江西 邱世才
聽力測試主要考查考生接受信息、判斷信息和運用信息的能力,錄音內(nèi)容基本上是沒有生詞障礙的英語材料。
中考聽力測試范圍包含英語課程標準中規(guī)定的粗體詞語、功能意念項目和初中生所熟悉的生活、學習等話題。
從2018年各地中考試卷看,聽力試題主要從單詞辨音、句子辨音、句子理解、對話理解、短文理解和表格填空等形式進行命題。
單詞辨音題要求考生根據(jù)單詞讀音,選出該單詞的音標選項。例如:
聽下面5個單詞。每個單詞后面有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出作為該單詞音標的正確選項。每個單詞讀兩遍。
①A./li:v/ B./l?st/ C./let/
②A./ta??d/ B./?te?bl/ C./?ta?ɡ?/
③A./r?t∫/ B./t?t∫/ C./s?:t∫/
……
【2018·聊城中考題】
錄音材料:
①let②table ③rich
參考答案:①~③CBA
【解題秘籍】在聽單詞聽力題之前,要把每組三個單詞的音標比較一下,注意其尾音是否相同,如不相同就要多留意其元音的讀音,以便聽錄音時有所側(cè)重。
句子辨音題(也叫關(guān)鍵詞語選擇題),考查考生在聽清句子的前提下識別單詞或詞組的能力。此類題型中,每小題會提供讀音易混或干擾性較強的三個單詞或短語選項,要求考生聽錄音后選出所聽到的詞語。例如:
請在每小題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出一個你所聽到的單詞或短語。每個句子讀兩遍。
①A.look B.knock C.cook
②A.dream B.cream C.team
【2018·安徽中考題】
錄音材料:
①Keep your attention,and nothing can knock you down.
②If you work together as a team,you'll be successful more easily.
參考答案:①~②BC
【解題秘籍】聽錄音前,先瀏覽所給三個選項的單詞或短語,暗記其讀音和詞義。播放錄音時,快速捕捉與選項相關(guān)的詞語,在聽懂句子意思的基礎(chǔ)上,通過判斷選擇答案。
句子理解題包括聽句子選答語、選意思相近的句子、選擇相關(guān)的圖片等形式。例如:
1.聽下面提示句,從每小題A、B、C三個選項中,選出能回應(yīng)提示句的最佳選項。每個句子讀兩遍。
①A.He likes playing basketball.
B.He is very hard-working.
C.He is very tall.
②A.Of course not.
B.Sorry,I won't do it again.
C.What a shame!
【2018·咸寧中考題】
錄音材料:
①What does Yao Ming look like?
②Don't throw litter around!
2.看圖聽句子,選出與句子意思一致的圖畫。每個句子讀一遍。
【2018·海南中考題】
錄音材料:
①Look,some girls are singing over there.
②It's going to rain.You'd better take your umbrella.
③Sorry,sir.You cannot smoke here.
④I take my dog for a walk after dinner every day.
⑤If you have any questions,please put up your hand.
3.聽句子,選擇與所聽內(nèi)容或語境相關(guān)的信息。每個句子讀兩遍。
【2018·蘭州中考題】
錄音材料:
I like eating bananas a lot.
參考答案:1.①~②CB 2.①~⑤EACDB 3.A
【解題秘籍】對于聽句子選答語的題,首先應(yīng)了解選項的具體內(nèi)容,錄音開始時要仔細聽錄音內(nèi)容,便于根據(jù)其內(nèi)容推測出答案。
對聽句子選圖畫的題,先要觀察每幅圖畫的內(nèi)容,找出每幅圖間的相同點與不同點。聽錄音時,注意對主要信息和關(guān)鍵詞的把握,通過分析和比較來排除不符合錄音內(nèi)容的圖畫。
對話理解題包括聽對話內(nèi)容直接選答案(圖片)、聽對話及問題選答案(圖片)或聽對話判斷正誤等題型。錄音材料分為簡短(小)對話、段落(長)對話。錄音材料為問候、介紹、天氣、時間、地點、情景、購物、計算以及職業(yè)與關(guān)系、邀請與約會、請求與幫助等題材,問題常以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn)。例如:
1.根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容,回答對話后面的問題,在每小題所給出的三個選項中選出一個最佳選項。每段對話聽兩遍。
Where does the woman want to go?
A.To the zoo. B.To the park.
C.To the airport.
【2018·長沙中考題】
錄音材料:
M:Miss,where do you want to go?
W:Could you please take me to the airport?
2.根據(jù)你所聽到的一段對話,從A、B、C三個選項中選出正確答案。每段對話聽兩遍。
①How does the girl feel now?
A.Relaxed. B.Stressed.C.Excited.
②What does the girl do before an exam?
A.She does more homework.
B.She asks teachers for help.
C.She listens to music.
【2018·江西中考題】
錄音材料:
M:How are your exams going?
W:Not bad actually.I think I'm doing pretty well.
M:I don't know how you stay so relaxed about it all.I'm really stressed.
W:I always listen to relaxing music before I have an exam.That keeps my head cool.
...
