靖青秀,王云燕,柴立元,唐崇儉,黃曉東,郭 歡,王 魏,游 威
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硅藻土?鎢渣基多孔陶粒對(duì)離子型稀土礦區(qū)土壤氨氮淋濾液的吸附
靖青秀1, 2,王云燕1,柴立元1,唐崇儉1,黃曉東2,郭 歡2,王 魏2,游 威2
(1. 中南大學(xué) 冶金與環(huán)境學(xué)院,長(zhǎng)沙 410083;2. 江西理工大學(xué) 冶金與化學(xué)工程學(xué)院,贛州 341000)
為實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)鎢渣資源化利用以及“以廢治廢”的目標(biāo),以硅藻土和工業(yè)鎢渣為主要原料制備多孔陶粒,研究陶粒對(duì)離子型稀土礦區(qū)土壤淋濾液中氨氮的吸附去除規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:近球狀的硅藻土?鎢渣基陶粒表面粗糙多孔,內(nèi)部有大量貫穿孔洞與表面相連通,陶粒的主要物相組成含有MnFe2O4;在試驗(yàn)溶液初始pH范圍內(nèi),當(dāng)pH=5.68左右時(shí),陶粒對(duì)溶液中氨氮的吸附量達(dá)最大;隨著試驗(yàn)溫度的升高,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附去除量降低;在溫度為303 K、陶粒投加量為0.5 g的條件下,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的飽和吸附量為1.60 mg/g;陶粒對(duì)氨氮的等溫吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型;據(jù)此可推斷,對(duì)于實(shí)際稀土礦區(qū)土壤的氨氮淋濾液,所制備陶??捎行コ渲邪钡饺コ^(guò)程易于進(jìn)行,且隨溫度的降低,其對(duì)氨氮的去除量增大;在實(shí)際淋濾液的pH值存在范圍內(nèi),當(dāng)pH=5.68左右時(shí),陶粒對(duì)淋濾液中氨氮的吸附去除量將達(dá)到最大值。
離子型稀土礦區(qū);多孔陶粒;鎢渣;土壤氨氮淋濾液;吸附
南方離子型稀土礦是我國(guó)特有的極其重要的戰(zhàn)略性資源[1?2]。經(jīng)原地浸礦后,該礦種礦區(qū)土壤中殘留大量氨氮,在雨水等的作用下,形成的淋濾液給周邊土壤、地下水系等造成嚴(yán)重的氨氮擴(kuò)散性污染,導(dǎo)致水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化及水質(zhì)急劇惡化等環(huán)境問(wèn)題發(fā)生[3?6]。因此,亟需對(duì)離子型稀土礦區(qū)土壤中形成的氨氮淋濾液進(jìn)行脫氮凈化處理。氨氮淋濾液是屬于氨氮廢水的一種,目前,針對(duì)氨氮廢水的處理方法主要有生物法、折點(diǎn)氯化法、膜分離法、離子交換法、氧化法、吸附法等[7?10]。其中,吸附法具有操作簡(jiǎn)單、節(jié)能高效、氨回收利用率高等諸多優(yōu)勢(shì)[8, 11],有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景,但吸附劑成本過(guò)高是該法難以推廣應(yīng)用的主要限制性因素。因此,亟需研發(fā)低成本、易制備的氨氮吸附材料,以高效低成本去除廢水中氨氮。
陶粒是一種內(nèi)部呈蜂窩狀微孔的陶瓷材料,具有耐高溫、耐腐蝕、筒壓強(qiáng)度大等特點(diǎn),可作為優(yōu)良的吸附或過(guò)濾材料[12]。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)陶粒處理氨氮廢水方面已有一些研究報(bào)道。BAO等[13]以坡縷石黏土為主要原料制備了多孔陶粒,可有效去除廢水中氨氮。ZHAO等[14]分別以Kanuma黏土和Akadama黏土為原料制備了陶粒吸附劑,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在氨氮初始濃度為10000 mg/L、陶粒投加量20 g/L、吸附時(shí)間480 min的條件下,該陶粒對(duì)氨氮的最大吸附量可達(dá)75.5 mg/g。王文東等[15]以污泥為原料制備了多孔陶粒,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)該陶粒對(duì)氨氮有較好的吸附去除效果,且吸附過(guò)程是自發(fā)吸熱的。LIU等[16]以鐵尾礦為原料制備了多孔陶粒,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)該陶??捎行摮龔U水中氨氮。因此,陶粒在氨氮廢水吸附處理方面有著良好的應(yīng)用前景。
