山東 董明義

There be句型是英語(yǔ)中比較重要的句型之一，無(wú)論是在口語(yǔ)中還是在書面語(yǔ)中，其使用頻率都是很高的。在歷年的中考試題中，幾乎都會(huì)以不同形式或從不同角度考查該句型。

◎句型解密

There be句型主要用來表示“某處/某時(shí)有某人/某物”。There是引導(dǎo)詞，無(wú)實(shí)際意義；be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。

一、be的使用

1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be的形式為is/was。例如：

There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。

There was a dictionary on the desk just now.剛才桌子上有一本詞典。

There is some water in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些水。

2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be的形式為are/were。例如：

There are 35 students in Class Three.三班有35名學(xué)生。

There were two balls under the desk yesterday.昨天書桌下面有兩個(gè)球。

3.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列名詞時(shí)，be應(yīng)與離它最近的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，即采用“就近原則”。例如：

There is a new book and two pens in the schoolbag.書包里有一本新書和兩只鋼筆。

There are two pens and a new book in the schoolbag.書包里有兩只鋼筆和一本新書。

二、句式變化

There be句型變否定句時(shí)在be后加not，變一般疑問句時(shí)將be提到句首。如果句中有some，要把some變成any。There be句型的反意疑問句的附加問句用be（not）there。例如：

There is a purse on the desk.（改為否定句）→

There is not/isn't a purse on the desk.

There are some birds in the tree.（改為否定句）→

There are not/aren't any birds in the tree.

There were some bikes under the tree.（改為一般疑問句）→

Were there any bikes under the tree?

There are some flowers in the park.（改為一般疑問句）→

Are there any flowers in the park?

There are some newspapers on the desk.（改為反意疑問句）→

There are some newspapers on the desk，aren't there?

【知識(shí)拓展】

對(duì)There be句型中的各成分提問時(shí)，通常要按如下規(guī)律進(jìn)行：

1.對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，用“Who+be+狀語(yǔ)?”；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，用“What+be+狀語(yǔ)?”。不論原句中的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，be一般都用單數(shù)形式。例如：

There are two beds in the room.→

What's in the room?

There was a boy in the pool.→

Who was in the pool?

2.對(duì)主語(yǔ)前表示量的定語(yǔ)提問時(shí)用“How many+主語(yǔ) （可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)）+are/were there+狀語(yǔ)?”或“How much+主語(yǔ) （不可數(shù)名詞）+is/was there+狀語(yǔ)?”。例如：

There is only one orange in the box.→

How many oranges are there in the box?

There was a lot of coffee in the cup.→

How much coffee was there in the cup?

There is some beef in the fridge.→

How much beef is there in the fridge?

3.對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問時(shí)，用“Where+be+主語(yǔ)?”。例如：

There is a hotel in front of the post office.→

Where is the post office?

三、There be句型的一般將來時(shí)

There be句型的一般將來時(shí)表示“在某時(shí)或某地將有某人或某物”，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“There will be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ).”或“There be going to be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ).”。 例如：

There will be a football game in our school next month.

=There is going to be a football game in our school next month.下個(gè)月我校將舉行一場(chǎng)足球賽。

There will be two math tests this month.

=There are going to be two math tests this month.本月將有兩次數(shù)學(xué)考試。

四、There be句型與have的區(qū)別

There be句型表示“某處/某時(shí)有某人/某物”，表示的是客觀存在；動(dòng)詞have作“有”講時(shí)，表示某人或某物本身?yè)碛校瑥?qiáng)調(diào)主觀擁有。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)there be句型可與have相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：

Tom has a watch.湯姆有一塊手表。

A week has seven days.

