續(xù)大治?朱尹瑩
“天封塔、鼓樓沿,東南西北通走遍”,這句老話在浙江寧波的百姓中耳熟能詳。鮮為人知的是,寧波現(xiàn)存的八大歷史街區(qū)中,有7個(gè)在海曙區(qū)。上面老話中的天封塔、鼓樓也都在海曙區(qū)管轄范圍內(nèi)。近年來(lái),作為寧波歷史文化名城核心區(qū)所在地的海曙區(qū),探索歷史街區(qū)多元保護(hù)與文化旅游商業(yè)融合之道,取得了成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
“不夸張地說(shuō),很多寧波的‘老底子都能在海曙尋根溯源?!焙J飬^(qū)文廣新局負(fù)責(zé)人對(duì)海曙的文化遺產(chǎn),可謂如數(shù)家珍,“我們擁有全國(guó)、省、市級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位29處,區(qū)級(jí)文物保護(hù)單位104處,市、區(qū)級(jí)文物保護(hù)點(diǎn)220處,文物資源總量位列全市第一。”
十一五期間,海曙區(qū)提出了兩個(gè)功能定位,一個(gè)是中心商貿(mào)商務(wù)區(qū),一個(gè)是歷史文化名城核心區(qū)?!皻v史文化是不可復(fù)制的,是‘挖不走的資源,這就是海曙的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、軟實(shí)力。”海曙區(qū)委宣傳部負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō),這一功能定位給海曙的發(fā)展指明了方向。
2008年,以郁家巷歷史街區(qū)為試點(diǎn),海曙區(qū)正式實(shí)施歷史街區(qū)改造。10年來(lái),這些歷史街區(qū)不僅充分運(yùn)用“原地保護(hù)、原貌遷建、空間轉(zhuǎn)換、風(fēng)格內(nèi)飾、科技滲透”等各種設(shè)計(jì)改造手法“修舊如舊”,完整地保留了原汁原味的歷史文化風(fēng)貌,更賦予其活色生香的現(xiàn)代都市活力,成為一道道靚麗的都市風(fēng)景線。
郁家巷的歷史最早可追溯到南宋時(shí)期,一直位于寧波內(nèi)城核心,歷來(lái)是名門(mén)旺族的聚集之地,現(xiàn)存白水巷、帶河巷、郁家巷等寧波最古老、最本質(zhì)、最純正的街巷,也是寧波古城代表——月湖和日湖的中心連接點(diǎn)。
從巷口出發(fā)只需步行幾十米,就走到郁家巷2號(hào)門(mén)牌下,這里就是曾經(jīng)的近性樓,現(xiàn)在的盛世花廳。它的主人原是清朝同治、光緒年間的諸生林延鰲,后易主歸學(xué)政盛炳維所有,盛炳維將其辟為書(shū)房,藏書(shū)十萬(wàn),盛世花廳因此得名。
2008年,海曙區(qū)開(kāi)始對(duì)歷史街區(qū)實(shí)施改造探索,郁家巷成為試點(diǎn)。到2010年,經(jīng)過(guò)2年籌建開(kāi)發(fā)的“月湖盛園”,成為國(guó)內(nèi)首個(gè)以江南院落為藍(lán)本打造的歷史文化商業(yè)街區(qū),讓郁家巷的老底子依舊,卻又生機(jī)勃發(fā)。
南塘河是寧波的母親河,從四明山麓流淌而來(lái),繞古城南廓而入,與其他塘河織就一張密布的水網(wǎng)。這樣的地理位置,也讓南門(mén)形成了寧波最早的商業(yè)集市,其中心地帶,就是南郊路,現(xiàn)在的南塘老街。
為中國(guó)電影作出巨大貢獻(xiàn)的電影大師袁牧之曾生活在南塘河邊上。他的故居是南郊路規(guī)模最大的民宅之一,建筑面積有820平方米,輪廓方正,高高的烽火墻印證著當(dāng)年不凡的氣派。
袁牧之在上世紀(jì)30年代投身戲劇事業(yè),舞臺(tái)上有“千面人”之美稱(chēng)。1934年編導(dǎo)創(chuàng)作《桃李劫》并擔(dān)任主演。1937年編導(dǎo)的《馬路天使》成為中國(guó)電影的標(biāo)志性作品。1949年后任中華人民共和國(guó)中央電影局第一任局長(zhǎng)。就在袁牧之百年誕辰之際,《南塘河歷史街區(qū)保護(hù)性詳細(xì)規(guī)劃》編制完成。
2012年1月,南塘老街一期開(kāi)街,二期于2015年9月亮相。綿延1.2公里的老街修復(fù)了袁牧之故居、同茂記、關(guān)圣殿等古祠、古廟、古宅、古商鋪,還原了“前街后河”、“前店后場(chǎng)”的建筑景觀。如今,這里已成為“集歷史古跡、旅游觀光、文化休閑、特色餐飲、百年老店、名優(yōu)特及民俗特色于一體,體現(xiàn)寧波江南水鄉(xiāng)城市特征”的歷史文化特色商業(yè)街區(qū)。
歷史文化街區(qū)多元化改造模式的成功嘗試,讓海曙在歷史街區(qū)活化保護(hù)利用的路子上越走越寬,文、商、旅互動(dòng)文章越做越好。
“一部寧波史,半部在月湖”。月湖歷史街區(qū)是寧波千百年來(lái)的文化中心,歷代達(dá)官顯貴均選擇湖上安家,其中不乏寧波商業(yè)巨子。青石街55、60、62號(hào)的洪宅,經(jīng)過(guò)修繕后依然坐落在原地。這座民國(guó)建筑的主體坐西朝東,大門(mén)朝東,進(jìn)內(nèi)為一三合院,它的主人就是當(dāng)時(shí)太豐面粉廠的總經(jīng)理洪宸笙。
太豐面粉廠在寧波工業(yè)史上曾書(shū)寫(xiě)了重重一筆?!爱?dāng)年,寧波民族工業(yè)一共有‘三支半煙囪,太豐就是其中的半支?!笔煜幉v史的老人們常常對(duì)此津津樂(lè)道。
洪宸笙是太豐面粉廠的一個(gè)重要股東。原來(lái)的老板因?yàn)榻?jīng)營(yíng)不善,把廠出讓給了洪宸笙等13人。1941年4月19日,寧波淪陷。洪宸笙到上海租界避居,太豐廠也隨之停工。三年后,日本人得知洪宸笙在上海的住址,上門(mén)脅迫令其恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)。洪宸笙堅(jiān)持不回寧波,但為防止日本人全面掠奪太豐廠,就虛與委蛇,找人回寧波復(fù)工。名為復(fù)工,實(shí)則僅開(kāi)一部車(chē),每天只生產(chǎn)一二百包面粉而已。
一直到1945年抗戰(zhàn)勝利后,洪宸笙回到了位于青石街的老家,太豐廠才正式復(fù)工了。1949年后,洪宸笙主動(dòng)向解放軍提供面粉,解決了部隊(duì)的軍糧問(wèn)題。
寧波本土?xí)陾髁滞碓诮衲?月入駐了月湖西區(qū)的延壽堂,這幢老房子建于1932年,它曾經(jīng)的主人是“一言堂”百貨的老板劉延壽。當(dāng)年的“一言堂”是寧波城區(qū)規(guī)模最大的百貨店,當(dāng)時(shí)還有一段流行的順口溜:“一言堂百貨多,良心堂藥材多,三法卿鈔票多,四明藥房西藥多……”
楓林晚總經(jīng)理鄭永宏在裝修書(shū)店的過(guò)程中查閱了各種資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)“一言堂”最早是一家書(shū)業(yè)老字號(hào)——“寧波一言堂書(shū)莊”。楓林晚書(shū)店和一言堂書(shū)莊,相隔近百年的書(shū)緣竟這樣續(xù)上了。
