張依固

張依固，江蘇師范大學附校國際項目部主任，中國中小學英語教學研究中心研究員，美國紐約州啟培菲爾德學校中國區(qū)域特聘教學顧問。多次率領師生學術團赴美國、加拿大、澳大利亞等國家的世界級頂尖名校進行訪學和游學活動，負責青少年模擬聯(lián)合國校本課程和學生社團課程的研發(fā)、授課，實施和活動組織等。

【背景介紹】

模聯(lián)（MUN），模擬聯(lián)合國（Model United Nations）的簡稱，是組織青少年學生聚焦世界熱點話題，模擬聯(lián)合國工作流程進行的一項實踐活動。模聯(lián)活動前要做會前研究，了解議題和所代表國家的世界地位、聯(lián)盟友好國等信息。在模聯(lián)大會上辯論、結盟、總結工作報告，起草立場文件（position paper）、工作文件（working paper）和最終決議（resolution）等。

本次模擬聯(lián)合國活動，圍繞“禁止傾倒放射性廢棄物（Prohibition of the Dumping of Radioactive Wastes）”話題，學生們通過扮演十余個國家的外交官和大使，體驗站在聯(lián)合國世界性舞臺上解決爭端，實現(xiàn)國家共同利益最大化的過程。以下呈現(xiàn)的是剛果、斐濟、匈牙利、伊朗和美國等國家的發(fā)言稿。

【模聯(lián)在線】

President

Dear delegates （代表）， welcome to the Model United Nations 2019. Im Kevin， president of todays conference. I hope our conference will be fruitful with our sincere and pragmatic （務實的） discussion for the next three days.

Todays topic is “Prohibition of the Dumping of Radioactive Wastes”. The speech time is 1.5 minutes. The Speakers List is now open.Delegation of Congo is the first on the Speakers List. You are invited to the podium （講臺） to address the Committee. Delegation of Fiji is next;please be ready. Please remember to address the Dais （主席團） and the Delegation before your lecture.

Now，with warm applause，lets welcome the first representative from Congo.

Topic： Prohibition of the Dumping of Radioactive Wastes

Congo

Hello， ladies and gentlemen. As you know，the generation of radioactive wastes is mainly due to the production process of nuclear fuel， reactor operation process， nuclear fuel repro?cessing and other sources. The hazards （危害） of radioactive wastes include physical toxicity （毒性）， chemical toxicity and biological toxicity.

Congo is a developing country， so there is no need for nuclear energy and there is no need for nuclear energy to be handled by skilled countries. Congo is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency （IAEA）， and the current nuclear weapons situation has been relatively stable. In the field of safeguards， comprehensive （所有的） safeguard agreements and individual safeguard agreements have been signed with more than 140 countries and regional organizations.

When it comes to illegal nuclear power purchase， the best solution is to strengthen the government and tighten management， so as to reduce the illegal nuclear power purchase. In addition， Congo can publicize the dangers of illegal dumping of nuclear energy and existing international conventions. To ensure the safe disposal of nuclear wastes， countries are subject to international supervision when releasing it.

Thats all. Thank you.

President

Delegation from Fiji please and delegation from Hungary is next.

Fiji

Undoubtedly， radioactive wastes refer to wastes containing radioactive substances （物質(zhì)） of which the most content is nuclear wastes. The half?life of nuclear wastes is very long; the improper disposal （處理） will cause harm to nature and the human body. Therefore， banning the dumping of nuclear wastes is a matter that people should pay attention to.

Our country does not produce nuclear wastes. But the uncontrolled dumping of nuclear wastes into the sea would be catastrophic for an island nation like Fiji. Our country once had soldiers involved in the nuclear test conducted by Britain in the Pacific Ocean in the 1950s and suffered from radiation.

In order to further solve the dumping of radioactive wastes， governments of all countries can pay close attention to the serious problem of radioactive wastes dumping， improve the legal supervision system， strengthen coordination （配合） among various departments， and faithfully implement （執(zhí)行） relevant laws against the dumping of radioactive wastes; states should abide by international law and protect the marine environment and resources.

