莫小阡

2015年，在羅馬尼亞舉行的首屆大使館節(jié)上，人們?cè)谥袊?guó)展臺(tái)等待領(lǐng)取寫著自己中文名字的書法作品（新華社 供圖）

“國(guó)之交在于民相親，民相親在于心相通。”2013年，“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”和“21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路”的提出，構(gòu)建起新的歷史進(jìn)程下延展的共同發(fā)展之路。幾年間，項(xiàng)目合作全面開花，在“一帶一路”沿線不斷落地落實(shí)，推動(dòng)著互聯(lián)互通的完善，作為“一帶一路”建設(shè)人文基礎(chǔ)的民心相通領(lǐng)域，也交出了優(yōu)異的“成績(jī)單”。

從中共中央對(duì)外聯(lián)絡(luò)部當(dāng)代世界研究中心聯(lián)合中國(guó)人民大學(xué)重陽(yáng)金融研究院共同編寫的《“一帶一路”民心相通報(bào)告》中不難看出，民心相通建設(shè)成果，為“一帶一路”建設(shè)奠定了良好的民意基礎(chǔ)。

幾年來(lái)，中國(guó)同“一帶一路”建設(shè)參與國(guó)廣泛開展人文交流與合作，規(guī)劃實(shí)施了一大批品牌項(xiàng)目和活動(dòng);

中國(guó)政府每年向相關(guān)國(guó)家提供1萬(wàn)個(gè)政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金名額，地方政府也設(shè)立了絲綢之路專項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，為沿線國(guó)家培養(yǎng)了大量行業(yè)領(lǐng)軍人才和優(yōu)秀技能人才;

中國(guó)與相關(guān)國(guó)家互辦文化年、旅游年、藝術(shù)節(jié)、電影節(jié)、電視周、圖書展等，推動(dòng)各國(guó)展現(xiàn)各自民族特色，感受不同文化風(fēng)采，增進(jìn)相互了解認(rèn)知;

另外，科技、教育、文化、衛(wèi)生、旅游、智庫(kù)、青年、城市、社會(huì)組織等各領(lǐng)域合作，不斷拓展交流寬度、增強(qiáng)交流深度……

一項(xiàng)項(xiàng)促進(jìn)民心相通的交流融通離不開頂層設(shè)計(jì)的推動(dòng)。

2016年，教育部牽頭制訂了《推進(jìn)共建“一帶一路”教育行動(dòng)》，旨在深化“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家教育領(lǐng)域的合作，擴(kuò)大人文交流，加強(qiáng)人才培養(yǎng)。為此，我國(guó)開展了“一帶一路”教育法律、政策協(xié)同研究，構(gòu)建沿線各國(guó)教育政策信息交流通報(bào)機(jī)制，為沿線各國(guó)政府推進(jìn)教育政策互通提供決策建議，為沿線各國(guó)學(xué)校和社會(huì)力量開展教育合作交流提供政策咨詢。積極簽署雙邊、多邊和次區(qū)域教育合作框架協(xié)議，制定沿線各國(guó)教育合作交流國(guó)際公約，逐步疏通教育合作交流政策性瓶頸，實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)分互認(rèn)、學(xué)位互授聯(lián)授，協(xié)力推進(jìn)教育共同體建設(shè)。

2017年，“一帶一路”暨“健康絲綢之路”高級(jí)別研討會(huì)在北京召開，會(huì)議對(duì)建設(shè)“健康絲綢之路”進(jìn)一步規(guī)劃：成立“一帶一路”衛(wèi)生政策研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)，促進(jìn)“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家在重大傳染性疾病的監(jiān)測(cè)、防控和應(yīng)對(duì)方面的協(xié)調(diào)和合作;開展對(duì)口醫(yī)院合作，通過(guò)“光明行”“微笑行”等短期義診及捐獻(xiàn)藥械等多種形式，向“一帶一路”國(guó)家提供衛(wèi)生援助;促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥政策、技術(shù)、研發(fā)和人員交流;鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)學(xué)科研機(jī)構(gòu)間合作，在前沿醫(yī)學(xué)科技、重大疾病防治、疫苗研發(fā)、臨床研究等領(lǐng)域開展聯(lián)合研究和技術(shù)攻關(guān);支持發(fā)展健康服務(wù)貿(mào)易、健康醫(yī)療旅游和養(yǎng)生保健，探討“一帶一路”國(guó)家相關(guān)藥械準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)互認(rèn)等合作。