總投資15億元的月湖西區(qū)保護(hù)和更新啟動(dòng)區(qū)項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)以來(lái),一直在探索“歷史街區(qū)的保護(hù)和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的融合發(fā)展,以及老城區(qū)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)與新興產(chǎn)業(yè)融合”的路子。月湖“金匯小鎮(zhèn)”選擇在最能體現(xiàn)寧波城市傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)貌的月湖“落戶”,正是這種探索的成功之筆。目前,月湖金匯小鎮(zhèn)已累計(jì)入駐企業(yè)464家,注冊(cè)資金達(dá)441.14億元,入駐率達(dá)50%。
鼓樓歷史街區(qū)以寧波碩果僅存的古城樓為標(biāo)志,從2012年開(kāi)始有機(jī)更新后,通過(guò)業(yè)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)型、活動(dòng)推動(dòng)等各項(xiàng)工作,打造出“老寧波剪影,新寧波印象”,成為寧波人文化休閑體驗(yàn)的重要目的地。近日,該街區(qū)成功入選2017年度浙江省文化創(chuàng)意街區(qū),為寧波歷史文化名城增添了一張靚麗名片。
社會(huì)關(guān)注度和美譽(yù)度與日俱增的還有南塘河歷史文化街區(qū)。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),該街區(qū)去年客流量約400萬(wàn)人次。這條1.3公里長(zhǎng)的街區(qū)被游客譽(yù)為“最有寧波味道的街區(qū)”,去年被評(píng)為寧波市級(jí)(培育)文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)。
2016年9月,海曙區(qū)發(fā)布了全國(guó)首個(gè)歷史文化街區(qū)地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范——《歷史文化街區(qū)建設(shè)活動(dòng)和服務(wù)管理指南》,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涉及歷史文化街區(qū)的保護(hù)建設(shè)、街區(qū)街貌、街區(qū)服務(wù)和街區(qū)管理等四方面要求,通過(guò)規(guī)范硬件設(shè)施、文物保護(hù)、民俗活動(dòng)、商業(yè)規(guī)范等方面,提高街區(qū)規(guī)劃合理性和服務(wù)管理水平,有效推動(dòng)和規(guī)范轄區(qū)內(nèi)7個(gè)歷史文化街區(qū)的保護(hù)與建設(shè)。
去年以來(lái),海曙歷史文化街區(qū)保護(hù)利用更是動(dòng)作頻頻:寧波老城內(nèi)僅存的保存最完整的兩片歷史文化街區(qū)之一——伏跗室永壽街歷史文化街區(qū)保護(hù)規(guī)劃出臺(tái),將打造具有濃厚寧波傳統(tǒng)文化氛圍的宜居生活社區(qū)。
如今,海曙已開(kāi)啟“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”街區(qū)建設(shè)的新模式,明確開(kāi)展街區(qū)智慧服務(wù)建設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)街區(qū)免費(fèi)WIFI信號(hào)覆蓋,通過(guò)手機(jī)APP平臺(tái)、二維碼掃描等實(shí)現(xiàn)街區(qū)管理與服務(wù)的接入。
“歷史街區(qū)改造,不僅是文化傳承和設(shè)施更新,更應(yīng)該讓老百姓感受到實(shí)實(shí)在在的變化,否則保護(hù)就成了一句空話?!焙J飬^(qū)委宣傳部負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō),“最大程度保留歷史街區(qū)的真實(shí)性、完整性和延續(xù)性,依靠老街區(qū)、老字號(hào)、老傳統(tǒng)和老品牌,加大發(fā)掘、保護(hù)和開(kāi)發(fā)力度,使分散的、隱性的歷史文化資源集聚化、顯現(xiàn)化,形成具有海曙特色的老城保護(hù)典范?!?/p>
(本文圖片由海曙區(qū)委宣傳部提供)
It is not exaggerating to say the Haishu District, that hosts as many as 29 cultural units above the city level and 104 historical and cultural sites under district-level protection, is the ‘cultural nucleus of Ningbo, a port city in eastern Zhejiang. According to the Information Office of Haishu District, the developmental goal of the district during the 11th ‘five-year period is to intensify its function as a CBD as well as the citys historic and cultural core. Essentially, the goal is to maintain the districts ‘soft power.
The reconstruction of the districts historic blocks started in 2008. Over the years, the original charm of an array of cultural spots has been restored, adding a refreshing touch to the citys modern skyline.
With a history dating back to the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), Yujiaxiang had long been a neighborhood hosting the citys ‘blue blood clan. Today, the area is still the pivot of the old town of Ningbo, strewn with a network of ancient alleys that encapsulate the citys lesser-known historic essence. It is also the place where the citys two scenic landmarks – Moon Lake and Sun Lake, adjoin each other.