且我國(guó)鎢冶煉過(guò)程產(chǎn)生大量廢渣,目前,鎢渣主要以堆存處理為主,其累積堆存量近年來(lái)已達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)噸[17],這不僅存在嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境安全隱患,還造成資源的極大浪費(fèi)。若能將鎢渣制成陶粒,以吸附去除廢水中氨氮,則可望解決上述資源環(huán)境問(wèn)題。但鎢渣是一種低硅渣,單獨(dú)使用無(wú)法燒制成型,需添加含高硅的成分,以助于其燒結(jié)成型。因此,本文作者以鎢渣、價(jià)廉含高硅的硅藻土為主要原料,制備多孔陶粒,研究其對(duì)廢水中氨氮的脫除規(guī)律,研究結(jié)果以期有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)鎢渣資源化利用、“以廢治廢”并降低成本的多重目標(biāo),并為離子型稀土礦區(qū)土壤淋濾液中氨氮的脫除實(shí)踐提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
試驗(yàn)所用鎢渣取自贛南某鎢冶煉廠,其主要元素及含量見(jiàn)表1。鎢渣的主要物相為鐵錳的氧化物、水合鋁硅氧化物、鈣氧化物、錫氧化物等,鎢渣中未檢出放射性元素超標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)所用硅藻土購(gòu)自天津市福晨化學(xué)試劑有限公司,添加劑高嶺土等購(gòu)于贛州市贛滬試劑店。鎢渣經(jīng)破碎、洗滌后,于110 ℃下干燥5 h,經(jīng)研磨后過(guò)孔徑125 μm篩網(wǎng),備用。試驗(yàn)試劑除特別指明外均為分析純級(jí)。
表1 鎢渣所含主要元素及其含量
按一定配比稱取硅藻土、鎢渣、助燒劑和造孔劑后,充分混勻,加入少量去離子水濕混造粒(粒徑為2~8 mm),經(jīng)陳化烘干后,于燒結(jié)爐中燒結(jié)成型,后隨爐冷卻,制得陶粒樣品備用。
采用TM3030型掃描電子顯微鏡觀察陶粒樣品的外觀形貌與結(jié)構(gòu)。采用Empyrean型X射線粉末衍射儀(Cu靶,K射線,為0.1542 nm,角度范圍5°~80°)測(cè)定樣品的物相結(jié)構(gòu)。采用ALPHA型傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀分析樣品的結(jié)構(gòu),樣品與KBr的質(zhì)量比為1:100。采用UV?2802型紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度計(jì)測(cè)定溶液中氨氮的含量。
1) 用NH4Cl試劑配制一定量設(shè)定初始質(zhì)量濃度的模擬氨氮淋濾溶液。分別量取50 mL設(shè)定初始濃度的氨氮溶液移入各100 mL具蓋聚乙烯瓶中,再分別加入設(shè)定量的上述所制備陶粒后,調(diào)節(jié)溶液pH至設(shè)定值,在一定溫度下振蕩吸附,吸附平衡后取出樣品離心過(guò)濾,濾液采用納氏試劑分光光度法測(cè)定其中氨氮質(zhì)量濃度e,并根據(jù)式(1)計(jì)算氨氮的吸附量e:
式中:e為陶粒對(duì)氨氮的平衡吸附量,mg/g;0為吸附前溶液中氨氮的初始質(zhì)量濃度,mg/L;e為吸附平衡時(shí)溶液中氨氮的質(zhì)量濃度,mg/L;為吸附溶液體積,mL;為吸附劑質(zhì)量,g。
2) 準(zhǔn)確量取一組設(shè)定初始濃度的氨氮待吸附溶液各50 mL,分別置于100 mL聚乙烯瓶中,均投加設(shè)定量陶粒搖勻后,置于振蕩器中恒溫振蕩,于不同吸附時(shí)間間隔取樣分析,測(cè)定溶液中氨氮的質(zhì)量濃度,并根據(jù)式(2)計(jì)算時(shí)刻的氨氮吸附量Q:
式中:為時(shí)刻溶液中氨氮的濃度,mg/L;Q為時(shí)刻陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附量,mg/g。
選用準(zhǔn)一級(jí)速率方程、準(zhǔn)二級(jí)速率方程、顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散方程3種模型對(duì)動(dòng)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,研究吸附過(guò)程的動(dòng)力學(xué)特點(diǎn)。
3) 等溫吸附
分別準(zhǔn)確量取初始濃度為10、15、20、25、30、40、50 mg/L的氨氮溶液各50 mL置于100 mL聚乙烯瓶中,均加入0.5 g陶粒并混勻后,分別在288、303、318 K溫度下等溫振蕩吸附,待吸附平衡后取出樣品,離心過(guò)濾后測(cè)定濾液中氨氮濃度e,并根據(jù)式(1)計(jì)算平衡吸附量e。
試驗(yàn)所制得硅藻土?鎢渣基陶粒的SEM像和XRD譜分析結(jié)果分別如圖1和2所示。由圖1可見(jiàn),陶粒表面粗糙多孔,內(nèi)部有大量貫穿孔洞與表面相連通,這使得陶粒具有較大比表面積,將有利于對(duì)氨氮等污染物的吸附去除。
