MiddlePowers’ “BalancedDiplomacytowardsGreatPowers”:Indonesia’sBalancedDiplomacytowardsChinaandtheUS

Sun Xihui

Abstract: Middle powers play a special role in international relations, and there are more and more studies on middle powers in the academia. However, scholars differ in understanding and defining middle powers, which cause chaos of concept and lack of convincing definition. China and the U.S. are the two most influential countries in present international structure due to China’s continuous fast development, and there even appears the trend of bipolarization in the Asia-Pacific region. In this circumstance, most neighboring countries of China including middle powers begin to adopt the balanced diplomacy towards China and the U.S. to maximize their national interests. Therefore, it provides the basis of in-depth study on issues related to middle powers to correctly understand the concept and bring forward proper standards and methods of classifying countries in terms of large/small or powerful/weak. Furthermore, it helps enrich studies on middle power’s diplomacy and on southeast Asia and is of great significance for China’s foreign policy to discuss the mechanisms of middle powers’ “balanced diplomacy towards great powers” as well as Indonesia’s practices.

KeyWords: Middle Powers, Differentiating and Classifying, Balanced Diplomacy towards Great Powers, Indonesia

HumanFeelingsandWorldSignificanceofXiJinping'sDiplomaticThought

Jiang Hong, Zhu Jingya

Abstract: Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought is an action guide for the major power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era, with rich scientific connotation. First of all, Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought is in line with the diplomatic routes established by our party since the founding of new China. At the same time, Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought responded to the major changes in China's diplomatic purposes, objectives and demands in the process of socialist construction and development in a timely manner, and made a scientific development of diplomatic routes since the founding of new China. Furthermore, Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought focuses on the development and innovation of our party's diplomatic routes in the new era. Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought focuses on building a community with a shared future for mankind, building a new model of international relations, shaping common values for mankind, and jointly building the Belt and Road. Xi Jinping's diplomatic thought shows profound human feelings and profound world significance, making significant innovative contributions to Marxist diplomatic theory.

KeyWords: Xi Jinping's Diplomatic Thought, New Era, Human Feelings, World Significance

Japan'sStrengtheningRelationswithSriLanka:Path,MotivationandCopingStrategies

Liang Huaixin

Abstract：After Sri Lanka's presidential election in 2015, Japan established a comprehensive partnership with Sri Lanka and strengthened close cooperation in various fields. Japan's establishment of a comprehensive partnership with Sri Lanka is the result of long-term exchanges between the two sides. It's a choice that the two sides make on the basis of common interests. Japan strengthens relations with Sri Lanka to check and balance China. To further consolidate the traditional friendship with Chinese Sri Lanka, China should achieve docking between the two countries development strategy, strengthen the strategic cooperation with Sri Lanka's new government in various fields, and push China's bilateral relations with Sri Lanka to a new level.

KeyWords：Japan, Sri Lanka, Comprehensive Partnership, Indo-Pacific Strategy

TheEconomicandTradeCoordinationandCooperationbetweenChinaandIndiaundertheNewInternationalStructure

Lv Sai, Zhong Changbiao

Abstract：China has become the largest trading country in the world as well as the important country to introduce foreign investment and invest abroad. At the same time, India has become one of the largest developing economies. Both China and India play important roles in world trades. Although recently, trades and investments between China and India made some progress to some extent, problems such as uncoordinated development with a slow pace exist. This article discussed from four aspects: bilateral economy, politics, national conflicts and strategies, in order to illustrate factors to influence bilateral economic and trade development between China and India, such as bilateral regional economy system, economy structure, economy radiation, degree of political mutual trust, national conflicts and strategic mutual trust. The key point to promote economy and trade development between China and India is to promote mutual trust. At last, this article presents suggestions for the promotion of economy and trade development: intuitional coordination, policy coordination and strategic coordination.

