建筑設(shè)計(jì)：奧馬爾·甘地建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司 + 設(shè)計(jì)基地8（紐約）

Architects: Omar Gandhi Architect Inc. + Design Base 8 (NYC)

兔網(wǎng)谷小屋，布雷頓角，加拿大
Rabbit Snare Gorge Cabin, Cape Breton, Canada, 2015

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：奧馬爾·甘地建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司 + 設(shè)計(jì)基地8（紐約）

Architects: Omar Gandhi Architect Inc. + Design Base 8 (NYC)

勞倫斯·麥克艾薩克還記得他曾祖父在這里教孩子們用網(wǎng)捕兔子的方法，而他的曾祖母用常用的“洗衣石”在小瀑布底洗衣服。由于峽谷極為陡峭，這里很難使用，包括采集樹(shù)果，所以便荒蕪了。

在這個(gè)神秘的景觀中隱藏著三個(gè)小動(dòng)物形的建筑，兔網(wǎng)谷的這座小屋是其中的第一座。

在布雷頓角崎嶇的林地海岸上，這座小屋是一片18.6ha（46英畝）地塊中的主要住宅。這座塔屋的山面經(jīng)過(guò)微妙的改造，使它可以由兩座觀景平臺(tái)直達(dá)林頂。其中一個(gè)面向大海，另一個(gè)順著交匯的溪谷。

兔網(wǎng)谷的景觀特點(diǎn)是布雷頓角高地的陡坡、點(diǎn)綴著阿卡迪亞硬木的密林、汩汩溪流鑿出的深谷，以及諾森伯蘭海峽的海崖。這個(gè)位置能讓人將整個(gè)地段盡收眼底，包括奔向大海的峽谷。穿過(guò)小屋的序列從入口和首層臥室開(kāi)始，然后是二層上雙層高的廚房和餐廳，最后是三層的起居室。在那里遠(yuǎn)眺，整個(gè)地段都一覽無(wú)余。

這座建筑通過(guò)一系列形式元素與本土風(fēng)格聯(lián)系在一起。小屋的傳統(tǒng)山面造型將視線打開(kāi)，并沿著太陽(yáng)的軌跡，突出了主要的室內(nèi)空間，強(qiáng)調(diào)了塔屋的垂直性，同時(shí)有效地遮擋雨雪。當(dāng)?shù)氐膫鹘y(tǒng)木包板被用在小屋的室外。小屋的鋼箍入口采用了防風(fēng)墻的造型，這是布雷頓角和紐芬蘭沿海地區(qū)所特有的。

立地輕而臨風(fēng)重

客戶是一位戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)愛(ài)好者和樹(shù)藝家，對(duì)自然景觀崇敬有加。所以，對(duì)場(chǎng)地和生態(tài)干擾的關(guān)注就是初期主要的設(shè)計(jì)因素之一。小塔屋的形制讓人可以登臨遠(yuǎn)眺，并以最小的占地面積實(shí)現(xiàn)豐富的功能。暴露的坡地意味著它要抵御大西洋暴雨的沖擊、冬季的東北暴風(fēng)、浪擊的腐蝕性鹽霧和猛烈的東南風(fēng)——當(dāng)?shù)氐臇|南風(fēng)穿過(guò)高地絕壁后的時(shí)速可達(dá)200km。

當(dāng)?shù)貜?qiáng)力的東南風(fēng)需要用堅(jiān)固的結(jié)構(gòu)體系來(lái)抵御側(cè)向荷載與拔升力。高高的小屋依靠額外的保護(hù)層來(lái)抵抗強(qiáng)風(fēng)——每塊實(shí)板、包括室內(nèi)隔墻，都會(huì)作為剪力墻、隔膜和重疊壓縮環(huán)。擋風(fēng)墻由耐候鋼焊接而成，掛接在框架上?！酰ㄉ袝x 譯）

1 外景/Exterior view

Lawrence MacIsaac recalls stories of his great grandfather using the property to teach his sons how to snare rabbits, while his great grandmother used commonly used the "laundry stone" at the bottom of a small waterfall to wash clothing. With the extremely steep sides of the gorge it was diきcult to do anything with the land, including harvesting the trees, so it was left to grow wild.

The cabin at Rabbit Snare Gorge is the fi rst of the three small creature-like structures hidden in the mysterious landscape.

The cabin is the primary dwelling on a 46 acre parcel of land found on the rugged wooded coastline of rural Cape Breton. The cabin is a gently adapted gabled tower which allows it to reach above the forest canopy with two major viewing platforms, one oriented directly towards the ocean and the other along the length of the convergent brook valley.

The landscape of Rabbit Snare Gorge is de fi ned by the steep slopes of the Cape Breton Highlands,a dense woodlands with patches of Acadian hardwood, deep gorges cut by a babbling brook, and the rocky cliffs of the Northumberland Strait. The location allows for a long wide view of the entire property including the majority of the gorge leading towards the ocean. The procession through the cabin starts with the entry and bedrooms on the ground floor, a double height kitchen and dining room on the second floor and lastly the living space on the third fl oor with the fi nal lookout view of the entire property.