另外，我國(guó)與“一帶一路”相關(guān)國(guó)家的文化交流與合作機(jī)制也日益完善。20T6年底，我國(guó)已經(jīng)和“一帶一路”相關(guān)64個(gè)國(guó)家簽訂了政府間文化交流合作協(xié)定。文化部發(fā)布的《文化部“一帶一路”文化發(fā)展行動(dòng)計(jì)劃（2016-2020年）》提出，要建成“一帶一路”文化交流合作機(jī)制，完善“一帶一路”文化交流合作平臺(tái)，打造“一帶一路”文化交流品牌，推動(dòng)“一帶一路”文化產(chǎn)業(yè)繁榮發(fā)展，促進(jìn)“一帶一路”文化貿(mào)易合作，為民心相通的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供強(qiáng)有力的支撐。

與此同時(shí)，我國(guó)還與“一帶一路”相關(guān)國(guó)家建立了各種區(qū)域性對(duì)話機(jī)制，如上海合作組織成員國(guó)文化部長(zhǎng)會(huì)晤、中國(guó)—中東歐國(guó)家文化合作部長(zhǎng)論壇、中阿文化部長(zhǎng)論壇等。

在多種要素的共同著力下，民心相通的種子已經(jīng)播撒到“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家。

在廣泛開展人文交流與合作的同時(shí)，以教育促進(jìn)文明互鑒，以智慧增進(jìn)彼此了解也成為鞏固民心相通成果的重要領(lǐng)域。

近年來(lái)中國(guó)政府獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金吸引力不斷提升，獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金向周邊國(guó)家和“一帶一路”相關(guān)國(guó)家傾斜，成為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略人才和人脈儲(chǔ)備的重要渠道。據(jù)教育部統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2017年共有來(lái)自204個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的各類留學(xué)人員在全國(guó)31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市的935所高等院校學(xué)習(xí)，其中碩士和博士研究生共計(jì)約7.58萬(wàn)人，比2016年增加18.62%?！耙粠б宦贰毕嚓P(guān)國(guó)家留學(xué)生31.72萬(wàn)人，占總?cè)藬?shù)的64.85%。另一方面，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，中國(guó)科研機(jī)構(gòu)和高等院校的“一帶一路”研究平臺(tái)達(dá)300家，參與“一帶一路”研究的外國(guó)知名智庫(kù)已有50多家。目前，中國(guó)智庫(kù)出版了400多本“一帶一路”相關(guān)圖書，國(guó)外知名智庫(kù)發(fā)表了100多份專題研究報(bào)告。

在出版、影視劇翻譯方面，我國(guó)已經(jīng)與“一帶一路”相關(guān)「6個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)簽訂了互譯出版協(xié)議，翻譯出版了近100種優(yōu)秀圖書，與15個(gè)國(guó)家簽訂了電影合拍協(xié)議，與一些國(guó)家簽訂了電視合拍協(xié)議。很多中國(guó)現(xiàn)象級(jí)影片正被翻譯成各國(guó)語(yǔ)言，在“一帶一路”沿線國(guó)家播放，通過(guò)這些影片，中國(guó)的形象也愈加立體起來(lái)。

近些年，隨著中國(guó)人民生活水平的日益增長(zhǎng)，旅游的開支占比正成為國(guó)人收入支配的重要部分，而“一帶一路”相關(guān)旅游資源極其豐富，擁有近500項(xiàng)世界自然和文化遺產(chǎn)，成為國(guó)人旅游熱門地。截至2018年1月3日，持普通護(hù)照中國(guó)公民可以免簽、落地簽前往的國(guó)家和地區(qū)，增加到67個(gè)。根據(jù)國(guó)家旅游局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)顯示，2017年全年中國(guó)公民出境旅游人數(shù)13051萬(wàn)人次，比上年同期增長(zhǎng)7.0%。中國(guó)已連續(xù)多年保持世界第一大出境旅游客源國(guó)地位。

往來(lái)之間，不同領(lǐng)域的民心相通為“一帶一路”的建設(shè)積累起了源源不斷的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。企業(yè)自覺擔(dān)當(dāng)

