建筑設(shè)計(jì)：帕林達(dá)·坎南加拉/帕林達(dá)·坎南加拉建筑事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior view

這是建筑師帕林達(dá)·坎南加拉的事務(wù)所和住宅，它位于斯里蘭卡科倫坡郊區(qū)拉夏吉里雅的一塊濕地旁。雖然處在城市邊緣，靠近一連串高層建筑和一條繁忙的主要道路，但建筑設(shè)計(jì)得猶如一座要塞，將它與科倫坡的高溫（特別設(shè)計(jì)了雙層百葉避免暴露西向和南向）、車(chē)流以及道路的噪聲隔開(kāi)。而一旦進(jìn)入室內(nèi)，鄰近的濕地就會(huì)在眼前豁然展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，與自然環(huán)境渾然一體。

建筑利用各種形體創(chuàng)造出起居、工作和休閑的區(qū)域，并以各種材料和構(gòu)造方式在建筑內(nèi)部形成相對(duì)涼爽的微氣候，充分利用陽(yáng)光和濕地朝向，收集和調(diào)節(jié)雨水，創(chuàng)造體現(xiàn)生物多樣性的花園。設(shè)計(jì)還考慮了臨水的位置，營(yíng)造了花園空間作為季風(fēng)時(shí)的蓄洪區(qū)，從而避免起居/工作空間被水淹。

建筑基底面積很小，為252.7m2，共有4層——底層為車(chē)庫(kù)、廚房、模型室和客房，每個(gè)房間都朝向庭院。有一段用回收石鋪成的寬臺(tái)階通向二層，那里由門(mén)廳和工作空間組成了建筑工作室。三層為會(huì)客廳、休息廳和圖書(shū)室，還有一個(gè)北樓，里面是帶陽(yáng)臺(tái)的臥室和露天浴室。最頂層（四層）是起居和娛樂(lè)室，它俯瞰著清潔和調(diào)節(jié)暴雨雨水的有蘆葦和水生植物的生物池塘、一塊能收獲濕地牧草并吸引鳥(niǎo)兒的小稻田和果園。該項(xiàng)目通過(guò)建筑和景觀的手段在建筑內(nèi)部營(yíng)造出相對(duì)涼爽的微氣候。

項(xiàng)目采用了簡(jiǎn)單的材料搭配，并就地取材。用當(dāng)?shù)啬静闹谱魍饴兜陌偃~窗，形成有紋理的混凝土完成面。以中空的外露磚墻作為內(nèi)部混凝土表面隔熱的雙層皮。兩層之間的空隙更促進(jìn)了空氣和微風(fēng)的流動(dòng)，同時(shí)隔絕眩光和噪音。樓面均涂深色水泥，臥室和娛樂(lè)室為當(dāng)?shù)啬静牡臉敲?，?chē)庫(kù)和主臺(tái)階是回收石樓面。門(mén)的設(shè)計(jì)采用了廢木塊。

項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)通過(guò)采用雙層墻、百葉窗系統(tǒng)、庭院、內(nèi)部水池、集約式綠色屋頂?shù)葮?gòu)造方式，創(chuàng)造出相對(duì)涼爽的室內(nèi)微環(huán)境。通過(guò)有隔擋效果的透氣無(wú)抹灰磚墻，避免暴露在朝南和朝西的日照下。特別設(shè)計(jì)的低輻射雙層高窗（5m高）讓濕地一覽無(wú)余。此外給所有的工作和起居區(qū)提供了充足的日照。根據(jù)伯努利原理，通過(guò)在無(wú)抹灰的磚墻和隔板上設(shè)置大洞口和小空腔形成了氣流。在中空墻和內(nèi)部混凝土墻之間是一個(gè)線狀淺水魚(yú)池，會(huì)進(jìn)一步冷卻空氣。道路的噪音由西立面上的這個(gè)透氣屏再次濾過(guò)。雙層墻還被用來(lái)遮擋管線和建筑設(shè)備?？烧{(diào)節(jié)的垂直玻璃百葉窗能夠控制進(jìn)入室內(nèi)的空氣和雨水。集約式綠色屋頂（超過(guò)30cm）將濕地景觀的感覺(jué)帶到頂層！

