文/波利娜·澤爾曼諾娃 譯/張燕

By Polina Zelmanova

Music is a wonderful form of art that has only been enriched with cinema, allowing the creation of onscreen musicals that are a lot more widely available than theatre performances, as well as the production of documentaries and biopics or simply fictitious stories about singers and musicians.

音樂是一種非常棒的藝術(shù)形式，而電影制作使得音樂的表現(xiàn)形式更加豐富——銀幕上不僅有遠比劇院演出傳播范圍廣的音樂劇，還有關(guān)于歌手和音樂家的紀錄片、傳記，甚至虛構(gòu)的故事。

[2]One of the most fascinating and emotional music genres is jazz, with many legendary names of performers and composers written down in history for their impeccable talent and mastery of the complex and affective chords and transitions that were and still are so popular.

[2]爵士樂是最令人著迷和動情的音樂類型之一。無數(shù)表演者和作曲家，以他們無與倫比的才華及對復雜動人的和弦和變調(diào)的出色把握而名揚歷史。他們的作品，至今膾炙人口。

[3]Many of such personas, both real and not, have been taken on by scriptwriters and directors, creating an atmosphere with roots stemming down all the way to a century back, to when the African American communities in New Orleans that would spend their past time playing and making up the music that expressed their pain and joy; it soon popularised across the whole world and became known as“one of America’s original art forms”.

[3]劇作家和導演們創(chuàng)作了大量關(guān)于那些虛虛實實人物的作品，其創(chuàng)作背景可以追溯到一個世紀以前。當時新奧爾良的美籍非洲裔群體常常通過創(chuàng)作和演奏音樂的方式來表達苦樂情緒。這種音樂后來風靡世界，被認為是“美國原創(chuàng)的藝術(shù)形式之一”。

[4]Although the list of great jazz movies could go on forever, here are 5 of some of the most notable movies in cinematic history about jazz and the souls of its followers.

[4]電影史上精彩的爵士樂電影數(shù)不勝數(shù)，以下只選取介紹了其中非常著名的五部，它們不僅表現(xiàn)了爵士樂，還刻畫了爵士樂精神的追隨者。

5.High Society (Charles Walters,1956)

第五名：《上流社會》（查爾斯·沃特斯，1956）

[5]Based on the play ‘The Philadelphia Story’,High Societybrings the story to the screen in a beautiful musical manner.The light entertaining comedy witnesses a great jazz musician Dexter Haven (Bing Crosby) who amidst his jazz is trying to win back his charming ex-wife (Grace Kelly) after divorcing her.

[5]《上流社會》將舞臺劇《費城故事》搬上銀幕，變成了一部美妙的音樂劇。這部輕喜劇描述了一個偉大的爵士樂音樂家德克斯特·黑文（平·克勞斯貝飾）在爵士樂的伴隨下，離婚后努力贏回美麗前妻（格蕾絲·凱利飾）芳心的故事。

[6]She on the other hand is set to marry a very honourable man, George Kittredge (John Lund), while being seduced by a newspaper reporter played byFrank Sinatra1 20世紀最重要的流行音樂人物，集歌手、演員、電臺及電視節(jié)目主持人、唱片公司老板等多重身份于一身，曾三次獲得奧斯卡獎。himself.The movie brings forth a dilemma as she is forced to choose between the three very very different gentlemen.

[6]另一方面，他的前妻已準備嫁給一位非常高貴的紳士喬治·基特里奇（約翰·倫德飾），同時又被一名新聞記者追求，這名記者的扮演者正是弗蘭克·辛納特拉本人。電影表現(xiàn)了前妻不得不在三位迥異紳士中做出選擇的為難處境。

[7]The film wonderfully portrays the comic love circle with musical jazz numbers that bring life to the screen.It is a fantastic film that takes full benefit of the talent of its equally fantastic cast.

[7]影片精彩講述了這個帶有喜劇色彩的多角愛情故事，片中大量爵士樂曲目為影片注入了活力。才華橫溢的演員陣容成就了這部極其出色的電影。

4.Bird (Clint Eastwood, 1988)

第四名：《菜鳥帕克》（又譯《爵士樂手》）（克林特·伊斯特伍德，1988）

[8]InBird, Eastwood takes on portraying the story of the legendary musician Charlie Parker (Forest Whitaker),also going by the name of Bird—one of the most distinctive and influential jazz personas whose impact is clearly evident on many jazz players until this day,as well as on the genre itself.

[8]《菜鳥帕克》是伊斯特伍德拍攝的關(guān)于傳奇音樂人查理·帕克（福里斯特·惠特克飾）的傳記電影。綽號“大鳥”的查理是最獨特和最有影響力的爵士樂名人之一，他的作品不僅對今日許多的爵士樂演奏者，也對這一音樂類型本身，產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。

[9]The movie shows us the ascent of his musical career, from his fascination with music as a young boy, to his first audition and his growing career throughout several bands and gigs.