《“一帶一路”民心相通報(bào)告》中特別指出，中國(guó)企業(yè)在“走出去”過(guò)程中唱響“融”字主旋律，主動(dòng)融入當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)，積極擔(dān)當(dāng)起民心相通的責(zé)任。日前，在國(guó)務(wù)院國(guó)資委舉行的中央企業(yè)參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)媒體通氣會(huì)上，國(guó)資委副主任、黨委委員翁杰明也介紹道，“一帶一路”建設(shè)有效帶動(dòng)了所在國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，央企大力推進(jìn)本土化經(jīng)營(yíng)，海外分支機(jī)構(gòu)85%是本地員工，不少企業(yè)員工本地化率達(dá)到90%以上，中國(guó)石油印尼公司、中國(guó)移動(dòng)巴基斯坦公司員工本地化率高達(dá)gg%。在直接提供就業(yè)崗位的同時(shí)，還間接帶動(dòng)了十幾倍甚至幾十倍的當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)。

企業(yè)在促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí)，嚴(yán)格遵守國(guó)際通行規(guī)則和當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)保法律法規(guī)，通過(guò)開展第三方環(huán)境評(píng)估、節(jié)能減排、廢棄物管理等，加大對(duì)環(huán)境的保護(hù)力度。積極履行社會(huì)責(zé)任，開展愛心公益活動(dòng)，幫助解決當(dāng)?shù)孛癖姷膶?shí)際困難。隨著項(xiàng)目的落成，有些地區(qū)改變了落后的現(xiàn)狀，有的則改變了多年的生活習(xí)慣。

在老撾萬(wàn)榮水電十四局項(xiàng)目部的辦公室里，一張張老撾萬(wàn)象省萬(wàn)榮縣村民質(zhì)樸的笑臉在電腦屏幕上閃現(xiàn)，這些村民終于用上自來(lái)水了。曾經(jīng)，村里人喝的是渾濁的、微生物超標(biāo)的水，現(xiàn)在，村里245戶人家，1225人，家家都用上了自來(lái)水，村上學(xué)校的師生也有了安全飲用水。萬(wàn)榮縣副縣長(zhǎng)為此專程來(lái)到項(xiàng)目部，給建設(shè)者們送上感謝信和一份沉甸甸的榮譽(yù)證書。

這只是因項(xiàng)目建設(shè)改變當(dāng)?shù)噩F(xiàn)狀的一個(gè)縮影，中國(guó)交建僅在肯尼亞蒙內(nèi)鐵路建設(shè)期間，就為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用翊蛄?00多口深水井，贏得了肯尼亞民眾的認(rèn)可;中國(guó)電建多次組織參與項(xiàng)目當(dāng)?shù)氐缆沸迯?fù)、沉船搜救、車禍處理等搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)行動(dòng);中冶集團(tuán)在項(xiàng)目所在地出資建設(shè)醫(yī)院、學(xué)校，贏得了當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)和居民的廣泛贊譽(yù)……

? ? 由中企承建的塞爾維亞貝爾格萊德普平大橋

在“一帶一路”建設(shè)過(guò)程中，參與者們書寫了太多值得贊頌的友誼新篇章，描繪了太多民心相通的時(shí)代新畫卷。

中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊優(yōu)先實(shí)施項(xiàng)目之一的中興能源900兆光伏地面電站（本版圖片/新華社 供圖）

Chinese President Xi Jinping once said，“Friendship， which derives from close contactbetween the people， holds the key to sound state-to-state relations.” In 2013， he proposed the initiative ofthe Silk Road Economic Belt and the 2lst-CenturyMaritime Silk Road， providing a way for comrmondevelopment on a new historical joumey. Within justa couple of years， comprehensive progress has beenmade in cooperative prOJects carried out under theBelt and Road Initiative， givrng a continuous boost toregional connectivity. At the same time， remarkableachievements have also been made in people-to-people bonds， the cultural cornerstone of advancingthe Belt and Road Initiative.Leveraging top-level design as a driving force

It is clear that achievements lJl promoting people-to-people bonds have laid a sound foundationof popular will for advancing the Belt and RoadInitiative， as revealed by the Report offPeople-to-People Bonds under the Belt and Road Initiative byChina Center for Contemporary World Studies of theIntemational Department. Central Committee of theCommunist Party of China and Chongyang Institutefor Financial Studies， Renmin University of China.

