寫(xiě)作是對(duì)學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的綜合能力的考查，是最能體現(xiàn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)水平的一種檢測(cè)方式。學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作的過(guò)程當(dāng)中經(jīng)常暴露一些弱點(diǎn)、犯一些錯(cuò)誤?，F(xiàn)對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)作文中的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤按語(yǔ)法類(lèi)別進(jìn)行歸納，并舉以實(shí)例，希望同學(xué)們能夠由此發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的問(wèn)題并及時(shí)改正！

一、名詞

寫(xiě)作中，學(xué)生們常把握不好名詞的數(shù)、所有格以及一些集合名詞的用法。

1.He gave me a very good advice yesterday.

點(diǎn)撥：句中的a要去掉，因?yàn)閍dvice是不可數(shù)名詞。一些漢語(yǔ)概念為可數(shù)的詞在英語(yǔ)中卻是不可數(shù)的，表示數(shù)量時(shí)在其前加a piece of，類(lèi)似的詞有news,bread,work,paper,chalk,furniture,information等。

2.That girl loves reading book.

點(diǎn)撥：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠詞，或?qū)⑵渥優(yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。此處最好變?yōu)閎ooks。

3.He went into a book's shop and bought a dictionary.

點(diǎn)撥：一般表示有生命的東西的名詞的所有格用's，如my mother's car,而此處適宜用名詞修飾名詞，改為a book shop。

4.My family is watching TV.

點(diǎn)撥：一些集合名詞如看成一個(gè)整體，則用單數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如My family is a happy one;如強(qiáng)調(diào)集合中每個(gè)個(gè)體的個(gè)人行為，則用復(fù)數(shù)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處看電視是個(gè)體行為，應(yīng)把is改為are。類(lèi)似的詞有team,class,audience等。

5.I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.

點(diǎn)撥：中學(xué)階段以“o”結(jié)尾的名詞中有四個(gè)詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要加es，它們是tomato,potato,Negro,hero;其余的都加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。

6．This has nothing to do with their believes.（這和他們的信仰沒(méi)關(guān)系。）

點(diǎn)撥：以f,fe結(jié)尾的詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)一般去f,fe加ves，如knife—knives,thief—thieves;而roof和belief直接加s變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。所以應(yīng)把believes改為beliefs。

二、冠詞

7.The boss wants to hire an useful person.

點(diǎn)撥：用a還是an，取決于后面單詞的第一個(gè)音標(biāo)，如為元音用an，為輔音用a。useful的第一個(gè)音是輔音所以應(yīng)把a(bǔ)n改為a。類(lèi)似的，我們說(shuō)a European country。

8．Plane is a machine that can fly.

點(diǎn)撥：plane為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，不能單獨(dú)放在句中，應(yīng)在其前加冠詞或把它變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，而本句后有a machine,因此只能在其前面加a，變?yōu)锳 plane。

9．He played a piano at the party yesterday.

點(diǎn)撥：把a(bǔ)改為the，因?yàn)椤皃lay+樂(lè)器名詞樂(lè)器”結(jié)構(gòu)中，樂(lè)器名詞前用定冠詞。

10．The machine was invented in 1920s.

點(diǎn)撥：在in后加the，因?yàn)楸硎灸甏胕n加the再加幾十的復(fù)數(shù)，如在八十年代in the 80s。

11．Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.

點(diǎn)撥：去掉the，因?yàn)楸硎窘煌ǚ绞接胋y直接加交通工具。

三、代詞

使用代詞時(shí)請(qǐng)注意其單、復(fù)數(shù)，主、賓格以及形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法。

12．He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.

點(diǎn)撥：定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是those speakers，為復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句中的指示代詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)把his改為their。

13．Whom do you think has left the lights on？

點(diǎn)撥：放在疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞后的do you think/believe/guess/imagine/suppose等都不參與句子成分，把它們?nèi)サ艉?，疑?wèn)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)用主格，作賓語(yǔ)用賓格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把Whom改為Who。

14．The boss pretended not to see John and I.點(diǎn)撥：John和I在句中都作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把I改為me。15．These books are mine;those in the bag are her.

點(diǎn)撥：Her是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應(yīng)該加名詞books，或把her改為hers。

四、數(shù)詞

16．There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.

點(diǎn)撥：Hundred/thousand/million/score/dozen等詞前有具體數(shù)字時(shí)后不加s，前面沒(méi)有具體數(shù)字時(shí)在其后加s和of，表示大約幾百幾千的概念。如 two hundred students（兩百個(gè)學(xué)生），hundreds of students（成百上千個(gè)學(xué)生）。例句中應(yīng)把hundreds改為hundred。

17．Their school is twice as larger as our school.點(diǎn)撥：表倍數(shù)關(guān)系的as——as中間只能用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)。因此把larger改為large。

18．Today's homework is a five-hundred-words composition.

點(diǎn)撥：幾個(gè)單詞由連字符連接而組成的復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞只能用單數(shù)，所以把five-hundred-words改為five-hundred-word。

19．Two third of the students in our school are from America.