參考答案:1.C 2.①~②AC
【解題秘籍】做聽對話理解題時,要在聽錄音前了解問答信息,預(yù)測錄音的大概內(nèi)容。在聽錄音時,要把握各小題地點、人物、時間或數(shù)字的變化等主要信息,把握表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but和表示否定的no、not、nothing、hardly等關(guān)鍵詞,采用推理、排除、辨別等方法進行綜合判斷,從而得出正確答案。
3.聽對話,從題中所給的A、B、C三幅圖片中選出與對話意思相符的圖片。每段對話聽兩遍。
What does the man eat at last?
【2018·宜賓中考題】
錄音材料:
M:I'd like some beef,please.
W:Sorry,sir.We don't have any beef now.How about some eggs?
M:OK.
參考答案:B
【解題秘籍】預(yù)覽選項圖片,預(yù)測話題及內(nèi)容。聽錄音時,要抓住關(guān)鍵信息,留意表示句意轉(zhuǎn)折和表示否定的詞語,關(guān)注對話人的“弦外之音”,把握說話者的真實含義后再選擇答案。
4.判斷下列句子是否符合你聽到的對話內(nèi)容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示。
Mary has just become a college student.()
【2018·上海中考題】
錄音材料:
M:Hello,my name is Simon.Are you a new student?
W:Yes,I am.My name is Mary.Nice to meet you.
M:Nice to meet you,too.I've studied in this college for 2 years.How do you like your college life?
...
參考答案:T
【解題秘籍】做此類題型時,要初步了解所給句子的大意。聽錄音時,注意對話中事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物和主要情節(jié),以及對話中人物的語氣。邊聽錄音邊依次觀察所給的句子,隨時判定哪個句子是正確的。
短文理解題(又叫獨白題)是綜合性強、難度較大的題型。其考查方式有聽短文判斷正誤、選擇填空、完成句子或回答問題等,其考查內(nèi)容主要涉及人物、故事情節(jié)、主旨等。例如:
1.本題你將聽到一篇短文,讀兩遍,請從每個小題的三個選項中,選出最恰當?shù)囊豁棥?/p>
Who went for a holiday with Zhang Yuan last summer?
A.His friends. B.His parents.
C.His classmates.
【2018·陜西中考題】
錄音材料:
Zhang Yuan is a middle school student.Last summer,his parents took him to America for a holiday...
參考答案:B
【解題秘籍】快速瀏覽各題的選項,推測短文可能涉及的內(nèi)容。聽錄音的過程中,要聽清What、When、Who、Why、Where和How,通過歸納、綜合、判斷選擇正確的答案。
2.根據(jù)你所聽到的短文內(nèi)容,判斷下列各句正(T)、誤(F)。
Jane stayed in an old hotel.()
【2018·吉林中考題】
錄音材料:
Jane was on holiday in China.She stayed in an old hotel...
參考答案:T
【解題秘籍】瀏覽所給句子,初步了解其內(nèi)容。聽錄音時,留意短文中的主要情節(jié),判斷內(nèi)容的排列順序。采用邊聽錄音邊判斷的方式確定答案。
3.聽下面一段獨白,根據(jù)獨白內(nèi)容完成下列句子,每空格不超過3個單詞。
The school opens _________.
【2018·江西中考題】
錄音材料:
...The school opens on Monday and all students do an English test...
參考答案:on Monday
【解題秘籍】了解所給句子大意,從空格所在的位置及前后單詞猜出詞性。細聽錄音,速記關(guān)鍵詞。聽第一遍時,迅速寫出認為應(yīng)填的單詞,一時寫不出來的單詞,可標出其漢語意思。聽第二遍時,可邊聽邊糾正或完善單詞。
聽錄音填表是表格補充題,錄音材料以對話、留言、通知、個人簡歷、新聞報道等為主。例如:
聽短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成下列表格。短文讀兩遍。
Situation◆More than 40 million foreigners,including①____and adults around the world are learning Chinese.David◆There are many②______for him to talk with Chinese or③____in Chinese in his business.The reasons for learning Chinese Bob◆He became interested in Chinese④____and was amazed when he first watched Beijing Opera two years ago.Lisa◆China is becoming⑤and quite a lot of people want to know more about China.
【2018·煙臺中考題】
錄音材料:
More than 40 million foreigners around the world are learning Chinese.Some of them are children.They learn Chinese at school.Others are adults.They learn from their Chinese friends or study at the Confucius Institute.
I asked some of my foreign friends why they liked learning Chinese.David,who works in a big company in Australia,says that he has to learn Chinese because there are many chances to talk with people from China or read emails in Chinese in his business.Bob says that he wants to learn Chinese because he is very interested in Chinese culture.He was so amazed when he first watched Beijing Opera two years ago.Lisa thinks the most important thing is that China is becoming stronger and a lot of people want to know more about China.
參考答案:①children ②chances
③read emails ④culture ⑤stronger
【解題秘籍】聽錄音前,要快速瀏覽表格信息,初步了解需填寫的單詞。聽錄音時,重點捕捉對話或短文中的主要信息和某些細節(jié)。錄音結(jié)束后,根據(jù)對其具體內(nèi)容的回憶,寫出符合題目要求的答案。要注意的是,填完單詞之后的句子要做到語句通順、語法正確。