Over the past years， China has made a long list ofachievements in promoting people-to-people bonds：China together with other participants of the Beltand Road has conducted extensive people-to-peopleexchanges and cooperation and implemented a host ofbrand projects and activities;

The Chinese government offers 10，000government scholarships each year to students fromB&R countries and China's local governments havealso set up special Belt and Road scholarships whichhave helped these countries train industrial leaders andskillful talented people;

China and relevant countries have held cultureyears. tourism years， arts festivals. film festivals.TV weeks and book fairs in each other's countries so as to highlight respective national and culturalcharacteristics and enhance mutual understanding;

In addition. cooperation in technology， education，culture，health care，tourism， think tank， the youth， cityand social organizations continues to extend for widerand deeper exchanges……

These endeavors to promote people-to-peoplebonds cannot be in place without the impetus fromtop-level design.

In 2016， the Ministry of Education formulatedthe Education Action Plan for the Belt and RoadInitiative in a bid to deepen education cooperation，broaden people-to-people exchanges and strengthen talent training among B&R countries. To this end，China has carried out studies on how to coordinatedomestic laws and policies with education amongB&R countries and put in place an education policyinformation sharing mechanism for these countries inan effort to provide decision-making advice to relevantgovernments on keeping education policies alignedand to offer policy consultation to schools and socialactors in these countries on educational cooperationand exchanges; China has redoubled efforts to reachbilateral. multilateral and sub-regional frameworkagreements for educational cooperation， formulateinternational convention on educational cooperationand exchanges among B&R countries and steadilybreak policy-related bottlenecks in educationalcooperation and exchanges， seeking to establish morearrangements to have academic credits to be mutuallyrecognized and more dual and joint degrees conferred，with the prospect of working concertedly to build anintegrated educational community.

In 2017， the Belt and Road High-1evel Meetingfor Health Cooperation： towards a Health Silk Roadwas held in Beijing， at which a more elaborate planfor “Health Silk Road” was formulated， including：establishing the Belt and Road Health PolicyResearch Network to push forward coordinationand cooperation among B&R countries in themonitoring， prevention and control， and responseto major infectious diseases; providing health aidto B&R countries through hospital cooperation，short-term free treatment. including treatment ofcataract and cleft lip and palate， and donation ofmedicines and medical devices; promoting policies，technology， R&D and personnel exchanges in thefield of traditional medicine among B&R countries;encouragmg cooperation between medical researchinstitutions and carrying out joint researches to maketechnological breakthrough in the fields of advancedmedical technology， major disease prevention andcontrol. vaccme research and development andclinical research; supporting the development ofhealth services trade，1Iledical and health care tourismand health preservation and exploring the cooperationon B&R countries’mutual recognition on drugs anddevices access standards.

In addition. China has also seen improvements inthe cultural exchanges and cooperation mechanismswith relevant B&R countries. By late 2016， Chinahad signed intergovemmental agreements on culturalexchanges and cooperation with 64 B&R countries.According to the Ministry of Culture’s Action Planon Belt and Road Culyure Development （2016-2020）， China should develop the Belt and Roadcultural exchanges and cooperation mechanism，optimize the Belt and Road cultural exchanges andcooperation platform build the Belt and Road culturalcommunication brand. boom the Belt and Roadcultural industry and promote the Belt and Roadcultural trade cooperation so as to provide strongsupport for realizing people-to-people bonds.

Meanwhile， China has also set up diverseregional dialogue mechanisms with relevant B&Rcountries，including the Cultural Ministers' Meetingof the Member States of the Shanghai CooperationOrganization， China-CEEC Cultural CooperationForum and Cultural Ministers' Forum of China andArab States.

Thanks to the combined effects of multiplefactors，the seeds of people-to-people bonds have beensowed in B&R countries.Making progress in multiple fronts

While carrying out extensive people-to-peopleexchanges and cooperation， China has also made alot of efforts in facilitating mutual leaming througheducation and mutual understanding throughknowledge among the peoples of B&R countries，yielding fruitful results in people-to-people bonds.

