黑龍江 孫淑元

☆考點(diǎn)回放

狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句被稱為初中階段的“三大從句”，在各地的中考英語(yǔ)試題中，幾乎都有它們的身影。現(xiàn)結(jié)合2018年各地的中考真題，對(duì)“三大從句”的考點(diǎn)做一個(gè)歸納：

一、狀語(yǔ)從句

狀語(yǔ)從句指起副詞作用并充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的句子，用以修飾謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子。狀語(yǔ)從句包括時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、程度狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句等。對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查，主要集中在引導(dǎo)詞和時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面。例如：

1.—It has been much easier for me to go to work _________shared bikes appeared.

—But they also caused plenty of problems.

【2018·宜昌中考題】

A.since B.before

C.unless D.though

【答案與解析】A 考查引導(dǎo)詞。since意為“自從……”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；before意為“在……以前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；unless意為“除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；though意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。本句是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，可排除C、D選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境可知，before不合句意。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.Many people like pandas_________they are cute.

【2018·北京中考題】

A.though B.if

C.while D.because

【答案與解析】D 考查引導(dǎo)詞。though意為“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；if意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句；while意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；because意為“因?yàn)椤?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，前、后句具有因果關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.—Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.

—Don't mention it. ________you have more questions,come to me any time.

【2018·樂(lè)山中考題】

A.If B.Because C.Though

【答案與解析】A 考查引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句意“——謝謝你告訴我這么多關(guān)于自然的知識(shí)?！?jiǎng)e客氣。如果你有更多的問(wèn)題，隨時(shí)找我?！笨芍?，畫橫線的句子應(yīng)該是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.Jack _________a shower when his mother rang him up.

A.takes B.has taken

C.is taking D.was taking

【2018·云南中考題】

【答案與解析】D 考查時(shí)態(tài)。主句和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作均發(fā)生在過(guò)去，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞正在發(fā)生中，要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故選D項(xiàng)。

5.—When is the school art festival?

—It will be held on time if it_________next Monday.

【2018·南充中考題】

A.don't rain B.won't rain

C.doesn't rain D.didn't rain

【答案與解析】C 考查時(shí)態(tài)。若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，那么在由if、when、before、as soon as、until等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.While Nick ________CCTV News,someone knocked at the door.

【2018·烏魯木齊中考題】

A.watched B.was watching

C.watch D.watches

【答案與解析】B 考查時(shí)態(tài)。主、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作均發(fā)生在過(guò)去，由while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故選B項(xiàng)。

二、賓語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的考查，主要集中在連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)三個(gè)方面。例如：

1.Before you start reading,ask yourself _________you are reading this book.Most people read for two main reasons,pleasure or knowledge.

【2018·南京中考題】

A.why B.what

C.where D.when

【答案與解析】A 考查連接詞。why意為“為什么”，表示原因；what意為“什么”，詢問(wèn)對(duì)象；where意為“在哪里”，表示地點(diǎn)；when意為“何時(shí)”，表示時(shí)間。根據(jù)“Most people read for two main reasons,pleasure or knowledge.”可知，此處應(yīng)該填寫詢問(wèn)原因的連接副詞。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.—Excuse me,I wonder ________the plane can land on time.

—Wait a minute,please.Let me check it out.

【2018·吉林中考題】

A.if B.which C.that

【答案與解析】A考查連接詞。句意：——打擾了，我想知道這架飛機(jī)是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)著陸。——請(qǐng)稍等一下，讓我查一查。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

3.—Excuse me,could you please tell me _________from here to the airport?

—Sure,It's about 100 kilometers.

【2018·臨沂中考題】

A.how far it is

B.how long it takes

C.how far is it

D.how long does it take

【答案與解析】A 考查語(yǔ)序。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，待填寫的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞tell的直接賓語(yǔ)。由于賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述語(yǔ)序，排除C、D選項(xiàng)。又根據(jù)答語(yǔ)可知，問(wèn)句詢問(wèn)的是距離。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.—Could you tell me _________?

—Oh,she is the world’s first robot citizen,Sophia.

【2018·鹽城中考題】

A.what the tall girl is

B.what is the tall girl

C.who the tall girl is

D.who is the tall girl

【答案與解析】C 考查語(yǔ)序。根據(jù)答句可知，問(wèn)句詢問(wèn)的是某人，排除A、B選項(xiàng)。賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)序，而D項(xiàng)是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。故選C項(xiàng)。

5.We couldn't find out _________,so we wrote a “Lost and found”.