[9]影片向我們展示了帕克音樂生涯走向輝煌的發(fā)展歷程，從他還是個小男孩時對音樂的迷戀，到他第一次試演，事業(yè)歷經(jīng)一個個樂隊和一次次現(xiàn)場演出而逐步成長。

[10]Apart from his music, the biopic offers us the background of the life of Parker, including his last marriage to Chan Parker (Diane Venora) and the never ending struggle of drug addiction that is the downfall not only to his career but to his own life.

[10]這部傳記片還為我們描繪了帕克在音樂之外的日常生活，包括他與茜·帕克（戴安·維諾拉飾）的最后一段婚姻，以及他在毒癮中的不斷掙扎，毒癮不但影響了他的音樂生涯，甚至危及他的生命。

[11]The wonderful element in the movie is the fact that it is Parker himself who is playing the saxophone in the music scenes as Eastwood and music coordinator Niehaus took Parker’s actual recordings and fitted his saxophone to the new high definition soundtracks giving the movie an even more authentic feeling, allowing us to really feel Parker as well as experience the never ending nights of live jazz.

[11]影片很棒的一點是，伊斯特伍德和音樂統(tǒng)籌尼豪斯將帕克演奏薩克斯的實際錄音重新制作成高分辨率音軌，因此該片音樂場景中我們聽到的確實是帕克本人演奏的作品，這令影片更富真實感，也讓觀眾得以真切感受帕克，體驗爵士樂永無休止的現(xiàn)場演出之夜。

3.La La Land (Damien Chazelle, 2016)

第三名：《愛樂之城》（達米恩·查澤雷，2016）

[12]InLa La Land2 《愛樂之城》影評見本刊2017年第4期78—82頁。Chazelle once again passes along the love and appreciation to the genre the greatness of which seems to be dying out.Like inWhiplashhe explores the ambivalence between love and striving ambition, but also the battle between the old and the new, exploring the fields of acting and musicianship, all done through a fantastic musical approach.

[12]查澤雷在《愛樂之城》中又一次表達了他對爵士樂這一日漸式微的音樂形式的熱愛和欣賞。像在《爆裂鼓手》中那樣，他以一部精彩的音樂劇的形式，揭示了愛情與為事業(yè)打拼之間的矛盾和新舊觀念之間的斗爭，并探索了戲劇表演與音樂演奏等不同領(lǐng)域。

[13]The story revolves around the two protagonists, Sebastian (Ryan Gosling) who is a jazz pianist with the goal of keeping the old non-commercial jazz alive through his playing and with the hopes of opening up his own jazz establishment to share the joy of the music with people, and Mia (Emma Stone)who is a young girl going around on auditions in order to quit her job as a barista at a cafe at the Warner Brothers’Studio.

[13]故事圍繞著兩位主人公展開。塞巴斯蒂安（瑞恩·高斯林飾）是一名爵士樂鋼琴演奏家，他的心愿是通過自己的演奏保住傳統(tǒng)的、非商業(yè)化的爵士樂的生命力，并渴望開一家自己的爵士樂餐廳，與人們分享這種音樂帶來的快樂。女孩米婭（艾瑪·斯通飾）則穿梭于一次次試鏡中，希望借此擺脫她在華納兄弟影業(yè)片場的一家咖啡屋當咖啡師的工作。

[14]Their meeting slowly develops into a beautiful and intense romance as the two try to figure out their own aspirations that gradually become a threat to their relationship.

[14]他們的相遇慢慢發(fā)展成一段美好而熱烈的愛情，同時兩人都在盡力追求自己的夢想，而這日漸威脅他們的戀情。

[15]La La Landis about staying true to oneself and is yet another slap in the face about the sacrifices to the arts.But once you hear the skillful and passion-ate playing of jazz through Sebastian’s hands and through the voice of his favourite musicians, like Mia we begin to understand and appreciate the sacrifices made for the vibrant genre, and pray along with Sebastian that it will not be lost and abused by the glory and fame offered by commercial and mainstream music.

[15]《愛樂之城》闡述了主人公對個人信念的堅持，然而為藝術(shù)做出的犧牲卻遭遇現(xiàn)實又一記殘酷的耳光。然而，當耳邊響起經(jīng)塞巴斯蒂安之手和他最愛的音樂家之口傳遞出的技巧高超、充滿激情的爵士樂，如米婭一樣，我們開始理解和贊賞為如此富于生命力的音樂而做出的犧牲。我們與塞巴斯蒂安共同祈禱，這一音樂類型不會被商業(yè)化主流音樂的光環(huán)和名氣狠狠踩踏，更不會有一天完全消失。

2.The Blues Brothers (John Landis,1980)

第二名：《福祿雙霸天》（又譯《布魯斯兄弟》）（約翰·蘭迪斯，1980）

[16]The Blues Brothersis a cult classic inspired by aSaturday Night Livesketch of the same name, combining a mixture of action, humour and of course jazz.