最近，莫勒?qǐng)D沃大學(xué)一篇學(xué)位論文對(duì)這座建筑的研究表明：建筑室內(nèi)溫度比室外低若干度?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

2 外景/Exterior view

3.4 內(nèi)景/Interior views

This is an office and residence of architect Palinda Kannangara, located by a marsh, in Rajagiriya, a suburb of Colombo, Sri Lanka. The building is located along the urban fringe near a series of high-rise buildings, and close to a busy main road. The building is designed like a fortification. It is sealed from Colombo heat (with specially designed double screens to limit western and southern exposure), traffic and noises of the road but once within reveals unexpected views of the adjoining marsh and is totally permeable to the natural settings.

The building plays with volumes to create many areas for living, work and leisure, and also with materials and tectonic devices to create a cooler microclimate within the building, encouraging daylight and views to the marsh, harvesting and regulating rain water, and creating gardens for biodiversity. The design also takes into account its location by the water, creating garden spaces that act as detention areas during the monsoons, thus preventing the living/workspaces from flooding.

Located on a small foot print of 252.7m2. The building comprises of 4 levels - the ground area has a parking, a kitchen, a model making room and a guest suit with each room opening out into a courtyard. A wide fl ight of steps paved with salvaged stones leads to the 1st floor which comprises the architectural studio, with a lobby, work space. The 2nd floor has meeting area, lounge and library with a northern wing comprising of a bedroom with balcony, and an open to sky bathroom. The upper most level (3rd floor) has a living and entertainment pavilion that overlooks biological ponds with reeds and aquatic plants that cleanse and regulate storm water, a small paddyfields harvested by the marsh forages (birds) and edible gardens. This project uses built and landscape strategies to create cooler microclimate with the building.

Using a simple material palette, with locally available materials. Local wood used for shuttering has been exposed, to create a textural concrete finish. Exposed brick walls with voids have been used as a double skin that thermally insulates the inner concrete surface, an air gap exists between these 2 layers further allows for movement of air and breeze while keeping out glare and noise.Dark cement rendered flooring throughout, with local wood flooring used in the bedroom and entertainment pavilion, salvaged stone flooring in parking and main steps. Waste wood blocks have been used in the design of the doors.

This is project has been designed to create a cooler indoor micro climate through the use of tectonic devices such as double walls, louvres system,courtyards, internal pond, intensive green roof.Southern and Western solar exposure is avoided by creating of a breathing wall of un-plastered bricks that creates a baffle effect. Specially designed double height windows (5m high) with low e glazing offers uninhibited views of the marsh. This additionally provides ample daylight in all work and living areas.By the creation of a large opening and small voids in un-plastered brick walls and baffles create movement of air through Bernoullis principle. Between void wall and internal concrete wall, there a linear shallow fish pond which further cools the air. Noise of the roads is additionally filtered through this breathing screen on the western elevation. Double walls have also been used to conceal building services like plumbing lines.Adjustable vertical glass lovers can control air and the rain entering the interiors. An intensive green roof(greater than 30cm) brings the feeling of a marsh landscape to the uppermost level!

