李靜宇 周明 李庚銀
關(guān)鍵詞: 車載充電機(jī); 交錯(cuò)Boost變流器; 零電流開關(guān); 電動(dòng)汽車; LLC諧振變流器; 效率分析
中圖分類號(hào): TN99?34; TM721 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2019)01?0119?05
Abstract: On?board charger (OBC) is a key component of electric vehicle (EV), and supplies the charging access for EV. The fore?stage AC/DC circuit of OBC uses the interleaved Boost converter for power factor correction and DC bus voltage regulation. The post?stage DC/DC converter utilizes the full?bridge LLC resonant converter to control the charging voltage and charging power. The efficiency of the interleaved Boost converter is calculated, and efficiency of the LLC resonant converter is optimized. A 3.3 kW OBC prototype was developed, whose overall efficiency and power factor can reach up to 94.9% and 99.5% respectively. The efficiency of interleaved Boost converter and LLC resonant converter can reach up to 97.7% and 97.6% respectively. The power density of OBC can reach up to 1.05 kW/L.
Keywords: on?board charger; interleaved Boost converter; zero current switching; electric vehicle; LLC resonant converter; efficiency analysis
限于車載空間和體積,載充電機(jī)(On?Board Charger,OBC)須以高功率密度[1]、高效率為設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),同時(shí)還須有電氣隔離、良好的PF和THD性能。OBC典型電路結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示。
前級(jí)AC/DC承擔(dān)功率因數(shù)矯正和穩(wěn)定直流母線電壓的功能,后級(jí)DC/DC提供電氣隔離,控制輸出電壓和功率。傳統(tǒng)BoostPFC的電流應(yīng)力大[2],電感體積大,電流紋波大,影響直流母線電容壽命。交錯(cuò)BoostPFC(Interleaved Boost Power Factor Correction,IBPFC)具有電流紋波小、電感體積小[3]、效率高、功率密度高、PF和THD高的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
LLC具有無噪音、軟開關(guān)、效率高、輸出電壓范圍寬、無反向恢復(fù)[4]等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但OBC的負(fù)載對(duì)象為DC 230~430 V的蓄電池,輸出高壓時(shí),易失去ZCS特性;輸出低壓時(shí),原邊關(guān)斷損耗增加。因此,實(shí)現(xiàn)寬輸出電壓范圍內(nèi)LLC的高效率是必須要解決的難題[5]。
本文將兩級(jí)電路拓?fù)鋺?yīng)用于3.3 kW OBC,交錯(cuò)BoostPFC進(jìn)行功率因數(shù)校正、穩(wěn)定直流母線電壓。對(duì)PFC的效率進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的計(jì)算和優(yōu)化,其峰值效率高于97.7%,THD<4%,PF>0.99。從時(shí)域分析角度對(duì)LLC的效率進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,LLC的峰值效率超過97.6%。
研制一臺(tái)高功率密度、高效率3.3 kW OBC樣機(jī),其體積僅有3.1 L,功率密度超過1.05 kW/L,輸出電壓范圍為230~430 V,整機(jī)峰值效率超過94.9%。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 王曉遠(yuǎn),高鵬,趙玉雙.電動(dòng)汽車用高功率密度電機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)[J].電工技術(shù)學(xué)報(bào),2015,30(6):53?59.
WANG Xiaoyuan, GAO Peng, ZHAO Yushuang. Key technology of high power density motors in electric vehicles [J]. Tran?sactions of China electrotechnical society, 2015, 30(6): 53?59.
[2] 張藝文,金科.一種單級(jí)式高功率因數(shù)無電解電容AC/DCLED驅(qū)動(dòng)電源[J].中國電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào),2015,35(22):5851?5858.
ZHANG Yiwen, JIN Ke. A single?stage electrolytic capacitor?less AC/DC LED driver with high input power factor [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(22): 5851?5858.
[3] 謝玲玲,龔仁喜,李畸勇.光伏發(fā)電最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤交錯(cuò)并聯(lián)Boost變換器的動(dòng)力學(xué)特性分析[J].中國電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào),2013,33(6):38?46.
XIE Lingling, GONG Renxi, LI Jiyong. Analysis of the dyna?mical characteristics of the interleaved boost converter in maximum power point [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(6): 38?46.
[4] 孫孝峰,申彥峰,朱云娥,等.一種Boost型寬電壓范圍輸入LLC諧振變換器[J].中國電機(jī)工程學(xué)報(bào),2015,35(15):3895?3904.
SUN Xiaofeng, SHEN Yanfeng, ZHU Yune, et al. A Boost?integrated LLC resonant converter for wide input voltage range [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(15): 3895?3904.
[5] YILMAZ M, KREIN P T. Review of battery topologies, char?ging power levels, and infrastructure for plug?in electric and hybrid vehicles [J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2013, 28(5): 2151?2169.
[6] MICHEAL O L. An interleaving PFC pre?regulator for high?power converters [R]. US: Texas Instruments Inc., 2006.
[7] IVENSKY G, BRONSHTEIN S, ABRAMOVITZ A. Approximate analysis of resonant LLC DC?DC converter [J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2011, 26(11): 3274?3284.
[8] STEIGERWALD R L. A comparison of half?bridge resonant converter topologies [J]. IEEE transactions on power electro?nics, 1988, 3(2): 174?182.
[9] LEE I O, MOON G W. The k?Q analysis for an LLC series re?sonant converter [J]. IEEE transactions on power electronics, 2014, 29(1): 13?16.
[10] HURLEY W G,WOLFLE W H.應(yīng)用于電力電子技術(shù)的變壓器和電感:理論、設(shè)計(jì)與應(yīng)用[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2014:47?51.
HURLEY W G, WOLFLE W H. Transformers and inductors power electronics: theory, design applications [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2014: 47?51.