戴劍國(guó)

語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀

“元旦”一詞始于“三皇五帝”時(shí)期，據(jù)唐代房玄齡等人寫(xiě)的《晉書(shū)》上記載，正月稱(chēng)為“元”，初一為“旦”。我們從小就知道，每年陽(yáng)歷（公歷）1月1日就是“元旦”，但是又有多少人知道它的具體來(lái)歷呢？

In ancient China， Yuan Dan was not on Janu

ary 1st， as regulated in the Gregorian calendar. The date of Yuan Dan had been changed many times from the 1st of the 12th lunar month in Yin Dynasty to the 1st of the 1st lunar month in Han Dynasty. When Sun Yatsen took office as the temporary President in Nanjing at the beginning of January of 1912， he set the 1st of the 1st lunar month as the Spring Festival while the 1st of January was set as the New Year， which was also called Yuan Dan.

In 1949， the Central Government of China issued a National Festival and Memorial Day and set January 1st as Yuan Dan， which was a oneday holiday for the whole country. In order to distinguish the two New Years of both the lunar calendar and solar calendar， and as the“Spring Beginning” of the lunar calendar was always around the lunar New Year， the 1st of the 1st lunar month was called the Spring Festival.

Yuan means the beginning， the first. The beginning of a number is Yuan. Dan， which is a pictographic character in the Chinese language， means the sun rises from the horizon， symbolizing the beginning of a day. When Yuan and Dan are combined， it means the first day of a New Year. Yuan Dan is also called Three Yuan， the beginning of a year， the beginning of a month and the beginning of an hour. The word Yuan Dan was first used during the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors era.

典句賞析

1.The date of Yuan Dan had been changed many times from the 1st of the 12th lunar month in Yin Dynasty to the 1st of the 1st lunar month in Han Dynasty.元旦的日期從殷代臘月初一到漢代的正月初一已經(jīng)改了很多次。

句中的had been changed為過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前已被完成了的動(dòng)作；過(guò)去完成時(shí)也可以表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

【即時(shí)嘗試】當(dāng)公共汽車(chē)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車(chē)站已經(jīng)等了20分鐘。

2.In order to distinguish the two New Years of both the lunar calendar and solar calendar， and as the“Spring Beginning” of the lunar calendar was always around the lunar New Year， the 1st of the 1st lunar month was called the Spring Festival.為了區(qū)分農(nóng)歷和公歷的兩個(gè)新年，鑒于農(nóng)歷中的“立春”恰好在農(nóng)歷新年的前后，便把農(nóng)歷正月初一稱(chēng)為“春節(jié)”。

介詞短語(yǔ)in order to意為“為了……；以便……”，后面直接接動(dòng)詞原形，在句子中作目的狀語(yǔ)。

【即時(shí)嘗試】為了能通過(guò)考試，我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。

3.Dan， which is a pictographic character in the Chinese language， means the sun rises from the horizon， symbolizing the beginning of a day.“旦”在中國(guó)文字里是象形字，表示太陽(yáng)從地平線(xiàn)上升起，象征著一天的開(kāi)始。

這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，which is a pictographic character in the Chinese language是由關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；symbolizing the beginning of a day為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。其中the beginning of是固定詞組，意為“……的開(kāi)始；……的開(kāi)頭”，后面可接名詞或代詞。

【即時(shí)嘗試】這些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)是我三年前栽的，還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。

譯文助讀

在古代中國(guó)，按公歷來(lái)說(shuō)，元旦并不是1月1日這一天。元旦的日期從殷代臘月初一到漢代的正月初一已經(jīng)改了很多次。1912年1月初，孫中山在南京就任中華民國(guó)臨時(shí)大總統(tǒng)時(shí)，決定把農(nóng)歷的正月初一叫作“春節(jié)”，把公歷的1月1日改為“新年”，也叫作“元旦”。

1949年，中華人民共和國(guó)中央政府公布了全國(guó)假日和紀(jì)念日，并確定1月1日為元旦，全國(guó)放假一天。為了區(qū)分農(nóng)歷和公歷的兩個(gè)新年，鑒于農(nóng)歷中的“立春”總是在農(nóng)歷新年的前后，便把農(nóng)歷正月初一稱(chēng)為“春節(jié)”。

“元”意為“開(kāi)始；第一”，數(shù)字的第一個(gè)稱(chēng)“元”?！暗痹谥袊?guó)文字里是象形文字，表示太陽(yáng)從地平線(xiàn)上升起，象征著一天的開(kāi)始。當(dāng)“元”和“旦”相結(jié)合時(shí)，就表示一年開(kāi)始的第一天。元旦又稱(chēng)為“三元”，即歲之元、月之元和時(shí)之元。元旦最早可以追溯到“三皇五帝”時(shí)期。