WANG Xiangrong

我們每個(gè)人都居住在不同的社區(qū)里，社區(qū)就是我們的家園。由于社區(qū)的人口結(jié)構(gòu)、居民的生活方式以及社區(qū)的外圍環(huán)境總是在動(dòng)態(tài)地改變著，社區(qū)必然也要通過不斷更新來(lái)滿足居民日益變化的生活需求。

北京大柵欄地區(qū)是我比較熟悉的社區(qū)。前幾年在大柵欄參加北京國(guó)際設(shè)計(jì)周，布展和展覽期間，我們每天都會(huì)來(lái)到這里。我們看到大柵欄的胡同多是兩邊院墻夾峙的灰色通道，沒有什么公共空間，居民居住的院落里也大多擁擠雜亂。然而在一條胡同的轉(zhuǎn)角，我們卻發(fā)現(xiàn)了一處充滿綠色生機(jī)的場(chǎng)景。因?yàn)楦浇娜思以谶@里利用墻邊檐下的邊邊角角，種植了瓜蔓藤豆，將這里變成了一個(gè)充滿生活情趣的小小的逗留空間。這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)角啟發(fā)了我們，如果能充分利用大柵欄的胡同和雜院中的微小空間，種植花卉藤蔓，大柵欄這些胡同的氣氛將完全不同，生活環(huán)境也將更加舒適溫馨。

我們學(xué)院的師生在大柵欄管理部門的支持下，對(duì)幾條胡同的居民進(jìn)行了問卷調(diào)查和走訪，還召開了社區(qū)更新動(dòng)員會(huì)，最后選取了5個(gè)雜院和部分胡同區(qū)段，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)條件和居民的要求與期望，通過整理室外空間，利用邊角空地種植蔬菜和花卉等植物，對(duì)這些雜院進(jìn)行了微更新設(shè)計(jì)，并在居民的支持和配合下最終建成，改變了院子臟亂差的狀況，為居民提供了健康而充滿綠意的環(huán)境。更新后的小院將會(huì)起到以點(diǎn)帶面的作用，為其他住戶的自發(fā)綠化與院落改造提供樣板，從而推動(dòng)這幾條胡同的整體更新。

這些小院的更新是以一種非常謹(jǐn)慎的、漸進(jìn)式方式，并在居民的直接參與下完成的。更新后的小院里還舉辦了社區(qū)植物認(rèn)知體驗(yàn)、胡同更新分享和居民園藝種植交流等一系列活動(dòng)，所以大柵欄的微更新并不僅僅關(guān)注于胡同和雜院的翻新，更關(guān)注的是居民生活品質(zhì)的提升、鄰里之間交往的增進(jìn)和居民社區(qū)認(rèn)同的增強(qiáng)。

大柵欄是北京舊城中一個(gè)典型的社區(qū)。每個(gè)社區(qū)都有各自不同的實(shí)際情況和具體問題，但共同的狀況都是社區(qū)空間有限，大改大建的更新既不可取，又多無(wú)可能。微更新是針對(duì)社區(qū)的問題，尋求合理可行解決方案最合適的方式。當(dāng)然，微更新需要專業(yè)人員的參與，由于社區(qū)微更新項(xiàng)目尺度小、投資少，工作又瑣碎，一般的設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)很難致力于這類項(xiàng)目的實(shí)踐，因而選取合適的社區(qū)規(guī)劃師就是推進(jìn)社區(qū)微更新的有效途徑。

目前，北京市很多街道都有自己的責(zé)任規(guī)劃師，還聘請(qǐng)了高校合伙人，試圖通過這一制度更好地推動(dòng)社區(qū)的更新。我們學(xué)院的老師擔(dān)任了北京市海淀區(qū)9個(gè)街鎮(zhèn)的高校合伙人，我自己就是北太平莊街道的高校合伙人。責(zé)任規(guī)劃師和高校合伙人的主要任務(wù)是聆聽居民的聲音，以居民的切實(shí)需求作為社區(qū)品質(zhì)的提升導(dǎo)向，與街道和居民合作，用自己的專業(yè)技能更好地推進(jìn)街道社區(qū)環(huán)境的更新。我們最近剛完成了北太平莊街道的一個(gè)老舊小區(qū)中一塊宅間綠地的更新，盡管項(xiàng)目面積很小，但工作卻非常復(fù)雜。我們開設(shè)了社區(qū)更新小講堂，對(duì)居民進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查，參加分組討論，從而詳細(xì)了解居民對(duì)場(chǎng)地的需求與想法，在此基礎(chǔ)上完成的更新方案自然受到居民的廣泛認(rèn)可。我們還計(jì)劃未來(lái)讓居民真正參與到社區(qū)公共空間的改造和管理維護(hù)中，以增強(qiáng)居民的社區(qū)認(rèn)同感、歸屬感和責(zé)任感。

社區(qū)微更新看似規(guī)模微小，不過這些微小的改變都貼近社區(qū)居民的生活，直接面對(duì)問題、解決問題，從而能有效改善社區(qū)的環(huán)境質(zhì)量，提升居民的生活品質(zhì)，所以社區(qū)微更新能為社區(qū)居民帶來(lái)實(shí)質(zhì)性的利益。同時(shí)，微更新的過程也為居民提供了更多參與社區(qū)建設(shè)、增進(jìn)相互了解的機(jī)會(huì)。所以社區(qū)微更新并不僅僅是整治和完善社區(qū)的物理空間，同時(shí)也是創(chuàng)建社區(qū)鄰里和睦氛圍和營(yíng)建社區(qū)家園感的契機(jī)。