=There are seven days in a week.一周有七天。

五、There be句型的其他用法

1.There be句型的主語(yǔ)是人時(shí)，后面常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)。例如：

Look！There are lots of kids playing games over there.看！有很多孩子在那邊做游戲。

There are some students playing soccer on the playground.有一些學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。

2.There be句型的主語(yǔ)是物時(shí)，后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例如：

There is much work to do this weekend.這個(gè)周末有很多工作要做。

3.There be句型中也可用各種情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要放在be的前面。例如：

There must be something wrong with the car.車肯定出毛病了。

There might still be some vacant seatsin the room.房間里可能還有空座位。

4.There be句型與其他詞連用。例如：

There used to be a farm on the hill.過去這座山上有一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

5.There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞可以根據(jù)所表達(dá)的句意需要，用live、stand等動(dòng)詞代替，表示“靜止；存在；有”等意思。例如：

Once there lived a clever old man.這里曾住過一位聰明的老人。

There stands the Monument to the People's Heroes at the center of the Tian'anmen Square.天安門廣場(chǎng)的中心矗立著人民英雄紀(jì)念碑。

◎真題鏈接

1.—What's in the picture?

—There_______a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.

【2017·銅仁中考題】

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

【答案與解析】A根據(jù)空白處前面的there及整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可判斷答句考查There be句型，排除C、D項(xiàng)。當(dāng)There be句型中有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致。第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（a teacher）是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.—Excuse me.Is there a bank near here?

—_______.It's just between my house and a post office.

【2018·湘西中考題】

A.Yes，it is

B.No，there isn't

C.Yes，there is

【答案與解析】C對(duì)There be句型的一般疑問句作肯定回答時(shí)，用“Yes，there be.”，作否定回答時(shí)用“No，there be not.”。根據(jù)答句后一個(gè)句子的意思“它就在我家和一所郵局之間”可判斷出空白處應(yīng)是肯定回答。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.There______a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month.

【2018·烏魯木齊中考題】

A.is going to have

B.will have

C.is

D.is going to be

【答案與解析】D根據(jù)next month可知這是一個(gè)一般將來時(shí)態(tài)的句子。There be句型的一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為“There will be...”或“There is/are going to be...”， 其中的be不能用have替換。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.TheTVnewsreportsthat there________a storm the day after tomorrow.

【2018·臨沂中考題】

A.isB.was

C.will beD.has be

【答案與解析】C根據(jù)從句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)the day after tomorrow可判斷，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。There be句型的一般將來時(shí)可用“There will be...” 或 “There is/are going to be...”來表達(dá)。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.—_______thereanythingnewin today'sQianzhong Morning Daily?

—No.But there_______some inspiring stories worth reading.

【2017·安順中考題】

A.Is；isB.Are；are

C.Is；areD.Are；is

【答案與解析】C不定代詞anything作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式is；stories是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式are。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.There_______six countries inSCO（上海合作組織）at first，but now the number has increased to eight.

【2018·東營(yíng)中考題】

A.isB.are

C.wereD.will be

【答案與解析】Cat first意為“最初”，指過去的時(shí)間，因此要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)。

7.—There are some boys______basketball over there.

—Let's go and join them.

【2016·恩施中考題】

A.are playing

B.playing

C.to play

【答案與解析】B根據(jù)句意“有一些男孩在那邊打籃球”可知，本題為“There be sb.doing sth.”句型。 故選B項(xiàng)。

◎自我檢測(cè)

Ⅰ.按要求改寫下列句子。每空一詞。

1.There are some pens on the desk.（改為否定句）

There__________pens on the desk.

2.Is there a kite in the sky?（作肯定回答）

Yes，______________.

3.There are three magazines on the table.（改為反意疑問句）

Therearethreemagazinesonthe table，____________?

4.Our school has thirty teachers.（改為同義句）

____________thirty teachers in our school.

5.One boy and two girls are in the room.（改為同義句）

____________one boy and two girls in the room.

Ⅱ.選擇正確的答案填空。

1.Nowadays，there_______more heroes in China.We admire them a lot.

A.isB.are

C.wasD.were

2.Let's save pandas！There_______only about 2，000 pandas living in the forests now.

A.areB.is

C.wereD.was

3.—What does he say?

—He says there_______a meeting tomorrow morning.

A.isB.has

C.will beD.will have

4.________a lot of rain in our hometown in summer.

A.There isB.There has

C.We haveD.We has

5.Hiscomputerdoesn'twork.There_______something wrong.

A.are going to be

B.are

C.must be

D.will have