由圖2可知,所制得陶粒的主要物相組成為鐵錳尖晶石(MnFe2O4)PDF#38—0430、二氧化硅(SiO2)PDF#82—1564、鈣硅石(Ca2Si)PDF#03—0798、硅酸鈣(CaSiO3)PDF#88—1922等。有研究表明[18],MnFe2O4對(duì)氨氮具有良好的吸附能力。對(duì)陶粒的紅外分析結(jié)果中,在1000、790和569 cm?1處分別有Si—O—Si基團(tuán)的不對(duì)稱伸縮振動(dòng)峰、Si—O伸縮振動(dòng)吸收峰、Fe—O的特征峰[19?21],1650 cm?1處較弱峰值顯示為陶粒中水分子的振動(dòng)吸收峰[22]。由紅外光譜檢測(cè)結(jié)果結(jié)合XRD檢測(cè)結(jié)果可知,試驗(yàn)所制得陶粒結(jié)構(gòu)中含有大量如Fe—O等極性基團(tuán)的存在,這將有利于對(duì)溶液中NH4+等的吸附。
根據(jù)HJ/T299—2007[23]和GB 5085.3—2007[24]對(duì)制得的陶粒進(jìn)行了浸出毒性物質(zhì)試驗(yàn)與毒性物質(zhì)濃度檢測(cè),結(jié)果如表2所示。
圖1 陶粒樣品的照片及顆粒內(nèi)部孔結(jié)構(gòu)SEM像
圖2 陶粒樣品的XRD譜
表2 多孔陶粒浸出毒性物質(zhì)及其含量
由表2可知,陶粒的浸出毒性物質(zhì)濃度均符合國(guó)標(biāo)要求,該陶??蓱?yīng)用于氨氮廢水處理。
2.2.1 溶液初始pH值對(duì)NH4+?N吸附量的影響
因?yàn)殡x子型稀土礦區(qū)土壤淋濾液中的氨氮主要來(lái)源于礦土中所吸附氨氮的解吸,隨解吸條件的不同如雨水量大小的不同,淋濾液中氨氮的濃度會(huì)不同,一般在幾十到幾百mg/L之間。試驗(yàn)選擇氨氮初始濃度為50 mg/L的模擬淋濾液為研究對(duì)象,另在陶粒投加量0.5 g、溫度303 K的條件下,考察溶液不同初始pH值對(duì)NH4+?N吸附去除量的影響,結(jié)果如圖3所示。
由圖3可知,溶液初始pH值的變化對(duì)氨氮吸附去除量有較大的影響。當(dāng)溶液初始pH<5.68時(shí),隨著pH值的增大,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附量增大。分析原因是由于pH值較低時(shí),溶液中H+離子濃度較高,H+會(huì)和陶粒表面某些極性基團(tuán)發(fā)生離子交換或絡(luò)合作用,導(dǎo)致許多吸附位點(diǎn)被H+占據(jù), H+對(duì)NH4+產(chǎn)生了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)吸附[25],阻礙了陶粒對(duì)NH4+的吸附;隨著pH值的升高,溶液中H+離子濃度降低,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)吸附減弱,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附量就隨溶液初始pH值的增大而增大。但當(dāng)pH>5.68左右后,溶液中NH4+會(huì)逐漸發(fā)生水解轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?NH3·H2O,且隨著pH值的增大,該水解反應(yīng)會(huì)加劇向右進(jìn)行,導(dǎo)致溶液中游離NH4+的濃度急劇下降,即可供陶粒吸附的NH4+濃度急劇降低,最終陶粒對(duì)氨氮的平衡吸附量也就快速下降。因此,當(dāng)溶液初始pH值為5.68時(shí),該陶粒對(duì)溶液中氨氮的吸附去除效果最佳。由此,應(yīng)用該陶粒處理實(shí)際淋濾液時(shí),可調(diào)節(jié)淋濾液初始pH值為5.68左右,以獲得較佳的氨氮去除效果。
圖3 溶液初始pH值對(duì)氨氮吸附去除量的影響
2.2.2 溫度對(duì)陶粒與氨氮吸附過(guò)程的影響
試驗(yàn)研究了在不同溫度條件下氨氮吸附平衡濃度與陶粒對(duì)氨氮的平衡吸附量間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如圖4所示。由圖4可知,在同一溫度下,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的平衡吸附去除量隨氨氮初始濃度以及吸附平衡濃度的增大而增大;而在同一初始濃度下,隨著溫度的升高,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的平衡吸附去除量減少。當(dāng)溫度由288 K升至318 K過(guò)程中,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的平衡去除量由0.87 mg/g降至0.82 mg/g再降至0.771 mg/g。這說(shuō)明升溫不利于陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附去除,由此推斷,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附可能是一個(gè)放熱過(guò)程;應(yīng)用該陶粒處理實(shí)際淋濾液時(shí),在更低的溫度下可獲得更好的氨氮去除 效果。
圖4 不同溫度對(duì)氨氮吸附去除量的影響
2.2.3 氨氮初始濃度對(duì)陶粒對(duì)NH4+?N吸附量的影響
