王旭燾,潘定一,郭 瑋,陳思思,周 斌,楊鈞杰,齊敏友
阿魏酸對(duì)糖尿病大鼠腎臟足細(xì)胞nephrin、podocin蛋白表達(dá)的影響*
王旭燾,潘定一,郭 瑋,陳思思,周 斌,楊鈞杰,齊敏友△
(浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)藥學(xué)院藥理學(xué)教研室,杭州310014)
目的:研究阿魏酸(FA)對(duì)鏈脲佐菌素(STZ)致糖尿病大鼠腎臟足細(xì)胞損傷的影響,并探討其可能的機(jī)制。方法:雄性 SD大鼠尾靜脈一次性注射 STZ(40 mg/kg,i.v.),72 h后將血糖高于 16.7 mmol/L者視為糖尿病造模成功,將其隨機(jī)分為模型組、阿魏酸組,每組10只;另取10只雄性 SD大鼠作為對(duì)照組;阿魏酸組(100 mg/kg,i.g.,qd),從大鼠血糖升高第5周開(kāi)始給藥,連續(xù)8周。測(cè)定空腹血糖、體重 、腎臟臟器系數(shù)、血清尿素氮、肌酐含量;HE染色觀察腎組織病理變化;免疫組化測(cè)定腎組織nephrin、podocin蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果:與對(duì)照組比較,模型組腎臟臟器系數(shù)增大,腎功能下降;病理學(xué)顯示腎臟細(xì)胞萎縮,排列不整齊,并伴有間質(zhì)增生;足細(xì)胞nephrin、podocin蛋白表達(dá)明顯減少,阿魏酸組明顯改善上述指標(biāo)。結(jié)論:阿魏酸具有改善STZ致糖尿病大鼠腎臟功能的作用,其機(jī)制可能與上調(diào)腎臟足細(xì)胞nephrin、podocin蛋白表達(dá)有關(guān)。
阿魏酸;糖尿病腎??;大鼠;足細(xì)胞;nephrin;podocin
糖尿病腎病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病常見(jiàn)的微血管并發(fā)癥之一,臨床特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為進(jìn)行性蛋白尿[1]。足細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)和功能損傷是引起DN蛋白尿的重要原因[2]。足細(xì)胞裂孔隔膜的特征蛋白nephrin、podocin,維持著足細(xì)胞的正常形態(tài)和功能,其異常表達(dá)與 DN的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[3]。阿魏酸,廣泛存在于阿魏、當(dāng)歸、川芎等中藥材,現(xiàn)代藥理學(xué)研究表明,阿魏酸具有鎮(zhèn)靜、保護(hù)心肌損傷、抗血小板聚集、抗炎等功效[4-5]。Choi[6]等研究發(fā)現(xiàn),阿魏酸通過(guò)減輕氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥反應(yīng)對(duì)糖尿病大鼠腎臟起保護(hù)作用,但阿魏酸對(duì)糖尿病腎病大鼠足細(xì)胞損傷是否具有保護(hù)作用,未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)STZ致糖尿病大鼠腎病模型,研究阿魏酸對(duì)糖尿病大鼠腎臟足細(xì)胞的保護(hù)作用并探討其可能的機(jī)制。
雄性SD大鼠,體重(190±10)g,浙江醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供,合格證號(hào):SCXK(浙)2008-0033。
鏈脲佐菌素,美國(guó)Sigma公司;阿魏酸,西安小草植物科技有限公司;血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)含量、考馬斯亮藍(lán)試劑盒,南京建成生物工程有限公司;兔抗大鼠podocin、兔抗大鼠nephrin,博士德生物技術(shù)有限公司。
AL204型電子天平(瑞士Mettler-Toledo公司);高速冷凍離心機(jī)(德國(guó)Thermo公司);HM325E型輪轉(zhuǎn)式石蠟切片機(jī)(德國(guó)Microm公司);血糖測(cè)試儀及試紙(美國(guó)Johnson公司)。
雄性SD大鼠,分籠飼養(yǎng)。隔夜禁食,尾靜脈一次性注射 STZ(40 mg/kg,STZ用 pH4.5、1 mol/L檸檬酸緩沖液溶解)。72 h后尾靜脈取血測(cè)定血糖水平,高于16.7 mmol/L者視為糖尿病造模成功,將其隨機(jī)分為模型組、阿魏酸組,每組10只。另取10只雄性SD大鼠作為對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組大鼠尾靜脈一次性注射相應(yīng)體積檸檬酸鈉緩沖溶液。給藥開(kāi)始于造模成功后第 5周,阿魏酸組(100 mg/kg,i.g.,qd)以0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉為溶媒,制成混懸液;對(duì)照組和模型組按體重給予相應(yīng)體積的0.5%羧甲基纖維素鈉溶液;連續(xù)8周。
空腹12 h后,尾靜脈取血,測(cè)定血糖。大鼠眼眶取血,靜置;3 500 r/min,4℃,離心,10 min;取血清測(cè)定肌酐、尿素氮(按試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)操作)。處死大鼠并迅速摘取腎臟,去除周?chē)炯敖Y(jié)締組織,生理鹽水洗凈后濾紙吸干,稱(chēng)取腎臟質(zhì)量,按末次體重計(jì)算腎臟臟器系數(shù)(腎臟臟器系數(shù)=腎臟重/體重)。取右側(cè)腎臟于生理鹽水冰浴條件下制成10%勻漿液;3 500 r/min,4℃,離心 10 min;取上清-20℃保存,用于蛋白含量測(cè)定。