The structure is linked to the local vernacular by a number of formal elements. The traditional gable form of the cabin is manipulated to open views and follow the path of the sun, emphasise the major interior spaces, and accentuate the verticality of the tower, while eきciently shedding snow and rain.Traditional, local wood board cladding is used on the exterior of the Cabin. The cabin's steel entry hoop takes shape from the entry windbreaks which are unique to Cape Breton and Newfoundland coastal communities.

Light on the land, heavy against the wind

The client is an avid outdoorsman and hobby arborist with a sincere respect for the natural landscape. Therefore, sensitivity to site and ecological disruption was an early and major design parametre. The tower typology of the cabin offers elevated views and ample programming within a minimal footprint. The exposure of the sloped site means it endures the full brunt of heavy Atlantic rainstorms, winter Nor'easters, corrosive salt-spray from crashing swell, and strong suetes winds – local south-easterlies which accelerate down the Highland escarpment to reach speeds of over 200km/h.

The strong local suetes winds demand robust structural systems to withstand major lateral loads and uplift. The tall cabin combats the high winds through redundant sheathing – every solid plane,including the interior partition wall, contribute as shear walls, diaphragms and stacked compression rings. The windbreak, constructed out of welded weathering steel, is then hung from the framing.□

2 總平面/Site plan

3 外景/Exterior view

4 外景/Exterior views

5 外景/Exterior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Kevin and Stephanie Briody

主持建筑師/Principal: Omar Gandhi (Omar Gandhi Architect Inc.)

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Peter Braithwaite, Peter Kolodziej,Maxwell Schnutgen, Elizabeth Powell, Jeff Shaw (Intern Architects, Omar Gandhi Architect Inc. ); Jon Siani, Jon Wilson, Garrett Helm (Intern Architects, Design Base 8, NYC)顧問(wèn)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Consulting Team: Omar Gandhi Architect Inc.,Design Base 8 (NYC), Andrea Doncaster Engineering,Joseph "MacGee" MacFarlane

造價(jià)/Cost: $310/sq.ft

攝影/Photos: Doublespace Photography

6 首層平面/Ground fl oor plan

7 二層平面/1st fl oor plan

8 三層平面/2nd fl oor plan

9 剖面/Sections

10 剖面/Sections

11 內(nèi)景/Interior views

評(píng)論

張路峰：這座林中小屋的設(shè)計(jì)策略非常明確而直接，綜合考慮節(jié)地、節(jié)能、觀景、抗風(fēng)等因素，緊湊的空間沿豎向展開(kāi)，形成瘦高的體量，使得密林中的居住者得以把頭探到樹(shù)冠之上，獲得更好的視野和陽(yáng)光。和一般城市獨(dú)戶住宅的功能組織相反，分為三層的內(nèi)部空間由上而下私密性漸次增加，呼應(yīng)著主人假日的作息規(guī)律。瘦高體量上的入口設(shè)計(jì)需要特別考慮尺度問(wèn)題，在此案中，建筑師只是簡(jiǎn)單地在入口外面加了一個(gè)兩層高的門(mén)套，既調(diào)節(jié)了門(mén)在立面上的尺度關(guān)系，又解決了入口防風(fēng)的問(wèn)題。

胡恒：雙坡屋頂確有無(wú)限潛力。一個(gè)輕巧的角度變向，就制造出室內(nèi)的三層夾層空間，同時(shí)把尖銳的外部形體緩和下來(lái)。這很明智。如用正常的雙坡做法，那么位于山頂上的它就過(guò)于霸道了。即使現(xiàn)在的樣子對(duì)場(chǎng)所的統(tǒng)治力還是有點(diǎn)過(guò)強(qiáng)。室內(nèi)的全木內(nèi)飾面溫暖宜人，但稍顯空曠，除了基本家具外并無(wú)多余雜物，隱隱透出身在屋中，心在遠(yuǎn)方之意?？磥?lái)戶主應(yīng)該就是一個(gè)強(qiáng)悍、孤寂，內(nèi)心還有些許柔情的人。

12 內(nèi)景/Interior views

13 內(nèi)景/Interior views

Comments

ZHANG Lufeng: The design strategy of this cabin is quite clear and direct, after a general consideration to elements including land saving, energy saving,sight viewing, and wind resistance, a compact space is extended in the vertical direction, forming a slim and tall bulk in which residents in the thick woods are able to look over the tree crowns and get the access to a better view and more sunlight. On the contrary to the functional organisation of regular urban freestanding houses, the privacy degree of the interior space gradually increases from the third floor to the first floor corresponding to the daily schedule of the residents on vacation. The design of entrance to a slim and tall bulk usually demands for special concerns to its proportion, and in this case, the designer simply adds a two-story-high door pocket outside the entrance, which not only adjusts the scale relationship between the door and the fa?ade but also addresses the problem of wind resistance at the entrance.

HU Heng: Double pitched roofs indeed have unlimited potential. A light angle alternation creates three layers of interlayer space inside the room, and in the meantime softens the sharp exterior shape. It's wise.If the normal double pitched practice is used, it will be too overbearing standing on the top of the mountain.Even with the current look, the dominance of the place is a bit too strong. The total wooden finishing inside is warm and pleasant, but looks a little empty. Besides basic furniture, there are no redundant objects. This slightly gave away the feeling of being in the house,but mind far away. It seems that the owner of the house should be a tough, lonely person, but with a bit tenderness in heart. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)