周松良 涂金鑫

Abstract： During the technical preparation of a new ship-to-air missile before loading， it is necessary to carry out the test of all-bomb connection， and to realize the fault detection and elimination， so as to ensure the connectivity of the missile circuit system. Based on multi-sensor fusion tracking recognition and correlation spectrum feature extraction， a fault detection technique for missile joint test is proposed. The sensor array is used to collect the output signal of ship-to-air missile's full projectile connectivity circuit. The spectrum analysis and association rule feature extraction are used to extract the fault feature， and the spectrum decomposition and fuzzy decision are applied to the missile test signal. The spectral feature extraction method is used to mine the associated attribute features of the transmission information of the ship-to-air missile joint test system， and the fault category is judged according to the difference of the distribution of the associated attributes. To realize the accurate detection and identification of ship-to-air missile joint test fault， the hardware design of ship-to-air missile joint test fault detection system is carried out， mainly including the AD module of the fault detection system and the program loading module. Human-machine interaction module is also developed in hardware. The simulation results show that the fault diagnosis ability of this method is good and the ability to distinguish fault features is better. The fault detection efficiency of the joint test during the preparation of the missile stage conversion technology is improved.

引言

隨著人工智能和控制制導(dǎo)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，導(dǎo)彈逐漸成為主要的艦載武器，在防空和反導(dǎo)作戰(zhàn)中發(fā)揮重要作用。當(dāng)前列裝國內(nèi)海軍的某新型艦空導(dǎo)彈可以在中低空范圍內(nèi)對抗大規(guī)?，F(xiàn)代武器的空中襲擊和導(dǎo)彈攻擊[1]。在該型艦空導(dǎo)彈的裝艦前技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備過程中，需要進(jìn)行全彈的連通性測試，從而排除導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試過程中的故障，判別艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)故障的產(chǎn)生原因和機(jī)理，由此準(zhǔn)確實(shí)現(xiàn)艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)的故障定位和識(shí)別，確保艦空導(dǎo)彈作戰(zhàn)過程的穩(wěn)定性，研究艦空導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測方法具有重要意義[2]。

艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)的故障類別很多，常見的如電路連通性故障、制導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)故障、控制系統(tǒng)故障以及動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)故障等，需要采用全彈聯(lián)調(diào)性測試方法進(jìn)行導(dǎo)彈故障檢測，提高導(dǎo)彈的工況穩(wěn)定性，在各類故障狀態(tài)下的艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試的故障特征屬性不一樣，通過提取各類故障狀態(tài)下的艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行工況特征數(shù)據(jù)，結(jié)合艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試的故障特征分類識(shí)別方法，進(jìn)行艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試的故障檢測。傳統(tǒng)方法中，主要的檢測方法有模式識(shí)別方法、時(shí)頻特征分析方法、譜分析方法等[3-5]，結(jié)合相關(guān)的特征提取和故障定位方法，進(jìn)行量化融合跟蹤識(shí)別，提高導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測能力。其中，文獻(xiàn)[6]中提出一種基于敏感元件量化融合的艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)故障診斷方法，采用敏感傳感器進(jìn)行艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)的故障數(shù)據(jù)采集，對采集的艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)的故障關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行多傳感器量化融合處理，實(shí)現(xiàn)故障檢測，但該方法在故障檢測中抗干擾能力不強(qiáng)，自適應(yīng)性能不好。文獻(xiàn)[7]中提出深度學(xué)習(xí)和模糊決策的艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)故障檢測方法，采用相空間重構(gòu)方法提取艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障分布的高維特征量，采用K-L壓縮器進(jìn)行艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試的輸出故障特征降維，提高了艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)的故障特征分辨能力和診斷效率，該方法進(jìn)行故障檢測的實(shí)時(shí)性不好，對導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)性測試的故障檢測性能不好。

針對上述問題，本文提出一種基于多傳感器融合跟蹤識(shí)別和關(guān)聯(lián)譜特征提取的導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測技術(shù)，采用傳感器陣列進(jìn)行艦空導(dǎo)彈的全彈連通性電路輸出信號(hào)采集，對采集的信號(hào)采用譜分析和關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則特征提取方法進(jìn)行故障特征提取，對導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試信號(hào)進(jìn)行頻譜分解和模糊決策，采用譜特征提取方法進(jìn)行艦空導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試系統(tǒng)傳輸信息的關(guān)聯(lián)屬性特征挖掘，根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)屬性分布的差異性進(jìn)行故障類別判斷，實(shí)現(xiàn)對艦空導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障的準(zhǔn)確檢測和識(shí)別。最后進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)分析，展示了本文方法在提高艦空導(dǎo)彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測能力方面的優(yōu)越性能。

1艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測原理和故障信號(hào)模型構(gòu)建

1.1問題描述和故障檢測原理

艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試的系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，敏感元件較多。艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測中，需要進(jìn)行故障特征檢測，對艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測的根本是故障信號(hào)特征提取，結(jié)合關(guān)聯(lián)故障特征分解和譜分析方法，進(jìn)行艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試的故障檢測和信息特征識(shí)別[8]，采用自適應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分類方法，進(jìn)行艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測和診斷決策，根據(jù)上述分析，得到本文設(shè)計(jì)的艦空導(dǎo)彈全彈聯(lián)調(diào)測試故障檢測的總體結(jié)構(gòu)模型如圖1所示。