試驗(yàn)研究了在=303 K,陶粒投加量為0.5 g的條件下,氨氮初始濃度0與陶粒對(duì)NH4+?N平衡吸附量e間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,結(jié)果如圖5所示。由圖5可見(jiàn),當(dāng)氨氮初始濃度低于500 mg/L 左右時(shí),陶粒對(duì)氨氮的平衡吸附量e隨0的增大而增大,當(dāng)0=500 mg/L左右時(shí),e達(dá)最大值為1.60 mg/g,后再增大溶液中氨氮初始濃度,陶粒對(duì)NH4+?N的平衡吸附量基本保持不變。這說(shuō)明當(dāng)溶液中氨氮初始濃度達(dá)500 mg/L左右時(shí),陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附達(dá)飽和,飽和吸附量e(max)=1.60 mg/g。因此,在對(duì)實(shí)際稀土礦區(qū)土壤氨氮淋濾液進(jìn)行處理的過(guò)程中,可根據(jù)淋濾中的初始氨氮濃度、淋濾液體積結(jié)合此飽和吸附量數(shù)據(jù),大致推算出處理過(guò)程所需的陶粒投加量,以實(shí)現(xiàn)陶粒的最大利用率。
圖5 氨氮初始濃度與陶粒對(duì)氨氮平衡吸附量間的關(guān)系(T=303 K, 陶粒投加量0.5 g)
對(duì)等溫吸附試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分別采用Langmuir[26]、Freundlich[27]、D-R[28]和Temkin[29]等溫模型擬合,這4種模型分別如式(3)~(6)所示:
式中:F為Freundlich常數(shù);為經(jīng)驗(yàn)常數(shù)。
式中:m2為D-R模型最大吸附量,mg/g;是與吸附能有關(guān)的D-R模型常數(shù),mol2/J2;為D-R方程波蘭尼吸附能,=ln(1+1/e)。
式中:T為平衡結(jié)合常數(shù),L/mg;T為與吸附熱有關(guān)的Temkin常數(shù)。
上述4種模型對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的擬合結(jié)果如圖6和表3所示。
由圖6和表3的擬合結(jié)果可知,在3種溫度下,4種模型中Langmuir和Freundlich模型的線性擬合相關(guān)系數(shù)2較高,尤其是前者,擬合度均達(dá)0.97以上。因Langmuir模型是基于吸附為單層吸附,所有吸附位點(diǎn)及其吸附能力均相同的假設(shè)基礎(chǔ)上推導(dǎo)而來(lái)[30],故而可推斷,在試驗(yàn)陶粒吸附氨氮的過(guò)程中,單分子層吸附作用更明顯;對(duì)于Langmuir模型的分離平衡常數(shù)L,如其值處于0~1之間,可認(rèn)為吸附過(guò)程屬于優(yōu)惠吸附[31],通過(guò)計(jì)算得出R的值均在0.1438~0.6022之間,說(shuō)明試驗(yàn)陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附屬于優(yōu)惠吸附;又表3中Langmuir模型單層理論最大吸附量m是隨著試驗(yàn)溫度的升高而降低的,說(shuō)明升溫會(huì)導(dǎo)致氨氮飽和吸附量降低,即升溫不利于吸附的進(jìn)行,這與前述研究結(jié)果一致。
Freundlich模型是基于吸附為非均質(zhì)表面吸附的假設(shè)而建立[32],若模型中0.1<1/<1,則吸附是易于進(jìn)行的[33]。根據(jù)表3中滿足0.1<1/<1,說(shuō)明試驗(yàn)陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附易于進(jìn)行。
D-R模型基于吸附過(guò)程是一種孔填充而不是逐漸的表層覆蓋系統(tǒng),吸附機(jī)理是建立在波蘭尼吸附勢(shì)基礎(chǔ)上,吸附劑表面是不均勻的[28]假設(shè)下推導(dǎo)而成。試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)D-R模型的擬合程度偏低,2均不超過(guò)0.5,說(shuō)明波蘭尼吸附勢(shì)不是影響該陶粒吸附氨氮的主要因素,即吸附過(guò)程不僅僅只限于孔填充。
由上述分析可知,試驗(yàn)陶粒對(duì)溶液中氨氮的等溫吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,且升溫不利于該吸附過(guò)程的進(jìn)行。由此可推斷,對(duì)于實(shí)際稀土礦區(qū)土壤淋濾液,試驗(yàn)陶粒對(duì)其中氨氮的吸附屬于優(yōu)惠吸附,吸附過(guò)程易于進(jìn)行,而升溫不利于該吸附過(guò)程的進(jìn)行。
圖6 陶粒與氨氮的等溫吸附模型線性擬合圖
表3 陶粒與氨氮的等溫吸附模型線性擬合計(jì)算結(jié)果
