陳能革 潘祖瑛

(1.馬鋼集團(tuán)礦業(yè)有限公司；2.中鋼集團(tuán)馬鞍山礦山研究院有限公司；3.馬鞍山礦山研究院爆破工程有限責(zé)任公司;4.金屬礦山安全與健康國家重點實驗室)

某露天采石場生產(chǎn)規(guī)模為50萬t/a，采用移動履帶式潛孔鉆機(jī)進(jìn)行深孔鑿巖，孔徑115 mm，炸藥采用乳化炸藥。該采石場爆破規(guī)模為每次爆破單段最大炸藥量不超過200 kg，每次爆破總炸藥量不超過4.5 t，采用非電導(dǎo)爆管雷管起爆系統(tǒng)起爆[1]。該采石場南側(cè)有1條高鐵隧道，該隧道通車頻率較高。目前，隧道局部區(qū)域出現(xiàn)裂縫，為確保隧道安全，有必要詳細(xì)分析采石場生產(chǎn)爆破振動對該隧道的影響。

1 生產(chǎn)爆破振動測試

本研究采用TC3850型測振儀獲取爆破振動數(shù)據(jù)[2]。在采石場生產(chǎn)爆破期間，沿著高鐵隧道方向布置了1條測線，每次爆破布置4～5臺測振儀進(jìn)行爆破振動測試工作。根據(jù)爆破中心及隧道位置，為確保監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)能夠真實反映爆破振動的衰減情況，在測振過程中布置了若干測點。測點布置方法是將加工后的基座砸入臨時測點地面，鋼板平面與地面貼實且保持水平[3]。TC3850型測振儀的傳感器為垂直方向、水平徑向和水平切向三合一傳感器，使用石膏將傳感器直接固定于水泥地基或鋼板平面上，傳感器X軸對準(zhǔn)震源，Z軸與水平面垂直。

本研究根據(jù)6次爆破振動測試(表1)數(shù)據(jù)的回歸分析，得出的爆破振動合速度衰減規(guī)律的薩道夫斯基公式為

2 爆破振動對高鐵隧道的影響

依據(jù)《爆破安全規(guī)程》(GB 6722—2014)及《中國地震烈度表》(GB/T 17742—2008)，考慮到高鐵隧道等交通建(構(gòu))筑設(shè)施的重要性，為確保安全，該露天采石場生產(chǎn)爆破在隧道處產(chǎn)生的爆破振動最大安全允許振速取6.0 cm/s。根據(jù)上式，求得不同距離、不同最大段藥量對應(yīng)的爆破振動合速度，如表2所示。采石場目前開采區(qū)與高鐵隧道的最近距離為500 m，由表2可知：當(dāng)?shù)V山最大段藥量分別為50，100，150，200 kg時，高鐵隧道最近點的振動速度分別為0.04，0.06，0.09 cm/s，均小于本研究選取的爆破安全允許振動速度6 cm/s[4]，表明該采石場爆破振動對于隧道的影響在安全允許范圍內(nèi)。

3 結(jié) 語

通過進(jìn)行爆破測振試驗，分析了某露天采石場生產(chǎn)爆破振動對其附近某高鐵隧道的影響，研究表明：只要該采石場生產(chǎn)爆破的最大單段起爆藥量不超過200 kg，其對高鐵隧道的影響可忽略不計；此外，該采場宜采用更為有效的減振控制爆破技術(shù)，加強爆破安全技術(shù)工作。爆破時，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格按照《爆破安全規(guī)程》(GB 6722—2014)確定爆破安全警戒范圍并進(jìn)行有效警戒。

表1爆破振動監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)

序號測點編號水平爆心距R/m最大段藥量Q/kg垂直速度/(cm/s)主頻率/Hz水平徑向速度/(cm/s)主頻率/Hz水平切向速度/(cm/s)主頻率/Hz合速度v/(cm/s)11#101.02#166.73#439.4500.798 216.6670.922 315.7480.642 913.7931.139 90.172 421.9780.287 625.0000.200 28.8110.313 00.049 513.4230.049 69.9500.061 38.3330.075 621#115.52#181.13#453.72000.997 515.0381.370 810.9890.780 512.9871.490 20.274 521.5050.347 616.1290.327 219.2310.439 20.068 011.3640.076 97.7820.070 28.0320.102 231#76.72#153.03#262.04#449.85#954.01001.258 723.8100.921 129.4121.478 927.3971.540 60.153 119.0480.184 611.1110.320 013.6990.355 70.053 426.3160.105 022.7270.092 521.7390.113 40.034 610.4170.035 914.8150.035 810.6950.047 60.012 025.7800.018 726.6670.022 836.3640.023 841#89.22#201.13#311.44#496.15#1015.02000.840 824.0960.608 916.6671.244 031.7461.322 70.135 020.2020.255 922.4720.200 223.2560.284 50.094 430.7690.103 827.3970.100 025.3160.137 20.047 210.8110.024 823.5290.048 512.8210.066 90.013 271.4290.016 445.4550.021 620.0000.024 451#90.62#152.63#273.34#360.61001.183 411.2990.801 411.6281.179 613.8891.520 70.454 818.0180.717 921.2770.557 317.5440.754 30.110 515.0380.071 725.6410.177 711.2360.178 90.091 013.1580.068 29.7090.098 320.2020.122 661#76.42#178.13#344.14#431.51000.838 318.8681.456 915.7480.922 019.8021.690 70.318 719.0480.525 417.8570.560 917.8570.600 60.108 110.0500.242 27.8120.012 339.2160.245 50.091 010.8700.023 640.8160.071 510.2560.092 3

表2不同距離、不同最大段藥量對應(yīng)的振動速度

R/m振動速度/(cm/s)50607080901001101201301401501601701801902005000.040.040.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.070.070.080.080.080.090.095250.040.040.040.050.050.050.060.060.060.070.070.070.070.080.080.085500.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.070.070.070.075750.030.030.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.060.070.076000.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.060.060.060.060.066250.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.050.060.060.066500.020.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.050.050.056750.020.020.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.050.057000.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.050.050.057250.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.040.057500.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.040.040.047750.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.040.048000.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.040.040.048250.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.048500.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.030.038750.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.030.039000.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.030.039250.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.030.039500.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.030.030.039750.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.030.031 0000.010.010.010.010.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.03