周青 傅雅麗 張瑞金 劉帥妹 林寧 吳玉璘 許豪勤

[摘要] 目的 了解江蘇部分地區(qū)人群對(duì)出生缺陷預(yù)防知識(shí)知曉情況及其態(tài)度與獲取途徑，為出生缺陷一級(jí)預(yù)防宣傳教育提供依據(jù)。 方法 采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的形式，從2016年11月～2017年6月對(duì)江蘇鎮(zhèn)江、泰興、睢寧和連云港4個(gè)地區(qū)人群進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，內(nèi)容包括個(gè)人特征、出生缺陷預(yù)防知識(shí)及知識(shí)來(lái)源等。 結(jié)果 本次調(diào)查共發(fā)放2143份問(wèn)卷，其中有效問(wèn)卷2057份，有效率為96.0%。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，調(diào)查對(duì)象的出生缺陷預(yù)防知識(shí)知曉率6.6%～96.7%，其中男性知曉率為4.9%～96.3%，女性知曉率為7.3%～96.9%；不同文化程度，家庭人均年收入以及不同職業(yè)對(duì)知識(shí)的知曉情況存在差異，部分問(wèn)題的知曉率隨著文化程度的增高而增加（P < 0.05）；不同職業(yè)中干部、教師和醫(yī)生的知曉率高于工人、農(nóng)民和商人等其他職業(yè)（P < 0.05）；知曉率隨家庭人均年收入增高而增加（P < 0.05）。預(yù)防知識(shí)獲取主要途徑為報(bào)紙、廣播電視和宣傳資料，90.2%的調(diào)查對(duì)象希望得到出生缺陷預(yù)防相關(guān)知識(shí)。 結(jié)論 需加大出生缺陷預(yù)防知識(shí)的宣傳，提供因人而異的宣傳教育，提供便捷有效的知識(shí)獲取途徑，提高群眾出生缺陷預(yù)防知識(shí)的認(rèn)知水平。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 出生缺陷；一級(jí)預(yù)防；知曉率；文化水平

[中圖分類號(hào)] R169.1 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210（2018）06（c）-0040-05

[Abstract] Objective To understand the status of knowledge， attitude and demands of birth defect prevention among the responds in Jiangsu Province in order to provide the bases for the service modes of primary prevention work of birth defect. Methods A survey was made among the responds from Zhenjiang， Taixing， Suining and Lianyungang from November 2016 to June 2017， and the contents of questionnaire contained personal characteristics， the knowledge of birth defect prevention and sources of knowledge. Results A total of 2143 questionnaires were collected and the valid questionnaires were 2057， with an effective rate of 96.0%. The survey indicated that the levels of the knowledge of birth defect prevention were 6.6%-96.7%. The male awareness rates were 4.9%-96.3% and the female awareness rates were 7.3%-96.9%. The levels of knowledge of birth defect prevention varied in different education level， per capita annual income of the family and careers. The awareness rates of the some items were increased with the education level （P < 0.05）. The awareness rates of some items of cadres， teachers and doctors were higher than that of labors， farmers， businessmen and the other careers （P < 0.05）. The awareness rates of some items were increased with per capita annual income of the family （P < 0.05）. The responds understood the knowledge mainly through newspapers， radio and television and publicity materials and 90.2% of them wanted to get knowledge of birth defect prevention. Conclusion It is important to increase the publicity of birth defects prevention knowledge and provide the education varying from person to person， and a convenient and effective way of knowledge acquisition to improve the levels of the knowledge of birth defect prevention.

[Key words] Birth defect； Primary prevention； Awareness rate； Education level

出生缺陷是一種先天性疾病，其是指嬰兒在出生前身體結(jié)構(gòu)，代謝或功能發(fā)生異常。環(huán)境因素和基因突變、染色體畸變等遺傳因素，也可由這兩者相互作用或者一些未知的原因引起嬰兒發(fā)育異常導(dǎo)致出生缺陷[1]。出生缺陷通常表現(xiàn)為染色體異常、先天畸形、功能異常如聾、啞、智力障礙和遺傳代謝疾病等[2]。根據(jù)《中國(guó)出生缺陷防治報(bào)告（2012）》統(tǒng)計(jì)[3]，我國(guó)是出生缺陷高發(fā)的國(guó)家，出生缺陷發(fā)生率達(dá)到4%～5%，按照每年2000萬(wàn)嬰兒降生，有80萬(wàn)～100萬(wàn)出生缺陷[4]。出生缺陷是導(dǎo)致早期流產(chǎn)、死胎、圍生兒死亡、嬰幼兒死亡和先天殘疾的主要原因，不但嚴(yán)重危害兒童生存和生活質(zhì)量，影響家庭幸福和諧，也會(huì)造成巨大的潛在壽命損失和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，因此必須加強(qiáng)出生缺陷預(yù)防相關(guān)知識(shí)的宣傳教育。本次調(diào)查擬了解江蘇部分地區(qū)人群對(duì)出生缺陷預(yù)防知識(shí)知曉情況，態(tài)度及獲取途徑，為出生缺陷一級(jí)預(yù)防宣傳教育提供依據(jù)。