In recent years， Clrina has opened up an importantchannel to pool national strategic talents and establishconnections by providing increasingly attractivescholarships and offering more scholarships toneighboring countries and relevant B&R countries.Statistical data from the Ministry of Education of PRCshows that 935 domestic higher education institutionsin 31 provinces， autonomous regions and municipalitiesreceived students from 204 countries and regionsin 2017. They included 75，800 postgraduates， anincrease of 18.62% compared t0 2016. The numberof sffldents from B&R countries has reached 317，200，accounting for 64.85% of all intemational students inChina. According to data available， Chinese researchinstitutions and universities have established morethan 300 research platforms under the Belt and RoadInitiative and more than 50 well-known foreign thinktanks have joined the research. And by far over 400books and 100 research reports on the initiative havebeen published by Chinese think tanks and their foreign COUnterparts respectively.

In the field of publishing and film and televisiontranslation， China has signed cooperation agreementswith 16 countries and regions along the Belt andRoad with nearly 100 kinds of excellent works havingbeen translated and published. In addition， China hassigned co-production agreements of films with 15countries， as well as co-production agreements of TVdramas with a number of countries. Many Chinesebox-office blockbusters are being translated intovarious languages and released in B&R countries，displaying China more vividly.

With ever-improving living standards over thepast few years， Chinese people are spending a higherportion of their disposable incomes on tourism.Countries and regions along the Belt and Road withrich tourism resources including nearly 500 worldnatural and cultural heritage sites， have become hotdestinations for Chinese travelers. As of January 3，2018， Chinese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrivalaccess t0 67 countries and territories. According to theChina National Tourism Administration， the numberof outbound tourists in China reached 130.51 millionin 2017，up 7.0% over the previous year. China hasmaintained the status of the world's largest customercountries of outbound travel for many years.

Such frequent exchanges and broad efforts inimproving the people-to-people bonds between Chinaand other B&R countries have stimulated internalimpetus to push the Belt and Road ahead.Chinese enterprises vigorously shoulder socialresponsibilities

It is highlighted in the Report on People-to-People Bonds under the Belt and Road Initiativethat Chinese enterprises are focusing efforts on“integration” when they go global. They are takingthe initiative to integrate into the local society andtaking on the responsibility of promoting people-to-people bonds. The other day， Weng Jienung， memberof the CPC Committee and Vice Chairman of State-owned Assets Supervision and AdministrationCommission （SASAC）， said at the Press Conferenceof Central SOEs Participating in the Development ofthe Belt and Road Initiative that the Belt and Roadhas effectively promoted local employment in B&Rcountries. Data shows that Chinese central SOEs havemade great efforts in achieving localization. Locallabors account for 85% of the employees at overseasbranches of Chinese central SOEs and even for ashigh as 90% in many cases. In PetroChina Indonesiaand China Mobile Pakistan， local labors accountfor gg%. In addition to providing job opportunitiesdirectly， these central SOEs also bring a huge boostfor those regions ' employment indirectly.

While driving local economic growth， Chineseenterprises also strictly abide by internationallyrecognized rules and local laws and regulationson environmental protection. and increase effortsto protect the environment through third-partyenvironmental impact assessment， energy conservationand emission reduction， waste management， etc.Theyactively shoulder their social responsibilities and carryout charity activities to help locals out of difficulties.With the completion of relevant projects， some areaswith backward economy have made progress， andsome people have changed their bad living habits thathad been ingrained for many years.

In the project office of Sinohydro Bureau 14 Co.，Ltd. in Vang Vieng， Vientiane Province， Laos， smilesof local villagers flash on the computer screen， as theyhave eventually ended the history of drinking turbidwater with excessive microbes and gained access totap water. A11 0f the l，225 people in 245 households，including teachers and students in the village schoolhave had access to tap water and safe drinking water.To extend their gratitude， Deputy County Mayor ofVang Vieng paid a special visit to the project office tosend letters of thanks and a certificate of honor.

This is merely an epitome of the impressivechanges brought about by Chinese enterprises to localcommunities when implementing projects under theBelt and Road and there are scores of other examples.For instance， China Communications ConstructionCompany drilled more than 100 deep-water wellsfor local residents when constructing the Mombasa-Nairobi Railway in Kenya， winning the recognitionof Kenyan people; POWERCHINA has organizedand participated in many local rescue and reliefworks such as road rehabilitation， sunken ship searchand rescue， and dealing with car accidents; ChinaMetallurgical Group Corporation has funded theconstruction of local hospitals and schools， which iswidely acclaimed by local communities.

In the process of advancing the Belt and RoadInitiative， participants have written countless newchapters of friendship and people-to-people bonds.