采用準(zhǔn)一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程(式(7))[34],準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程(式(8))[35],顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散方程(式(9))[36]對(duì)吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖7和表4、5。
式中:為吸附時(shí)間;1為準(zhǔn)一級(jí)速率常數(shù),min?1。
式中:2為準(zhǔn)二級(jí)速率常數(shù),g/(mg·min)。
式中:p為顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散速率常數(shù),(mg?min?0.5)/g;為常數(shù),mg/g。
綜上可知,試驗(yàn)陶粒對(duì)溶液中氨氮的吸附去除過(guò)程更符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,吸附過(guò)程受液膜擴(kuò)散、顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散和表面吸附等多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)控制。據(jù)此可近似認(rèn)為,試驗(yàn)陶粒對(duì)實(shí)際稀土礦區(qū)土壤淋濾液中氨氮的去除過(guò)程更符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,其吸附去除過(guò)程受液膜擴(kuò)散、顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散和表面吸附多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)控制。
圖7 陶粒吸附去除氨氮的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型擬合結(jié)果
表4 陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附準(zhǔn)一級(jí)和準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程擬合計(jì)算結(jié)果(T=303 K)
表5 陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散模型擬合計(jì)算結(jié)果(T=303 K)
利用Van’t-Hoff方程(10)[37]對(duì)不同溫度下陶粒吸附溶液中氨氮的等量吸附焓進(jìn)行擬合計(jì)算,擬合結(jié)果如圖8所示。
式中:Δ為等量吸附焓;為摩爾氣體常數(shù);ln0為常數(shù)。
圖8 Vant-Hoff公式線性擬合結(jié)果
1) 由硅藻土、鎢渣為主要原料制備的陶粒表面粗糙多孔,內(nèi)部有大量貫穿孔洞與表面相連通,陶粒具有較大的比表面積;其主要物相組成中含有MnFe2O4,這有利于其對(duì)溶液中氨氮等污染物的吸附去除。
2) 在試驗(yàn)溶液初始pH值范圍內(nèi),當(dāng)pH=5.68左右時(shí),陶粒對(duì)溶液中氨氮的吸附量達(dá)最大;隨著試驗(yàn)溫度的升高,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的吸附去除量降低;應(yīng)用所制備陶粒處理實(shí)際離子型稀土礦區(qū)土壤淋濾液時(shí),可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)淋濾液pH值為5.68左右,控制在更低的溫度下去除其中的氨氮,以提高氨氮去除率。
3) 陶粒對(duì)溶液中氨氮的等溫吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)符合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型;而陶粒對(duì)實(shí)際淋濾液中氨氮的吸附過(guò)程將易于進(jìn)行,吸附過(guò)程受液膜擴(kuò)散、顆粒內(nèi)擴(kuò)散和表面吸附多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)控制。
4) 在溫度為303 K、陶粒投加量為0.5 g的條件下,陶粒對(duì)氨氮的飽和吸附量為1.60 mg/g;所制備的鎢渣基陶粒可望實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)南方離子型稀土礦區(qū)土壤淋濾液中氨氮的有效去除與鎢渣的就近資源化利用,吸附氨氮后的陶粒經(jīng)NaCl溶液解吸、洗滌、干燥后還可用作建筑陶?;驁@林陶粒再利用。
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Adsorption behavior of ammonium in leachate from ionic rare earth mining area soil by diatomite and tungsten residue based porous ceramsite
