建筑設(shè)計(jì)：1+1＞2 建筑事務(wù)所

一年之中，大部分村民都要到城鎮(zhèn)里去謀生。其他人留在家中繼續(xù)辛勤地干農(nóng)活。追求更好生活的努力讓他們精疲力盡。他們沒有任何時(shí)間關(guān)心自己和孩子的教育、文化與精神追求。

此外，城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)之間由于城市化和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展拉大的差距使社會(huì)關(guān)系日漸松散，面臨瓦解的危險(xiǎn)。在偏遠(yuǎn)的村莊，公共活動(dòng)空間、幼兒園、醫(yī)療站、郵局、圖書館似乎都是一種奢望。倘若有任何這些，都是非常臨時(shí)性、形式化和無(wú)特色的。

我們的多功能社區(qū)之家就是在這種背景下產(chǎn)生的。它有很好的風(fēng)水，背靠大山、面朝山谷，能避免風(fēng)暴和山洪。

總體空間結(jié)構(gòu)分多層建成。第一個(gè)是舉行戶外活動(dòng)的開敞庭院。主起居空間在中間層，有兩個(gè)樓層。樓上是帶圖書館和會(huì)客區(qū)的幼兒園。各種功能靈活穿插在一起。帶草坪的寬敞涼廊是建筑的綠色部分，視野極好。底層的設(shè)計(jì)貼合下凹的坡地，以便利用地溫。它能避免東北季風(fēng)（冬天干燥寒冷），并接收東南季風(fēng)（使建筑冬暖夏涼）。開敞空間通往下一層，去往山中和竹林。底層是村民聚集起來(lái)從事副業(yè)的地方。尤其是兒童和老人，可以在一年中極冷或極熱的時(shí)候待在這里。

采用對(duì)流風(fēng)道、用橢圓空間貫穿各樓層、草坪帶、坡地收分和露天屋頂?shù)脑O(shè)想，使這一切與前部后部、室內(nèi)室外、樓上樓下連為一體，形成了一條連續(xù)的開敞空間鏈。

在這片文化融合的土地上，占多數(shù)的京族和占少數(shù)的芒族已經(jīng)和諧生活了很久。所以，這座建筑的形態(tài)繼承了京族傳統(tǒng)建筑的五開間結(jié)構(gòu)和芒族的傳統(tǒng)干闌建筑的形式。

其建筑理念是簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)、利用當(dāng)?shù)夭牧希⒆裱粋€(gè)原則：在多樣對(duì)比中實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一。

底層由粗石墻、竹門、細(xì)竹天花組成，使人在室內(nèi)感到溫暖、安定。樓上為下帶重石的夯土墻，還有竹椽和棕櫚葉屋頂。

此外有太陽(yáng)能電池系統(tǒng)、過(guò)濾雨水收集箱、節(jié)能LED、無(wú)污染的五隔間化糞池。它們是創(chuàng)造綠色建筑、提高能效、實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境友好的測(cè)試方案。

村民的家為自建。他們將享受空間的高效性與多種要素的實(shí)用性：石頭、土、竹子、葉子、空氣、風(fēng)、太陽(yáng)、叢林的聲音——希望一旦這個(gè)作品建成，就會(huì)加強(qiáng)社區(qū)的聯(lián)系，促進(jìn)地區(qū)認(rèn)同的鞏固、維系和發(fā)展。

這是一條適宜的道路。憑借其成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這個(gè)多功能社區(qū)之家的模式可以復(fù)制到鄉(xiāng)村內(nèi)地。□（尚晉 譯）

1 外景/Exterior views

2 外景/Exterior views

All year round most villagers go to towns and cities to earn their living. The rest stay home and continue to do farm work very hard. The struggle for a better life makes them exhausted. They don't have any time for them and their children to think of education as cultural and spiritual development.

Besides, the increase gap between urban and rural areas due to the urbanisation and the economic development has made the social relationship increasingly loose and be in danger of disintegration.In the remote villages, the spaces for communal activities, kindergartens, health care stations,post offices, libraries seem luxurious. If there is any of those, it is very temporary, formalistic and characterless.

Our multi-functional community house was created in this context. It has good Feng Shui, i.e.leaning against mountains, avoiding storms and floods, and facing towards the valley.

The overall spatial structure is constructed in layers. The first one is the open courtyard where holds the outdoor activities. The main living space is in the middle layer, consisting of two floors.Upstairs is located a kindergarten in combination with a library and a meeting area. The functions interlock flexibly. Wide veranda with lawns acts as a green part of the house with high visibility. Ground floor is designed to fit the concave slopes, utilises geothermal. It can avoid east northern monsoon(which is very dry and cold in winter) and collect east-southern monsoon (making the house warm in winter and cool in summer). Open space leads to the next layer, towards the mountains and the bamboo forests. On the ground floor, villagers gather, doing the sidelines. Especially, children and the elderly may be staying here during the very cold or hot times of the years.

