劉瀟 潘玉龍 孫蓓蓓 齊衍萍 徐東會(huì) 李娟
摘要? ? 為研究榮成近岸浮游動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系,于2016年2月、5月、8月和10月對(duì)榮成近岸水域進(jìn)行采樣調(diào)查。結(jié)果表明,2016年調(diào)查共鑒定浮游動(dòng)物28種,分屬6類,其中橈足類最多,共鑒定15種;其次為浮游幼蟲(chóng),共鑒定7類;端足類鑒定出3種;被囊類、糠蝦類和毛鄂動(dòng)物分別鑒定出1種。主要優(yōu)勢(shì)種為鉤蝦、強(qiáng)壯箭蟲(chóng)、長(zhǎng)尾類幼蟲(chóng)和中華哲水蚤。Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)(H)春季最高,秋季和冬季次之,夏季最低。典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析(CCA)表明,對(duì)浮游動(dòng)物影響較大的環(huán)境因子主要有溶解氧、pH值、化學(xué)需氧量、硅酸鹽、鹽度、磷酸鹽和水溫。
關(guān)鍵詞? ? 浮游動(dòng)物;群落結(jié)構(gòu);環(huán)境因子;典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析;榮成近岸海域
中圖分類號(hào)? ? S931? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼? ? A? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào)? ?1007-5739(2019)10-0177-03
Abstract? ? In order to study the relationship between zooplankton community and environmental factors in Rongcheng adjacent waters,the zooplankton community structure and environmental factors were investigated in February,May,August and October 2016.The results showed that a total of 28 species of zooplankton were identified in 2016,belonging to 6 categories.Copepods were the most abundant,with 15 species identified,followed by zooplankton larvae,with 7 species identified,3 species identified by amphipods,and 1 species identified by Tunicate,Chaetognatha and Mysidacea,respectvely.The dominant species were Gammarid,Sagitta crassa,Macrura larva,Calanus sinicus and Calanus sinicus.The highest diversity index of zooplankton was recorded in spring,followed by autumn and winter,while the lowest was in summer.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)showed that dissolved oxygen,pH,chemical oxygen demand,silicate,salinity,phosphate and water temperature were the major environmental factors affecting zooplankton.
Key words? ? zooplankton;community structure;environmental factor;canonical correspondence analysis(CCA);Rongcheng adjacent waters
榮成市位于山東半島最東端,其鄰近海域榮成灣和桑溝灣海水養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)達(dá),水產(chǎn)資源十分豐富,盛產(chǎn)鷹爪蝦、扇貝、海帶和裙帶菜等海產(chǎn)品[1]。近岸海域中的浮游動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)受多重環(huán)境因子的影響,其群落結(jié)構(gòu)組成和空間分布與水環(huán)境狀況密切相關(guān)[2],并且在環(huán)境污染監(jiān)測(cè)中起著一定作用[3]。
目前,對(duì)榮成近岸海域浮游動(dòng)物的研究較少,劉 萍等[1,4]研究了榮成灣毗鄰海域和桑溝灣毗鄰海域浮游動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的季節(jié)分布特征,而未見(jiàn)該海域關(guān)于浮游動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子關(guān)系的研究。典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析(CCA)是能夠同時(shí)分析多個(gè)環(huán)境因子與生物間關(guān)系的約束性排序方法,在浮游生物領(lǐng)域中已廣泛應(yīng)用[5-7]。本研究基于2016年在榮成近岸海域進(jìn)行的4個(gè)航次的調(diào)查,對(duì)該海域浮游動(dòng)物的種類組成和群落結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究,并運(yùn)用典范對(duì)應(yīng)分析探究了榮成近岸海域浮游動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系,旨在為榮成近岸海域的生態(tài)研究和養(yǎng)殖規(guī)劃管理提供科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。
1? ? 材料與方法
1.1? ? 數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源
于2016年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)在榮成近岸養(yǎng)殖海域進(jìn)行了4次調(diào)查,共設(shè)10個(gè)調(diào)查站位(圖1)。
按照《海洋調(diào)查規(guī)范》(GB/T 12763.6—2007)[8]使用淺水I型浮游生物網(wǎng)由底至表垂直拖網(wǎng)采集浮游動(dòng)物,保存在5%甲醛海水中帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室分析。樣品在體視顯微鏡下采用直接計(jì)數(shù)法進(jìn)行種類鑒定與計(jì)數(shù),并根據(jù)濾水量將浮游動(dòng)物個(gè)數(shù)換算為個(gè)體豐度。
每個(gè)站位同步調(diào)查透明度(TRA)、水溫(T)、鹽度(S)、pH值、溶解氧(DO)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)、磷酸鹽(SRP,以PO43-計(jì))、無(wú)機(jī)氮(DIN,為NO3-、NO2-和NH4+之和)、硅酸鹽(SRSi,以SiO32-計(jì))、總氮(TN)和總磷(TP)。水質(zhì)樣品的采集及分析測(cè)定參照國(guó)標(biāo)《海洋監(jiān)測(cè)規(guī)范》進(jìn)行[9]。