JING Qing-xiu1, 2, WANG Yun-yan1, CHAI Li-yuan1, TANG Chong-jian1, HUANG Xiao-dong2, GUO Huan2, WANG Wei2, YOU Wei2
(1.School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; 2. School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China)
In order to realize resource utilization of industrial tungsten residue and treatment of ammonium wastewater with the solid waste, a porous ceramsite was prepared with the main raw materials of diatomite and tungsten residue. The adsorption behavior of ammonium in synthetic leachate of ionic rare earth mining area soil by the ceramsite was investigated. The results show that the surface of the newly-developed ceramsite is rough and porous. There are lots of pores across the ceramsite from inner to outside. MnFe2O4is one of the main components of the ceramsite. In pH range of the test, when pH is 5.68, the ammonium adsorption capacity by the ceramsite reaches the maximum. With the increase of temperature, the adsorption capacity decreases. The saturated adsorption capacity is 1.60 mg/g at 303 K, 0.5 g dosage of the ceramsite. The isothermal adsorption fits the Langmuir and Freundlich models better; and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second kinetic equation. Accordingly, it can be deduced that for real leachate from ionic rare earth mining area soil, the ceramsite can be used to remove ammonium from it, the removal process is efficiently; with the decrease of temperature, the adsorption capacity would increase; when pH is about 5.68, the ammonium adsorption capacity by the ceramsite will reach the maximum.
ionic rare earth mining area; porous ceramsite; tungsten residue; soil ammonium leachate; adsorption
Project (51674305) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2016YT03N101, 2017A090905024) supported by Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province, China; Project (NSFJ2015-K06) supported by the Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
2017-05-18;
2017-07-20
TANG Chong-jian; E-mail: chjtang@csu.edu.cn
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51674305);廣東省科技廳資助項(xiàng)目(2016YT03N101, 2017A090905024);江西理工大學(xué)資助項(xiàng)目(NSFJ2015-K06)
2017-05-10;
2017-07-20
唐崇儉,副教授,博士;電話:0731-88830411;E-mail:chjtang@csu.edu.cn
10.19476/j.ysxb.1004.0609.2018.05.20
1004-0609(2018)-05-1033-10
X75
A
(編輯 龍懷中)