[16]《福祿雙霸天》風靡一時，是根據(jù)《周六夜現(xiàn)場》的小品改編的經(jīng)典影片，集動作、幽默，當然還有爵士樂元素于一體。

[17]It follows the two brothers (John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd), dressed in their infamous black suits, white socks and tinted sunglasses, as they try to get their old blues band back together in order to raise money for their old orphanage that is presently in huge debt.

[17]影片講述了一對兄弟（約翰·貝魯西和丹·艾克羅伊德飾）的故事。他們身著黑社會常穿的黑色西裝和白色襪子，戴著深色太陽鏡，試圖重組之前解散了的布魯斯樂隊，為撫養(yǎng)他們長大、如今負債累累的孤兒院募集資金。

[18]They embark on a two-and-ahalf-hour journey of rediscovering their ex-band members in the most strange places, following their running away from several groups of people that they have managed to enrage, including Nazis, police, a western band and of course an angry crowd.

[18]在這部長達兩個半小時的電影中，兄弟倆探訪各種稀奇古怪的地方，找回了以前的樂隊成員，之前還要躲避被他們得罪的不同勢力的追捕，這些勢力包括納粹、警察、一個西部樂隊，當然，還有憤怒的人群。

[19]All of this is casually interrupted with fantastic music numbers, never lacking a good old laugh and some good old jazz.

[19]情節(jié)之中穿插著精彩的音樂，經(jīng)典笑料和美妙的傳統(tǒng)爵士樂從未間斷。

[20]Landis manages to musically keep the absurdity and chaos from spiraling out of control as well as creating memorable stunt numbers and car chases.The music doesn’t get more relevant and thrilling as the likes of Ray Charles and Aretha Franklin join the ride with soulful tunes, bringing back the musical essence of the genre.

[20]除了制作一系列令人難忘的追車和特技場景，蘭迪斯設法通過音樂來保證影片中的荒誕和混亂場面不至失去控制。當雷·查爾斯和艾瑞莎·富蘭克林這樣的歌者帶著他們的靈魂樂曲加入追逐，音樂與情節(jié)的交融達到完美，扣人心弦，將這種音樂形式的精華帶回人們視野。

1.Whiplash (Damien Chazelle, 2014)

第一名：《爆裂鼓手》（達米恩·查澤雷，2014）

[21]Whiplashis a beautifully intense and powerful drama that shows the love and sacrifices one would go through in the name of music.In it Andrew Neyman (Miles Teller) is a young drummer who spends all of his time beating on his instrument and perfecting his technique—all in order to become a great musician and impress the un-impressible Mr.Fletcher (J.K.Simmons) who is the school’s legendary conductor of an equally famous jazz band.

[21]《爆裂鼓手》是一部緊張、美妙、充滿力量的電影，表現(xiàn)了一個人因熱愛音樂而甘愿為之做出犧牲。影片主角安德魯·內(nèi)曼（邁爾斯·特勒飾）是一個年輕鼓手，一心一意演奏爵士鼓，完善技巧，希望成為一名偉大的音樂家，并以此打動極其嚴苛的弗萊徹先生（J.K.西蒙斯飾），后者是學校爵士樂隊的傳奇指揮，他的樂隊與他齊名。

[22]Despite all of the rejection and embarrassment that Fletcher puts Andrew through in their time working together, nothing seems to be bad enough for the young musician to stop beating on his drums, through lonely nights and with bloody hands that only fuel up his passion for the craft.

[22]在師從弗萊徹的過程中，安德魯無數(shù)次遭到他的否定甚至羞辱，然而這一切都不能令這個年輕的樂手停止敲擊爵士鼓。那些不眠之夜，那因磨破老繭而鮮血淋漓的雙手，只能加倍點燃他對手中樂器的熱情。

[23]The more Fletcher puts him down, the more determined Andrew becomes—getting rid of any distractions in the form of friends or girlfriends—and the harder he tries to impress the tyrannical teacher who justifies his abuse with the idea that praise will lead nowhere, as he tries to prove that he is worthy of playing jazz.

[23]弗萊徹越是打壓安德魯，安德魯?shù)臎Q心就越堅定。他心無旁騖，將朋友和女友都拋到一邊，一心要打動這位聲稱贊揚（學生）沒有任何意義的暴虐老師，以期證明自己有足夠的資格演奏爵士樂。

[24]Chazelle skillfully uses the tempo that the jazz music creates in order to thrillerise his movie and create tension that will keep the audience at the edge of their seats as they witness and appreciate the ‘behind the scenes’ of dedicated musicianship.

[24]在影片中，查雷澤巧妙地運用爵士樂的節(jié)拍來制造一種驚悚和緊張的氣氛，使觀眾在目睹和欣賞全情投入的音樂家的“幕后故事”時，自始至終坐在椅子邊緣，不敢有片刻放松。