Recent studies conducted by a student dissertation of University of Moratuwa on the building have indicated that the indoor temperature within the building is several degrees cooler than outdoors.□

5 旋轉(zhuǎn)樓梯/Spiral staircase

6 首層平面/Ground floor plan

7 二層平面/First floor plan

8 三層平面/Second floor plan

9 屋頂平面/Roof floor plan

10 剖面/Section

11 總平面/Site plan

12 剖面/Section

1-熱水器/Hot water geyser

2-起遮擋效果的雙層墻/Double wall detail for concealed services

3-10KV太陽(yáng)能/Provision for 10KV solar panel

4-防蚊紗網(wǎng)/Mosquito mesh

5-雨水收集罐/Rainwater harvesting tank

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: Palinda Kannangara

建筑設(shè)計(jì)/Architecture: Palinda Kannangara Architects

景觀建筑/Landscape Architecture: Varna Shashidhar

建筑面積/Floor Area: 382 m2

造價(jià)/Cost: 162,380 USD

攝影/Photos: Sebastian Posingis (fig.1-3,5,16-18), Mahesh Mendis (fig.4,13-15)

13-18 內(nèi)景/Interior views

評(píng)論

崔光海：能夠欣賞樸素和粗糙是一種重要的審美品質(zhì)。這座建筑采用簡(jiǎn)潔現(xiàn)代的形體組合，布局順應(yīng)氣候特點(diǎn)和基地優(yōu)勢(shì)，遮西南敞東北，保證了建筑的舒適性和景觀性，也迎合了住宅對(duì)于私密和開(kāi)敞兩種空間的需求。雙層墻、百葉窗系統(tǒng)、庭院、水池、綠色屋頂?shù)炔粌H是氣候適應(yīng)性策略，創(chuàng)造出舒適的微環(huán)境，更承載了地域性的空間元素和設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言，材料上建筑師大量使用木?；炷?、回收的磚石和木塊等當(dāng)?shù)夭牧?，與窗外的熱帶叢林渾然一體。

丁建華：建筑師的自宅或工作室一直是有趣的建筑學(xué)話(huà)題之一，其往往可以呈現(xiàn)出最原初的設(shè)計(jì)渴望。坎南加拉的工作室住宅無(wú)疑體現(xiàn)出其對(duì)本土氣候的尊重以及對(duì)可持續(xù)設(shè)計(jì)的熱衷。其中最令人印象深刻的，是在垂直向度上對(duì)光的變奏處理：底層空間明暗最為強(qiáng)烈，車(chē)庫(kù)的幽深晦暗恰恰映襯出庭院的明艷動(dòng)人；二、三層工作空間則利用厚重的磚墻遮擋直射陽(yáng)光，以應(yīng)對(duì)斯里蘭卡四季常夏的得熱，而僅通過(guò)北側(cè)通高玻璃、磚墻孔洞與天井漫射補(bǔ)充，因而獲得一種柔光的曖昧與浸潤(rùn)；頂層餐廳則與底層恰恰相反，陽(yáng)光可以自由進(jìn)出室內(nèi)，讓光與暗輪流支配室內(nèi)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自然共融。

Comments

CUI Guanghai:Being able to appreciate simplicity and roughness is an important aesthetic quality. This building adopts a concise and modern combination of geometries. The layout conforms to the climatic characteristics and site advantages, closing the south and west while opening up to the north and east,which ensures the comfort and landscape of the building, as well as caters to the demand of private and open spaces in residential buildings. Double-layered walls, shutters system, courtyards, pools, green roofs are not only climate adaptation strategies to create a comfortable micro-environment, but also bearing regional space elements and design language. In terms of materials, the architect used a large quantity of local materials such as wooden formwork concrete, recycled masonry and wood blocks, which blend well with the tropical jungle outside the window.(Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

DING Jianhua:The architect's home or studio has always been an interesting architectural topic, often a representation of the original design aspirations.Kannangara's studio undoubtedly re fl ects the respect for the local climate and the passion for sustainable design. What is the most impressively is the variation of lights in the vertical direction? The light contrast of the bottom is the strongest, the darkness of the garage re fl ects the brightness of the courtyard. Thefirst and the second floors apply thick brick walls to block direct sunlight to against the heat in Sri Lanka throughout four seasons, and obtain soft lights through the north side of high glasses, brick wall holes and patio. The restaurant on the top is the opposite of the ground floor. The sun shine can come in and move out of the room freely, allowing the light and the dark to dominate the room by turns and to achieve natural integration.