肖俊豪 權(quán)巍 許強(qiáng) 吳志軍 楊昉 孫康健 盧光明 張志強(qiáng)
2.排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)左利手。(2)常規(guī)MRI檢查存在除海馬硬化外的其他顱內(nèi)病灶。(3)合并其他神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病及其他嚴(yán)重系統(tǒng)性疾病。
3.一般資料 選擇2009年7月-2016年10月在解放軍南京總醫(yī)院明確診斷為單側(cè)內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉癲的患者共計(jì)40例,根據(jù)發(fā)作類(lèi)型分為部分性發(fā)作和繼發(fā)全面性發(fā)作。(1)部分性發(fā)作組(mTLE?PS組):共20例,男性5例,女性15例;年齡18~40歲,平均(27.60±8.43)歲;病程1個(gè)月至31年,中位病程12.00(1.58,21.00)年;左側(cè)發(fā)作 10例,右側(cè) 10例。(2)繼發(fā)性全面性發(fā)作組(mTLE?sGS組):共20例,男性6例,女性14例;年齡18~45歲,平均(28.17±9.26)歲;病程3個(gè)月至37年,中位病程10.83(1.42,19.25)年;左側(cè)發(fā)作 10例,右側(cè) 10例。(3)正常對(duì)照組:選擇同期在我院進(jìn)行體格檢查的健康志愿者共20例,男性5例,女性15例;年齡19~42歲,平均(27.55±7.77)歲。3組受試者性別(χ2=0.170,P=0.918)和年齡(F=0.250,P=0.975)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;兩組內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉癲患者病程比較,差異亦無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=0.298,P=0.766),均衡可比。
1.頭部MRI檢查 受試者以醫(yī)用海綿墊固定頭部、耳塞降低噪音,采用德國(guó)Siemens公司生產(chǎn)的Magnetom Trio Tim 3.0T MRI掃描儀,8通道頭部線圈,梯度場(chǎng)強(qiáng)40 mT/m,進(jìn)行矢狀位T1?三維磁化準(zhǔn)備快速梯度回波(T1?3D?MPRAGE)掃描,掃描參數(shù)為:重復(fù)時(shí)間(TR)2300 ms、回波時(shí)間(TE)298 ms、反轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間(TI)400 ms,翻轉(zhuǎn)角(FA)9°,掃描視野(FOV)256 mm×256 mm,矩陣256×256,激勵(lì)次數(shù)(NEX)為1次,層厚 1 mm、層間距為零,掃描時(shí)間590 s,共176層,掃描范圍覆蓋全腦。同時(shí)行T1WI、T2WI、擴(kuò)散加權(quán)成像(DWI)和 T2?FLAIR 成像。(1)T1WI:重復(fù)時(shí)間280 ms、回波時(shí)間2.50 ms,掃描視野240 mm×240 mm,矩陣256×320,激勵(lì)次數(shù)2次,層厚5 mm、層間距6.50 mm,掃描時(shí)間92 s,共掃描30層,掃描范圍覆蓋全腦。(2)T2WI:重復(fù)時(shí)間 4000 ms、回波時(shí)間98 ms,掃描視野240 mm×240 mm,矩陣307×512,激勵(lì)次數(shù)2次,層厚5 mm、層間距6.50 mm,掃描時(shí)間 90 s,共 30層,掃描范圍覆蓋全腦。(3)DWI序列:重復(fù)時(shí)間3000 ms、回波時(shí)間91 ms,掃描視野218 mm×240 mm,矩陣174×192,激勵(lì)次數(shù)2次,層厚為5 mm、層間距6.50 mm,掃描時(shí)間59 s,共掃描36層,掃描范圍覆蓋全腦。(4)T2?FLAIR 成像:重復(fù)時(shí)間8000 ms、回波時(shí)間93 ms,掃描視野199 mm×220 mm,矩陣232×256,激勵(lì)次數(shù)2次,層厚5 mm、層間距6.50 mm,掃描時(shí)間114 s,共掃描28層,掃描范圍覆蓋全腦。
2.圖像處理與數(shù)據(jù)分析 采用MRIcron軟件包(http://www.mricro.com)將DICOM格式文件轉(zhuǎn)換為Nifti_1格式圖像;將左側(cè)海馬硬化患者的圖像進(jìn)行鏡面翻轉(zhuǎn),統(tǒng)一將右側(cè)海馬硬化定義為患側(cè)、左側(cè)定義為健側(cè);采用VBM8軟件(http://dbm.neuro.uni-jena.de/vbm8)分割成灰質(zhì)、白質(zhì)和腦脊液,通過(guò)VBM法獲得相對(duì)體積和全腦體積;將獲得的灰質(zhì)圖像進(jìn)行8 mm×8 mm×8 mm半高全寬(FWHM)的高斯平滑處理。針對(duì)灰質(zhì)體積,采用SPM8軟件(http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm)建立廣義線性模型,采用單因素方差分析,剔除性別、年齡、全腦體積等協(xié)變量的影響,族錯(cuò)誤率(FWE)校正后以P≤0.01為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,獲得統(tǒng)計(jì)腦圖。選取內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉癲患者雙側(cè)額葉和丘腦作為興趣區(qū)(ROI),以全腦體積作為協(xié)變量,分析各腦區(qū)灰質(zhì)體積與病程的相關(guān)性。
