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1

When Sandra was a child， her family was very poor， but she wanted （bad） to believe that her poverty was just a temporary situation， so she looked toward stories （escape）. Her favorite book （check） out of the library over and over again was called The Little House. Throughout Sandras life， she had to move between cities， never （allow） her much time to get settled in one place. Her （separate） from family drove her to bury herself in books. Though reading a lot， according to Sandra， she didnt really start writing she attended her first creative writing class in college. She then realized that she needed to write what she knew， and purpose she adopted a writing style opposite to that of her classmates. Admission to Loyola University she earned a BA in English was a turning point for her. Sandras writing （shape） by her experiences since then. She doesnt just make up （character）， but writes about real people that she has encountered.

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2

In order to know a foreign language thoroughly， four things are necessary. Firstly， we must understand the language

1 we hear it spoken. Secondly， we must be able to speak it ourselves 2 （correct） with confidence and without 3 （hesitate）. Thirdly， we must be able to read the language， and fourthly， we must be able to write it.

There is no easy way to success in language learning. A good memory is a great help， but it is not enough only 4

（memorize） rules from a grammar book. It is no much use 5 （learn） by heart long lists of words and their meanings. We must learn 6 using the language. If we are 7 （satisfy） with only a few rules we 8 （understand）， we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those 9 are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practice speaking and 10 （write） the language whenever we can.

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3

Visitors to Britain may find the best place to enjoy local culture in a traditional pub. But newcomers may get into trouble in these friendly pubs. Strangers may start with the （difficult） of getting a drink. Most pubs have no waiters—you have to go to the bar to buy drinks. This may not sound （convenience）， but English people are used to doing so.

Pub culture is formed （help） people get along with each other. Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others （wait） for drinks. The bar counter is （possible） the only place in Britain a friendly conversation with strangers （consider） to be entirely proper and really quite normal behavior. ， if you do not follow the local rules， you may fail to feel the local culture. For example， if you are in a big group， is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff （angry） than a group of strangers standing in front of the bar while they chat and wonder what to order.

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4

Wood-block printing first appeared in the early Tang period. During the Song dynasty， the technique of block printing was very （advance）. Books were beautifully printed. Even today the books （print） at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.

However， block printing （be） not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be carved on a wood block， and a big book would require many blocks. Besides， there had to be large places for storing the books. （overcome） these shortcomings， Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. One word was carved on one piece of clay， was hardened with fire. Then clay characters （set） on an iron plate according to the text of a book. Then ink was applied to them and （sheet） of paper spread over them， and the printing was done. Bi Shengs invention made printing faster and easier before. Later， movable type of metal and wood was made and widely used.

The technique of printing was gradually known to other Asian countries and Europe. The great influence printing had the advance of civilization is too clear to need any （explain）.

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5

Chinese teahouses are the traditional ancient cafes of the east for getting together and chatting with friends and generally （pass） the time. The teahouse has become a place for people to not only drink tea and relax， experience Chinese culture， hold social activities， host private parties and conduct business （negotiate）.

The teahouse recreates the character of old Beijing， makes it a must for foreigners， who， from around the world， come to China （appreciate） Beijing Opera， drama and other Beijing folk arts， as well as drink tea. Jasmine tea is the favorite of many old Beijingers， who love （it） pure， clear taste and strong fragrance. Its （definite） on the menu at the Lao She Teahouse.

Dawan tea is just as famous the long-spouted （長(zhǎng)壺嘴的） teapot. The Chinese name means “inexpensive tea in a big tea bowl” and it is another old Beijing teahouse specialty. It （say） that the founder of Lao She Teahouse （start） his business by serving Dawan tea for just two cents each. And today its the only teahouse still serving Dawan tea at such a low price， though theres no profit in it.

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6

If you go out to the fields at night in spring or summer， you can hear frogs singing 1 （joy） here and there. It seems as if they were performing a field symphony.

The frog is a good and useful creature that 2 （ benefit） human beings. They can catch fast-moving insects. Each frog eats a large number of pests that are 3 （harm） to crops. This little creature is regarded 4 “ the natural enemy of pests”.

But now frogs are getting 5 （few）. This is because they are killed and put on the table as a delicious dish by their chief enemy—human beings. It is a shameless and cruel act， isnt it？ Another cause responsible 6 the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insecticides （殺蟲劑） to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of drinking poisoned water or 7 （eat） poison-killed insects.

Something must be done without delay 8 （save） frogs. If we dont punish those 9 sell and kill frogs to make money， then one day all of us 10 （punish） by nature for failing to keep the balance of nature.

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7

Many kinds of music can stir the imagination and produce strong feeling. For some people， romantic composers such as Chopin increase （feel） of love and sympathy. Religious and spiritual music can help some people feel peace. one musician seems to have a unique ability of healing the human body—Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Scientists （find） Mozarts music to be remarkable in its ability 4 （calm） its listeners. It can also help them express themselves more clearly.

Many amazing cases have been documented using Mozart as a healing aid. For example， a tiny baby 5 （name） Krissy， who weighed just 1.5 pounds at birth， was on total life support. Doctors thought she had little chance of survival. Her mother insisted 6 playing Mozart for Krissy， and thought it saved her daughters life. Krissy lived， but she was very small for her age and 7 （slow） than the average child. At the age of four， she showed 8 interest in music and her parents gave her violin lessons.

To their 9 （astonish）， Krissy was able to play musical pieces from memory that were far beyond the ability of an average four-year-old. 10 （play） music helped her improve in all areas of her life.

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8

The Dutch are used to living in a country which is always exposed to dangers of deadly floods. A country with a half of its land below sea level cannot afford （ignore） the problem of rising sea level， and Holland， which has already spent about $2.5 trillion on flood （prevent）， plans to invest more over the next century. Life in these challenging circumstances （inspire） the Dutch to develop many excellent methods of fighting floods already. （Thank） to the skill of Dutch engineers， flooding in Holland is rarely widespread， and is instead limited certain areas of the country. Two such areas are the valleys of the Rhine and the Meuse Rivers. In spite of large flood wall， these rivers regularly flood the （surround） areas. During dry times， however， those areas are perfectly pleasant to live in. One solution that （develop） now is a type of house that seems normal in every day， except that it can float during times of high water rather than （simple） sink beneath the waves as normal houses would. Groups of houses would form floating neighborhoods in people could live together during times of high water， temporarily getting around by boat the flood ends.

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