文 / 李 健

前面討論過FIDIC 1999版Contract for Construction“Parties and Persons”條款和中國《建設(shè)工程施工合同（示范文本）》“合同當(dāng)事人及其他相關(guān)方”條款的Parties或當(dāng)事人?，F(xiàn)在看看條款中Persons或者“其他相關(guān)方”。

例 1—“Engineer” means the person appointed by the Employer to act as the Engineer for the purposes of the Contract and named in the Appendix to Tender， or other person appointed from time to time by the Employer and notified to the Contractor under Sub-Clause 3.4 ［Replacement of the Engineer］. “Contractor’s Representative” means the person named by the Contractor in the Contract or appointed from time to time by the Contractor under Sub-Clause 4.3 ［Contractor’s Representative］， who acts on behalf of the Contractor. （1.1.2 Contract for Construction， FIDIC， 1999）

試譯：“工程師”是指業(yè)主為合同目的而任命并在投標(biāo)書附錄中指定擔(dān)任工程師的人，或者業(yè)主間或根據(jù)第3.4款（工程師的更換）任命并通知承包商的其他人?！俺邪檀怼笔侵赋邪淘诤贤兄付ɑ蛘唛g或根據(jù)第4.3款（承包商代表）任命而為承包商利益開展工作的人。

例2—監(jiān)理人：是指在專用合同條款中指明的，受發(fā)包人委托按照法律規(guī)定進(jìn)行工程監(jiān)督管理的法人或其他組織?？偙O(jiān)理工程師：是指由監(jiān)理人任命并派駐施工現(xiàn)場進(jìn)行工程監(jiān)理的總負(fù)責(zé)人。發(fā)包人代表：是指由發(fā)包人任命并派駐施工現(xiàn)場在發(fā)包人授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)行使發(fā)包人權(quán)利的人。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理：是指由承包人任命并派駐施工現(xiàn)場，在承包人授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)負(fù)責(zé)合同履行，且按照法律規(guī)定具有相應(yīng)資格的項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人。（建設(shè)工程施工合同（示范文本）（GF—2017—0201），1.1.2）

試譯 ：“Construction Project Management Enterprise” means the corporation or other legal entity named in the Particular Conditions who is entrusted by the Employer to perform the project management in accordance with law. “Chief Project Management Engineer” means the chief person appointed to the Site in charge of project management.“Employer’s Representative” means the person appointed by the Employer to the Site to exercise the Employer’s right as authorized.“Contractor’s Project Manager” means the person who was appointed by the Contractor to the Site in charge of performing the Contract as authorized， and has the corresponding qualification as required by law.

點(diǎn)評

1．首先，兩個(gè)合同文本中Persons或“其他相關(guān)方”都不限于例子中所列人員。FIDIC文本還定義了Employer’s Personnel業(yè)主人員、Contractor’s Personnel承包商人員、Subcontractor分包商和DAB （Dispute Adjudication Board）爭端裁決委員會(huì)等。中國文本中還定義了設(shè)計(jì)人Designer和分包人Subcontractor。切記，這些人都不是合同的當(dāng)事人，他們只是當(dāng)事人履行合同的具體人員，或者是可能牽涉到的合同外第三人。

2．根據(jù)FIDIC文本定義條款引言中的Words indicating persons or parties include corporations and other legal entities， except where the context requires otherwise，即除非上下文另有要求，表示人或當(dāng)事人的詞語包括法人和其他法律實(shí)體，這樣，例1中Engineer就可以包含Corporation法人（或公司）或其他法律實(shí)體，這就涵蓋了中國實(shí)踐中的監(jiān)理公司和監(jiān)理工程師了。這是為什么本文在例2中選擇監(jiān)理人、總監(jiān)理工程師、發(fā)包人代表等與例1中Engineer相對照的原因。

3．監(jiān)理和FIDIC文本引入中國以后，Engineer所具有的“監(jiān)理”身份已被中國實(shí)踐所接受；中國化了的“監(jiān)理”除受建設(shè)單位（業(yè)主）委托提供專業(yè)服務(wù)的自由屬性外，還獲得了一定程度的法律強(qiáng)制屬性。這使得如何將“監(jiān)理”譯成英文成了問題—常見的翻譯有supervision， control和management等。本文從中國引入“監(jiān)理”是為了引入項(xiàng)目管理Project Management的最初目的出發(fā)，將建設(shè)工程“監(jiān)理”直接譯成Construction Project Management。本文認(rèn)為這樣翻譯恢復(fù)了事情的本來面目。

4．這樣一來，中國文本中的“項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理”便不宜直接譯成Project Manager或Construction Project Manager了；本文根據(jù)“項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理”在實(shí)踐中的實(shí)際身份，結(jié)合例1中Contractor’s Representative承包商代表，將其譯成Contractor’s Project Manager，即“承包商的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理”，準(zhǔn)確、直接，且與“發(fā)包人代表”形成對照。在科技文獻(xiàn)譯介中，我雖主張直譯，但直譯容易誤解時(shí)，尋求意譯回復(fù)本來意思將是很好的救濟(jì)手段。