KeyWord：China-Indian, Bilateral Economic Relation, Policy Coordination

ThePreferenceforRegionalPublicGoodsintheEstablishmentofChina-ASEANSmallMultilateralSecurityMechanism

Wang Yonghui, Zhang Zheng

Abstract：Strengthening cooperation with ASEAN countries in mini-multilateral security mechanisms is a major part for promoting the construction of "the Belt and Road Initiative" between China and ASEAN. In order to solidify the peaceful and stable development of the region, China and ASEAN countries have established various cooperation mechanisms, such as multilateral, bilateral and mini-multilateral security cooperation mechanisms, in politics, economy, culture and security. China's supply of regional public goods is the driving force of the development of these cooperation mechanisms. Furthermore, ASEAN countries have developed certain preferences for public goods in some fields, such as categories preferences, quality preferences and supply source preferences owing to various factors. Thus, this paper explores the effectiveness of China's strategy of small regional public goods supply.

KeyWords：China—ASEAN, Mini-multilateral Security Mechanisms, Regional Public Goods, Preferences

TheHistoricalDoctrineofModernSeaPowerDevelopmentinLand-SeaComplexCountries

——a Case Study of French Maritime Power‘s Rise and Fall under the Rule of Louis Xiv

Chen XinLi

Abstract: The study of the rise and fall of French sea power in modern times can provide some useful historical doctrines for contemporary China, which has the same land-sea complex geographical characteristics and is in the critical stage of the process of the rise of great powers. Under Louis xiv of France, once the sea power system development, sea power reached its zenith, national power has been held on the top of the Europe, Louis xiv eventually harvest, however, was not bigger dynasty glory, broader national territory, and guarantee of national security, but rapid fall of maritime power and a decline in France and circled by enemies. the France fast rise and failure of history process and outcome are not caused by geopolitical factors, economic factors, technical factors such as "the factor of" or people of continental and cultural traditions, rather caused by "human factors", the national top decision-makers and its policy misconduct and strategic overdraft, which led to the French sea power and national power rapid decline. In this sense, the historical doctrine provided by the case of the rise and fall of modern French maritime power mainly lies in: firstly, for land-sea composite countries, land power alone cannot support the rise of the country, while sea power is the basic requirement for the country to open up to the wider world and the rise of great powers. Secondly, the people running the country in the land-sea complex must have the strategic farsightedness, the strategic thinking of land-sea coordination, the risk consciousness of avoiding the overdraft of the strategy, and the reasonable topographic design of the geostrategy related to the development of the sea power and the application of the sea power.

KeyWords: Land-sea Complex Country, French, Louis XIV, Maritime Power, Geo-strategy

Pakistan'sAfghanRefugeeIssueandItsSecurityChallenges

Luo Yi

Abstract: During the 1970s, constant political conflicts plus natural disasters caused many Afghans to become displaced and flee to neighboring countries as refugees. In the end of 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The outbreak of Afghan resistance war produced more refugees. Millions of them escaped to Pakistan since the two countries have close ties in geography, religion, language and culture. The coming of a large number of Afghan refugees and their overstaying engendered Pakistan's Afghan refugee issue and brought about a lot of security challenges, such as heavy financial burden, social problems, eco-environmental damage and the spread of terrorist attacks.

KeyWords: Pakistan, Afghan Refugee Issue, Security Challenges

ImplementationandProspectofIndonesia’sGlobalMaritimeFulcrumStrategy——Analysis Based on National Strategy Adaptability

Ying Xiaoyan, Xie Jingyan

Abstract: The Global Maritime Fulcrum strategy, announced by Joko Widodo since he inaugurated the current president of Indonesia, has shown an essential effort in the national development of Indonesia recently. The Global Maritime Fulcrum is not limited to the economic sphere, but has impulse a fundamental change in national development as a union. However, in the related aspects, there is still some problems of adaptability of the strategy, including the constraints of imbalances in regional development, the combined effects of geopolitical and diplomatic relations, and some challenges in natural disasters and social culture. Facing such adaptation problems, Indonesia needs to make reforms in talent cultivation, urban construction, cultural exchanges and ocean development. Analyzing the adaptability of Global Maritime Fulcrum strategy in Indonesia can deepen the understanding of the top-level design and realistic dilemma. This helps to reasonably anticipate the political and economic development of Indonesia in the short and medium term.

KeyWords: Indonesia, Global Maritime Fulcrum Strategy, Adaptability, Geopolitics