文/陳明明

把中文內(nèi)在含義明確表述出來

4. 觀

中文“觀”含義較廣，英文要根據(jù)具體語境靈活處理。

培育和踐行社會主義核心價值觀

cultivate and observe core socialist values

堅持總體國家安全觀

pursue a holistic approach to national security

樹立共同、綜合、合作、可持續(xù)的新安全觀

foster new thinking on common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security

引導(dǎo)人們樹立正確的歷史觀、民族觀、國家觀、文化觀

see that the people develop an accurate understanding of history, ethnicity,country, and culture（此處，“正確”未用“correct”，而用了“accurate”，更到位）

中國秉持共商共建共享的全球治理觀。

China follows the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration in engaging in global governance.

5. 全面

“全面”是報告中使用頻率最高的詞之一，在翻譯中根據(jù)英語表達(dá)特點(diǎn)使用了多種譯法，均很到位。

全面建成小康社會

build a moderately prosperous society in all respects

全面深化改革

deepen reform in all areas / We have taken comprehensive steps to deepen reform.

堅持全面從嚴(yán)治黨

exercise full and rigorous governance over the Party

全面推進(jìn)依法治國

advance law-based governance（“全面”未譯出，已含）

全面從嚴(yán)治軍

govern the military with strict discipline in every respect

“四個全面”

the four-pronged comprehensive strategy: to make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform,advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance（有新聞機(jī)構(gòu)譯成“four comprehensives”，不知所云）

改革全面發(fā)力、多點(diǎn)突破、縱深推進(jìn)，著力增強(qiáng)改革系統(tǒng)性、整體性、協(xié)同性，壓茬拓展改革廣度和深度。

We have taken moves across the board, achieved breakthroughs in many areas, and made deeper progress in reform. We have pursued reform in a more systematic, holistic, and coordinated way, increasing its coverage and depth.

社會主義協(xié)商民主全面展開。

Socialist consultative democracy is flourishing.（“全面”未直譯）

全面節(jié)約資源有效推進(jìn)。

Across-the-board efforts to conserve resources have seen encouraging progress.

牢牢掌握憲法和基本法賦予的中央對香港、澳門全面管治權(quán)。

We have ensured that the central government exercises its overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong and Macao as mandated by China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.

全面推進(jìn)中國特色大國外交，形成全方位、多層次、立體化的外交布局。

We have made all-round efforts in the pursuit of major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics, thus advancing China’s diplomatic agenda in a comprehensive, multilevel, multifaceted way.

全面加強(qiáng)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)

We have made sweeping efforts to strengthen Party leadership.

推動人的全面發(fā)展、社會全面進(jìn)步

promote well-rounded human development and all-round social progress（英文也有a well-rounded individual/student/person等表述）

全黨要深刻領(lǐng)會新時代中國特色社會主義思想的精神實(shí)質(zhì)和豐富內(nèi)涵，在各項(xiàng)工作中全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹落實(shí)。

Everyone in the Party should develop a good grasp of the essence and rich implications of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully and faithfully apply it in all our work.

我國物質(zhì)文明、政治文明、精神文明、社會文明、生態(tài)文明將全面提升。

New heights are reached in every dimension of material, political, cultural and ethical, social, and ecological advancement.

全面增強(qiáng)執(zhí)政本領(lǐng)

strengthen every dimension of our ability for governance

全面實(shí)施市場準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單制度

We will introduce a negative list for market access nationwide.

建立全面規(guī)范透明、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)科學(xué)、約束有力的預(yù)算制度。

We will put in place a comprehensive, procedure-based, transparent budget system that uses well-conceived standards and imposes effective constraints.

推動形成全面開放新格局

make new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts / in all areas

展現(xiàn)真實(shí)、立體、全面的中國

present a true, multi-dimensional, and panoramic view of China

全面從嚴(yán)治黨永遠(yuǎn)在路上

Ensuring Party self-governance is exercised fully and strictly is a journey to which there’s no end.

培養(yǎng)德智體美全面發(fā)展的社會主義建設(shè)者和接班人

nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good and all-round moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and are wellprepared to join the socialist cause

6. 精神

“精神”在我國政治語匯中使用頻率較高，不一定都按字面直譯為spirit。要根據(jù)語境靈活翻譯，要特別避免使用spiritual的譯法，因spiritual有很強(qiáng)的宗教指向。

全黨要充分認(rèn)識這場偉大斗爭的長期性、復(fù)雜性、艱巨性，發(fā)揚(yáng)斗爭精神，提高斗爭本領(lǐng)，不斷奪取偉大斗爭新勝利。

Every Party member must fully appreciate the long-term, complex, and onerous nature of this great struggle; we must be ready to fight, build our ability,and keep striving to secure new victories in this great struggle.（“精神”未譯）

中國特色社會主義文化是激勵全黨全國各族人民奮勇前進(jìn)的強(qiáng)大精神力量。

The culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics is a powerful source of strength that inspires all members of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups in China.（“精神”未直譯）

全黨要深刻領(lǐng)會新時代中國特色社會主義思想的精神實(shí)質(zhì)和豐富內(nèi)涵，在各項(xiàng)工作中全面準(zhǔn)確貫徹落實(shí)。

Everyone in the Party should develop a good grasp of the essence and rich implications of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully and faithfully apply it in all our work.（“精神”未直譯）

為人民提供精神指引

provide a source of cultural and moral guidance for our people（注意：不能用spiritual guidance）

弘揚(yáng)民族精神和時代精神

foster a Chinese ethos and a readiness to respond to the call of our times

滿足人民過上美好生活的新期待，必須提供豐富的精神食糧。

To meet the people’s new aspirations for a better life, we must provide them with rich intellectual nourishment.（也可加 cultural）

激發(fā)和保護(hù)企業(yè)家精神，鼓勵更多社會主體投身創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)。

We will inspire and protect entrepreneurship, and encourage more entities to make innovations and start businesses.（“精神”可不譯：“工匠精神”為workmanship，“運(yùn)動員精神”為sportsmanship，均無須譯spirit）

以時不我待、只爭朝夕的精神，奮力走好新時代的長征路

lose no time in progressing along the long march of the new era（“精神”未譯）

貫徹十八大精神

put the guiding principles from our 18th National Congress into action