The idea of providing a convection wind tunnel,the ellipsoid space through floors, the grass strips,slopes taper, exposure roof, etc. are all connected with the front and the back, the interior and the exterior, the upstairs and the downstairs, creating a continuous chain of open space.

The majority Kinh people and the minority Muong people have lived in harmony in the land of acculturation for a long time. Therefore, morphological of the house has inherited the structure of five-room traditional house of Kinh people as well as traditional stilt house of Muong people.

Structure idea is simple, economical, utilising the availability of local materials and following this principle of unity in diversity by contrast.

Ground floor is made of rugged-stone wall,bamboo doors, fine-bamboo ceiling those make people feel warm and balanced in the house. Upstairs is made of rammed-earth wall with heavy stones beneath, bamboo rafters, and palm leaves roof.

There are solar cell system, filter rainwater collection tanks, monsoon, power-saving LEDs, and five-compartment septic tanks which is not polluted.The architectural solutions are green architecture,energy efficient and environmentally friendly.

The villagers build their own houses and will enjoy the efficiency of space and the utility of each element: stone, earth, bamboo, leaves, air, wind, sun,jungle sounds. Hopefully once this work is carried out, it shall strengthen the bonds of community,contributing to the consolidation, maintenance and development of the regional identity.

This is a proper way. With its good experiences,the model of multi-functional community house could be replicated in the rural midland areas.□

3 外景/Exterior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

地點(diǎn)/Location: 索熱村，良山縣，和平省，越南/Suoi Re village, Luong Son dis, Hoa Binh province, Vietnam

負(fù)責(zé)建筑師/Architects in Charge: Hoang Thuc Hao, Nguyen Duy Thanh

攝影/Photos: 1+1＞2 Architects

4 建造中/Under construction

5 地方材料與當(dāng)?shù)毓と?Local material and local workers

6 外景/Exterior view

7 總平面/Site plan

8 首層平面/Ground floor plan

9 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

10 望向運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)/View to sport yard

評(píng)論

何崴：正如中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村的很多地方一樣，作為新興建筑設(shè)計(jì)樂(lè)園的越南也迎來(lái)建筑設(shè)計(jì)的“新時(shí)代”。越南本土的年輕建筑師，建筑團(tuán)隊(duì)以地域性的視角思考建筑問(wèn)題，并將之放入國(guó)際的語(yǔ)境中去，顯然本案是這些成果案例中的一個(gè)。從本案的思路中可以看到越南當(dāng)代本土建筑設(shè)計(jì)的影子：原生態(tài)材料，改良過(guò)的傳統(tǒng)工法，自然思考和社會(huì)關(guān)懷……

李燁：這是一座快樂(lè)的建筑，一座將當(dāng)?shù)夭牧虾蛡鹘y(tǒng)建筑工藝展現(xiàn)的淋漓盡致的建筑。

建筑的材料建構(gòu)關(guān)系非常清楚，從下而上：石材、夯土、竹結(jié)構(gòu)檐廊、蒲葵屋頂、陽(yáng)光板采光，幾種材料被有條不紊按照由重到輕的狀態(tài)羅列，創(chuàng)造了不同氛圍的空間體驗(yàn)，也使建筑的可讀性很強(qiáng)。每種材料使用了對(duì)應(yīng)的傳統(tǒng)建構(gòu)方式，并有部分創(chuàng)新。這種設(shè)計(jì)方式使整個(gè)房子看上去很像一座傳統(tǒng)建筑工藝的百科全書；設(shè)計(jì)者也利用了這種方式，使建筑恰當(dāng)?shù)娜谌肷鐓^(qū)，創(chuàng)造了一種歡樂(lè)的氛圍。

Comments

HE Wei: Like many places in Chinese countryside,Vietnam, as a paradise for emerging architecture design, also enters into a "new era". Young designers and architecture cooperation think about architectural issues from a local perspective while maintain their conversation with international contexts. The project is certainly a successful example of its kind. Its design strategy reflects the features of contemporary local design of architecture in Vietnam: natural materials, improved traditional construction methods,philosophy of nature and social concerns for the community... (Translated by ZHANG Jingqiu)

11 內(nèi)景/Interior views

12 內(nèi)景/Interior views

13 內(nèi)景/Interior views

LI Ye: This is a happy building, a building that fully demonstrates the local materials and the traditional architectural craftsmanship.

The structural relationship of the construction materials is very clear, from the bottom to the top:stone, rammed earth, bamboo-structure eaves gallery,Chinese fan palm roof, hollow sheet for daylight, all these materials are orderly ranked based on the order from heavy to light, creating a spatial experience of different atmosphere and also accomplishing a highly readable architecture. Each of these materials is used in its corresponding traditional construction way, with certain degree of innovation. This design method makes the whole house look like an encyclopaedia of traditional architectural crafts; and the designer has made full use of this method to integrate the building into the community in an appropriated way and create a happy atmosphere.