3.統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法 采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理與分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料以相對(duì)數(shù)構(gòu)成比(%)或率(%),采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)采用Kolomogorov?Simirnov檢驗(yàn),呈正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較行LSD?t檢驗(yàn);呈非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以中位數(shù)和四分位數(shù)間距[M(P25,P75)]表示,采用Mann?Whitney U檢驗(yàn)。內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉癲患者各腦區(qū)灰質(zhì)體積與病程的相關(guān)性采用Spearman秩相關(guān)分析。以P≤0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
3組受試者雙側(cè)額上回、右側(cè)額中回、右側(cè)額內(nèi)側(cè)回、右側(cè)角回、右側(cè)顳中回、右側(cè)海馬、雙側(cè)丘腦和雙側(cè)小腦半球灰質(zhì)體積差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.01,F(xiàn)WE校正),與正常對(duì)照者相比,內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉癲患者以致灶側(cè)為主的雙側(cè)大腦半球廣泛性灰質(zhì)體積減少,其中,mTLE?PS組主要包括雙側(cè)額上回、小腦半球和右側(cè)顳中回、海馬、丘腦,mTLE?sGS組主要包括雙側(cè)額上回、丘腦、小腦半球和右側(cè)角回、顳中回、海馬;與mTLE?PS組相比,mTLE?sGS組雙側(cè)額上回、丘腦和右側(cè)額內(nèi)側(cè)回、直回灰質(zhì)體積減少(均P<0.01,F(xiàn)WE校正;圖1;表1,2)。
mTLE?PS組患者左側(cè)額上回、右側(cè)額中回和雙側(cè)丘腦灰質(zhì)體積與病程無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)性(均P>0.05);mTLE?sGS組患者左側(cè)額上回(rs=?0.611,P=0.004)和右側(cè)額中回(rs=?0.562,P=0.010)與病程呈負(fù)相關(guān),而雙側(cè)丘腦與病程無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián)性(P>0.05,表3)。
圖1 3組受試者各腦區(qū)灰質(zhì)體積的比較(P<0.01,F(xiàn)WE校正) 1a 與正常對(duì)照組相比,mTLE?PS組雙側(cè)額上回、小腦半球和右側(cè)顳中回、海馬、丘腦灰質(zhì)體積減少(藍(lán)色區(qū)域所示) 1b 與正常對(duì)照組相比,mTLE?sGS組雙側(cè)額上回、丘腦、小腦半球和右側(cè)角回、顳中回、海馬灰質(zhì)體積減少(藍(lán)色區(qū)域所示) 1c 與mTLE?PS組相比,mTLE?sGS組雙側(cè)額上回、丘腦和右側(cè)額內(nèi)側(cè)回、直回灰質(zhì)體積減少(藍(lán)色區(qū)域所示)Figure 1 Comparison of gray matter volumes of brain regions among 3 groups(P<0.01,FWE correction).Compared with control group,gray matter volumes in bilateral superior frontal gyri,bilateral cerebellar hemispheres,right middle temproral gyrus,right hippocampus and right thalamus in mTLE?PS group were significantly decreased(blue areas indicate,Panel 1a).Compared with control group,gray matter volumes in bilateral superior frontal gyri,bilateral thalami,bilateral cerebellar hemispheres,right angular gyrus,right middle temproral gyrus and right hippocampus in mTLE?sGS group were significantly decreased(blue areas indicate,Panel 1b).Compared with mTLE?PS group,gray matter volumes in bilateral superior frontal gyri,bilateral thalami,right medial frontal gyrus and right gyrus rectus in mTLE?sGS group were significantly decreased(blue areas indicate,Panel 1c).
表1 3組受試者灰質(zhì)體積減少的腦區(qū)Table 1. Brain regions with decreased gray matter volumes in 3 groups
表2 3組受試者各腦區(qū)灰質(zhì)體積的兩兩比較Table 2. Paired comparison of gray matter volumes in brain regions of 3 groups
表3 mTLE?PS組和mTLE?sGS組患者各腦區(qū)灰質(zhì)體積與病程的相關(guān)分析Table 3. Correlation analysis between gray matter volumes and duration in mTLE?PS group and mTLE?sGS group
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