Thats all. Thank you.

President

Thank you. Delegation from Hungary please be ready. Delegation from Iran is next.

Hungary

Not only do troops need nuclear weapons， but nuclear materials are also used in medical and many other fields. In addition， human territory （領土） will soon be insufficient （不足的） to store nuclear wastes. This must arouse the common concern of all mankind， otherwise the consequences would be unimaginable.

With the continuous efforts of the United Nations and the world， the disposal of nuclear wastes has been greatly improved. In 1982， with the help of the former Soviet Union， we built the Baokesh Nuclear Power Plant in Hungary. There is no history of illegal dumping of nuclear wastes in Hungary. It will seriously affect the ecosystem， even the safety of human beings， so there should not be illegal dumping of wastes.

To solve these problems， we put forward several suggestions： Change nuclear fission（裂變） into nuclear fusion（聚變）; Improve the level of nuclear wastes management—keep the tank of nuclear wastes completely closed so that it cant affect our lives; Produce radioactive materials from the land where nuclear wastes can be stored.

Thats all. Thanks for your listening.

President

Delegation from Iran. Delegation from the United States of America is next.

Iran

Entering into the 21st century， the rise of the nuclear industry has led to a large amount of radioactive wastes; inappropriate （不恰當?shù)模?disposal of radioactive wastes has caused great harm to human health and the environment.

The nuclear industry is relatively young in Iran. Most activities， up to now， have been focused on the research and production of radioisotopes（放射性同位素）， and then they can be used for medical and industrial purposes. Recently， due to the construction of the Boushehr Nuclear Power Plant， this focus is shifting to nuclear fuel cycle and related industry.

There are several tasks that should be seriously considered to solve this problem. First， the wastes management strategy should be executed （執(zhí)行） within the international framework. Second， countries should strengthen cooperation and share nuclear wastes dumping technology. In addition， governments should increase investment in the disposal of nuclear wastes.

Thats all. Thank you.

The United States of America

Now America has spoken. The generation of nuclear wastes and the long?term threat to humans also justify that everything has two sides. Since the highly radioactive nuclear waste is extremely harmful to the environment and human body， the problem of nuclear wastes disposal is becoming more and more obvious.

Our country is the worlds largest producer of nuclear wastes. Yucca Mountain has become our countrys first nuclear wastes disposal site， which can store 109，300 tons of high?level wastes. At present， nuclear wastes generated by nuclear power plants in our country has a total of 45，000 tons， and is increasing at a rate of 2，000 tons per year.

Our country put forward the following three suggestions： Reduce the amount of nuclear wastes by dismantling（拆開） the waste fuel bundle （束） and crushing （壓） the waste to half of its original volume; solve the problem of nuclear wastes by heating the fuel pellets（小球） with radiation; and use the pyroprocessing（高溫冶金處理） technology to put wastes into liquid metal.

President

Thanks for the speech of each delegation.Now the floor is open. Is there any delegations that would like to propose a motion （提議） for a Moderated Caucus （有主持核心磋商）？ Delegation of Egypt.

Egypt

Thank you， honorable President and fellow delegates. The delegation of Egypt would like to propose a motion to suspend the meeting for a Moderated Caucus of 10 minutes with 30?second intervention （打斷）.

President

Aha， thats a good idea. All those in favor of the motion proposed by Egypt， please raise your placards （標語牌）.

（After a short break）With 10 votes for and 2 against， the motion to suspend the meeting for a Moderated Caucus for 10 minutes with 30? second intervention passes. Please remember to address the Dais and the Delegation before your lecture.

Thanks for the approaches and measures from you. To reduce the amount of nuclear wastes and solve the problems of it， more countries should strengthen cooperation and share nuclear wastes dumping technology. We have only one common home. To enjoy a clean home around the world， we still have a long way to cover. Thanks again for your participation.