【2018·西寧中考題】

A.whose it was bike

B.whose bike it was

C.whose bike was it

D.whose was it bike

【答案與解析】B 考查語(yǔ)序。根據(jù)句意“我們沒(méi)能查明這是誰(shuí)的自行車，所以寫了一個(gè)‘失物招領(lǐng)’”可知，橫線處填寫的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞詞組find out的賓語(yǔ)從句。A、D選項(xiàng)中的whose后要緊接名詞bike，屬不符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)范，C項(xiàng)是疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.—Could you please tell me _________?

—Sorry,I don't know.You may ask Mr.Black over there.

【2018·南充中考題】

A.who does the robot belong to

B.who the robot belongs to

C.who did the robot belong to

D.who the robot belonged to

【答案與解析】B 考查語(yǔ)序與時(shí)態(tài)。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用合適的時(shí)態(tài)。本句中的could雖然是can的過(guò)去式形式，但由于“Could you please tell me_________?”句式表示問(wèn)話者的委婉語(yǔ)氣，而并非表過(guò)去，是屬于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)答句可知，此從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，先排除C、D選項(xiàng)；又由于賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)序，排除A項(xiàng)。故選B項(xiàng)。

三、定語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中，用以修飾某一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句，叫作定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)《義務(wù)教育英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的規(guī)定，初中階段對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句只做最基本的要求。定語(yǔ)從句的考查要點(diǎn)主要集中在關(guān)系詞that、which、who、whom和whose等的選用上。例如：

1.That's the boy _________won the first prize in the competition yesterday.

【2018·宜賓中考題】

A.who B.which C.whom

【答案與解析】A 考查關(guān)系代詞。當(dāng)先行詞表示人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句要用關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose或 that引導(dǎo)。who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)；whom是賓格形式，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)；whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)；that在定語(yǔ)從句中可代替who或whom作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。該句的先行詞為指人的名詞boy，關(guān)系代詞需要作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.—What do you think of the showReaderson CCTV?

—It's a great TV show________expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.

【2018·咸寧中考題】

A.whom B.who

C.whose D.that

【答案與解析】D 考查關(guān)系詞。當(dāng)先行詞表示事物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句要用關(guān)系代詞which、whose或that引導(dǎo)。which既可作主語(yǔ)，也可作賓語(yǔ)；whose作定語(yǔ)；that既可以作主語(yǔ)也可以作賓語(yǔ)。該句中的先行詞是指物的名詞TV show，關(guān)系代詞需要作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.We are talking about the piano and the pianist ________were in the concert last night.

【2018·眉山中考題】

A.that B.which

C.who D.whom

【答案與解析】A 考查關(guān)系詞。當(dāng)先行詞為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的單詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。該句的先行詞為指物的名詞the piano和指人的名詞the pianist。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.—Qingdao is the most beautiful city ________I've ever been to.

—So it is.Many international meetings are held there every year.

A.that B.which C.what

【2018·哈爾濱中考題】

【答案與解析】A 考查關(guān)系詞。當(dāng)先行詞為all、little、much、everything、nothing、anything、something等，或先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)以及the only、the very等修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that。該句的先行詞city被形容詞最高級(jí)the most beautiful所修飾。故選A項(xiàng)。

☆檢測(cè)訓(xùn)練

根據(jù)句意，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確的選項(xiàng)。

1.—Do you know________Ann goes to work every day?

—Usually by underground.

A.why B.how

C.when D.whether

2.Johnson won't answer the phone if he________the number.

A.knew B.doesn't know

C.will know D.didn't know

3.Jack opened the door and rushed into the rain ________I could stop him.

A.until B.after

C.before D.unless

3.According to a survey,people______are able to speak two languages can man age two things at the same time more easily.

A.which B.whom

C.whose D.who

5.It's time to say goodbye to my school.I'll never forget the days _________we spent together.

A.that B.whatC.who D.when

6.—Could you tell me _________?I'm going to pick you up at the airport.

—At 15：45 this Friday.

A.where you met me

B.who you are coming with

C.when you came here

D.what time you are arriving

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