點(diǎn)撥：英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中分?jǐn)?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于一時(shí)分母后要加s，所以就把third改為thirds。

五、形容詞和副詞

形容詞和副詞容易被誤用，形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是應(yīng)注意的重點(diǎn)。

20．The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.

點(diǎn)撥：appear在此是個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。所以把nervously改為nervous。

21．The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.

點(diǎn)撥：此句需要一個(gè)副詞來(lái)修飾，hardly是副詞，但意為 “幾乎不”，hard也可以是副詞，表努力，因此把hardly改為hard。

22．This shirt is more cheaper than that one.

點(diǎn)撥：More只構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，而不能修飾比較級(jí)。因此把more去掉。

23．He is the most successful of the two businessmen.

點(diǎn)撥：兩者相比較時(shí)，比較級(jí)前用定冠詞，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改為more。

24．He works less harder than he used to.

點(diǎn)撥：表“不如……”時(shí)用less加上形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，因此把harder改為hard。

25．The book is fairly more interesting than that one.

點(diǎn)撥：fairly只能修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，可以修飾比較級(jí)的副詞或短語(yǔ)有much,even,still,far,a lot,a little,a bit,any,no,by far,rather等，因此把fairly改為rather。

26．This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.

點(diǎn)撥：as...as中間的詞序是as加上形容詞加上a(n)加上名詞再加上as，因此應(yīng)改為as interesting a story as the one。

27．The weather here is nicer than Xizang.

點(diǎn)撥：同樣的事物才能相比較，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此應(yīng)改為T(mén)he weather here is nicer than that of Xizang。

28．I would rather take a train than went by bus.

點(diǎn)撥：本句為 “would rather do...than do...”句型，因此把went改為go。

29．Is there interesting anything at the meeting?

點(diǎn)撥：修飾anything,something,everything,nothing的形容詞都要放在它們的后面。

30．I never have seen such a person before.

點(diǎn)撥：像never之類(lèi)的副詞在句中應(yīng)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前。因?yàn)閼?yīng)改為I have never seen such a person before。

31．The book is worth to be read.

點(diǎn)撥：be worth doing意為值得被做。因此改為T(mén)he book is worth reading。

32．It is sure that he will succeed.

點(diǎn)撥：sure的主語(yǔ)只能為人，而certain的主語(yǔ)可為人和物。因此把sure改為certain。

33．He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.

點(diǎn)撥：alive為表語(yǔ)形容詞，偶爾也作后置定語(yǔ)。因此把a(bǔ)live改為living，或把a(bǔ)live放在writers后面。34．I don't know that he has finished the work yet.點(diǎn)撥：yet用于否定和疑問(wèn)句，already用于肯定句。把yet改為already。

35．He said nearly nothing at the meeting.

點(diǎn)撥：nearly不與否定詞用在同一個(gè)句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly改為almost。

六、介詞

36．He usually goes to school by his father's car.

點(diǎn)撥：by加上名詞表示一種交通方式，中間什么都不加，如by car,by bus,by plane等；如果名詞前有其他的詞修飾，則應(yīng)除by以外的其他介詞，此處把by改為in。

37．Please wait me at the school gate.

點(diǎn)撥：wait為不及物動(dòng)詞，需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。

38．He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.

點(diǎn)撥：marry不跟 with連用，應(yīng)把with改為to。

39．I finished the work on time under the help of him.

點(diǎn)撥：“在……的幫助下”用with而不用under。

40.He into the classroom alone.

點(diǎn)撥：英語(yǔ)中的有些介詞翻譯成中文時(shí)常具有“動(dòng)詞”的含義，但不能作謂語(yǔ)。應(yīng)在“into”前加上went。

七、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

41．He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.

點(diǎn)撥：表特別有把握的肯定判斷時(shí)用must，表特別有把握的否定判斷時(shí)用can,can表判斷時(shí)只用在否定句中。因此把can改為must。

42．He need come here before the meeting begins.

點(diǎn)撥：作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)need用在否定，疑問(wèn)和條件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)則可以。所以應(yīng)改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins。

43．He used to get up very early in the morning,and now he is still doing so.

點(diǎn)撥：used to用來(lái)表示過(guò)去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不了，所以應(yīng)把后半句改為：but now he is not doing so。

44．I needn't come yesterday because all the work had been finished.

點(diǎn)撥：由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以在談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事情時(shí)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加 have done，因此在needn't后加have。

45．You hadn't better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.

點(diǎn)撥：had better的否定在 better后面加not。

八、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

英語(yǔ)的常用時(shí)態(tài)有十六種，一般根據(jù)上下文和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。

46．I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.

點(diǎn)撥：主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，其時(shí)間、條件、方式和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此將will come改為comes。

47．The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.

點(diǎn)撥：be about to一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因此把in ten minutes去掉。

48．The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looking at the captain and then died.

點(diǎn)撥：此處look并非伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而是三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此把looking改為looked。

49．I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.

當(dāng)句中有for加一段時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此處把bought改為kept。

50．I haven't learnt any English before I came here.

點(diǎn)撥：我來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，在此之前發(fā)生的事應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。因此應(yīng)把haven't改為hadn't。