In 2008, Yujiaxiang was chosen as a venue for a pilot reconstruction project. The first phase of the project reached its finish line two years later with the launch of Chinas first ‘Jiangnan courtyard style historical street.
Ningbo is the hometown of Yuan Muzhi, a major figure in Chinas film industry. Yuans second film, (1937), starred then-unknown Zhou Xuan, who became one of Chinas most adored divas for the remainder of her life. is considered one of the most important Chinese films of all time. Nantang River, the ‘mother river of Ningbo, constituted a special part in the director/actors childhood memory. His former residence is a sprawling dwelling located on todays Nanjiao Road.
In the old times, Nantang was the citys commercial center. The first and second phases of the reconstruction of Nantang took six years to complete. Stretching 1.2km, the remolded street is dotted with time-honored stores, temples and former residences bearing the unmistakable imprint of their owners and displaying unique traditional Ningbo features.
The indisputable ‘leading lady of the urban vista of Ningbo, the Moon Lake not only presents the citys most distinct scenic highlight, but also plays an important role in the cultural subconscious of the locals. The lake area has been the ‘cultural hub of Ningbo throughout much of the citys history. It was once the ‘rich zone that appealed to prominent officials and eminent personages. One of the mansions here was built by Hong Chensheng, the owner of Taifeng Flourmill and one of the richest men in Ningbo in his time. The entrepreneur and his flourmill is not only a fascinating chapter in the history of the national industry of Ningbo but also a memorable chapter in the history of the citys war efforts against Japanese aggression in World War Two. In the 1950s, the flourmill became an important source of army provisions.
First built in 1932, Yan Shou Tang was once the residence of Liu Yanshou, the owner of the largest department store in Ningbo in the 1930s. The property now hosts a popular bookstore.
With a total capital investment of 1.5 billion yuan, the Moon Lake project works to explore a new mode of old town protection and reconstruction. One of the results of such exploration is the rise of Jinhui Town, a bustling area that now hosts as many as 464 enterprises bringing in a total registered capital topping 44 billion yuan.
The reconstruction of the citys Drum Tower historical block kicked off in 2012. The refurbished block ranked among “the best cultural innovation blocks in Zhejiang Province” in 2017.
Haishu District released Chinas first regional-level standard targeting old town reconstruction in September 2016. The standard is used for the protection and rebuilding of seven historical blocks within the Haishu territory, with a high-performance “Internet +” schema woven into the management of the blocks to ensure infrastructural readiness and service quality.
The reconstruction of old town areas is not only about cultural inheritance and facility upgrading but also about bringing tangible benefits to people living in this area, which is a consensus reached by all relevant departments of the district government.