任何社區(qū)都是在不斷變化的，社區(qū)更新應(yīng)該是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期而持續(xù)的過程。社區(qū)的主人是長(zhǎng)期生活于社區(qū)內(nèi)的居民。對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)說(shuō)，參與社區(qū)更新必須深入了解居民的所思所想，了解他們的生活方式，才會(huì)對(duì)社區(qū)的空間環(huán)境有更加深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。只有讓居民廣泛參與到社區(qū)更新的全過程中，社區(qū)的更新才能順利健康地進(jìn)行。

Each of us lives in a different community,and the community is our home.Because the population structure of the community,the lifestyle of the residents,and the surrounding environment of the community are always changing dynamically,the community must also continuously update to meet the changing needs of the residents.

The Dashilan area in Beijing is a community I am familiar with.I participated in Beijing International Design Week in Dashilan a few years ago.During the preparation and exhibition period,we came here every day.We saw that the hutongs in Dashilan were mostly gray passageways sandwiched between the courtyard walls on both sides.There was no public space,and the courtyards where residents live were mostly crowded and cluttered.However,at the corner of an alley,we found a scene full of green vitality.Because nearby people used the corners and edges under the eaves of the wall to grow vine plants,this place had become a small living space full of life.This corner has inspired us.If we can make full use of the small space in Dashilan's alleys and courtyards,planting flowersand vines,the atmosphere of these alleys in Dashilan will be completely different,and the living environment will be more comfortable and warm.

Teachers and students of our college conducted the questionnaire survey and visits to residents of several alleys with the support of the Dashilan Management Department.They also held a community renewal mobilization meeting.Finally,five courtyards and some hutong sections were selected.Based on the conditions and the requirements and expectations of residents,by sorting out outdoor space,and using open spaces on the corners to plant vegetables and flowers,these courtyards were micro-renewed and designed.With the support and cooperation of residents,they were eventually built,and the dirty and chaotic situationwas changed,providing residents with a healthy and green environment.The renewed small courtyard will play anexemplary role,providing a model for other residents' spontaneous greening and courtyard renovation,thereby promoting the overall renewal of these alleys.

The renovation of these small courtyards was done in a very cautious and gradual manner,with the direct participation of residents.The updated courtyard also hosted a series of activities such as community plant cognition experience,hutong renewal sharing,and residents' horticultural planting exchanges.Therefore,the micro-renewal of Dashilan is not only focused on the renovation of hutongs and courtyards.It is the improvement of the quality of life of residents,the enhancement of communication between neighbors,and the enhancement of the identity of residents.

Dashilan is a typical community in Beijing's old city.Each community has its own different actual conditions and specific problems,but the common situation is that the community has limited space,and the large-scale renovation is neither desirable nor possible.Micro-renewal is the most appropriate way to find reasonable and feasible solutions to community problems.Of course,micro-renewal requires the participation of professionals.Due to the small scale,the small investment,and the trivial work of the community micro-renewal project,it is difficult for general design agencies to commit to the practice of such projects.Therefore,selecting the appropriate community planner is an effective way to promote the community micro-renewal.

At present,many local communities in Beijing have their own responsible planners,and have also invited university partners,trying to better promote community renewal through this system.The teachers of our college have served as the university partners of 9 local communities in Haidian District of Beijing,and I am the university partner of Beitaipingzhuang community.The main task of responsible planners and university partners is to listen to the voices of residents,take the actual needs of residents as the guide to improve the quality of the community,cooperate with the community and residents,and use their professional skills to better promote the local community environment renewal.We have recently completed the renovation of a green space in an old residential area in Beitaipingzhuang community.Although the project area is small,the work is very complicated.We opened a small community renewal lecture,conducted a questionnaire survey of residents,and participated in group discussions with residents to understand the needs and ideas of residents on the site in detail.The renewal plan completed on this basis was naturally widely recognized by residents.We also plan to let residents truly participate in the transformation,management and maintenance of community public space in the future,in order to enhance residents' sense of community identity,belonging and responsibility.

Community micro-renewal seems to be small in scale,but these small changes are close to the lives of community residents,directly facing problems and solving problems,which can effectively improve the environmental quality of the community and enhance the quality of life of residents,so community micro-renewal can bring community residents substantial benefits,and at the same time,the micro-renewal process also provides residents with more opportunities to participate in community construction and enhance mutual understanding.Therefore,community micro-renewal is not only to renovate and improve the physical space of the community,but also an opportunity to create a harmonious atmosphere in the neighborhood and a sense of community.

Any community is constantly changing,and the community renewal should be a longterm and continuous process.The owner of the community is the resident who has long lived in the community.As a designer,participating in the community renewal must have a deep understanding of the residents' thoughts and ideas,and understand their lifestyle,in order to have a deeper understanding of the community's spatial environment.Only when residents are widely involved in the whole process of community renewal can the community renewal proceed smoothly and healthily.