取左側(cè)腎臟,4%多聚甲醛固定,石蠟包埋,切片(4μm),HE染色后,置光鏡下觀察病理變化。
Envision法檢測(cè) nephrin、podocin蛋白在腎臟的分布及表達(dá),DAB顯色15 min,流水沖洗,蘇木素復(fù)染。選取切片置于400倍光鏡下,取10個(gè)視野點(diǎn),采用Image-pro plus 5.0軟件分析,測(cè)定吸光度均值。
與對(duì)照組相比,模型組大鼠精神狀態(tài)較差,毛發(fā)光澤度低、散亂枯黃,反應(yīng)遲鈍,伴有多食、多飲、多尿癥狀,消瘦體、重減輕;血糖明顯升高(p<0.01)、腎臟臟器系數(shù)明顯增大(p<0.01)。阿魏酸組大鼠一般體征較對(duì)照組相近,三多一少癥狀減輕,血糖水平較模型組有所下降,但無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);臟器系數(shù)減?。╬<0.05,表1),提示阿魏酸對(duì)糖尿病大鼠腎臟肥大具有改善作用。
Tab.1 Changes of blood glucose,body weight and kidney organ coefficient(ˉx±s,n=10)
與對(duì)照組相比,模型組大鼠BUN、Cr水平均明顯升高(p<0.01),阿魏酸組 BUN、Cr水平較模型組均有下降(p<0.05,表2)。提示阿魏酸能改善糖尿病大鼠腎功能。
HE染色顯示:對(duì)照組腎小球結(jié)構(gòu)飽滿,體積正常,腎小管排列整齊,未出現(xiàn)腎小管-間質(zhì)損傷。模型組腎臟細(xì)胞萎縮,腎小球結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,發(fā)生空泡樣變化,系膜增生情況明顯,腎小管排列雜亂,腎小管-間質(zhì)損傷明顯。阿魏酸組:較模型組腎臟細(xì)胞萎縮減輕,腎小球結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,系膜增生情況減輕;腎小管排序正常;無(wú)明顯腎小管-間質(zhì)損傷(圖1)。
Tab.2 Comparison of serum levels of BUN and Cr(ˉx±s,n=10)
Fig.1 The pathological structure changes of rats(HE×200)A:Control group;B:Model group;C:FA group;FA:Fumalic acid
免疫組化結(jié)果顯示,對(duì)照組腎小球周?chē)休^多nephrin和podocin蛋白陽(yáng)性棕黃色顆粒;模型組腎小球周?chē)鷥H有微量棕黃色陽(yáng)性顆粒,與對(duì)照組比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p<0.01);阿魏酸組 nephrin和 podocin蛋白陽(yáng)性著色增加(p<0.01,圖 2、圖 3)。
Fig.2 Expressions of nephrin in renal tissues of rats(Immunohistochemical staining×400)A:Control group;B:Model group;C:FA group;FA:Fumalic acid**p<0.01 vs A;##p<0.01 vs B
Fig.3 Expressions of podocin in renal tissues of rats(Immunohistochemical staining×400)A:Control group;B:Model group;C:FA group;FA:Fumalic acid**p<0.01 vs A;##p<0.01 vs B
本實(shí)驗(yàn)以STZ誘導(dǎo)建立糖尿病腎病大鼠模型,大鼠空腹血糖升高,腎功能下降,HE染色顯示腎組織結(jié)構(gòu)受損,表明造模成功。經(jīng)阿魏酸干預(yù)后,足細(xì)胞特征蛋白nephrin、podocin表達(dá)上調(diào),腎組織受損程度減輕,腎功能明顯改善,說(shuō)明阿魏酸對(duì)腎臟具有保護(hù)作用。
腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)屏障由腎小球內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、腎小球基底膜和足細(xì)胞構(gòu)成。足細(xì)胞足突之間交叉形成裂孔,其上覆蓋的隔膜中表達(dá)多種特征蛋白。研究表明,DN早期即出現(xiàn)足細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)和功能損傷,足細(xì)胞特征蛋白的缺失,致使裂孔間隙增大,腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)屏障遭到破壞,蛋白隨原尿漏出。Nephrin是一種特異性表達(dá)于裂孔隔膜上的膜蛋白,Doublier[7]等研究發(fā)現(xiàn),糖尿病患者腎小球足細(xì)胞nephrin表達(dá)顯著減少;Podocin是另一種特異性表達(dá)于裂孔隔膜的膜蛋白,Baelde[8]等研究發(fā)現(xiàn) DN患者足細(xì)胞 podocin蛋白表達(dá)亦顯著降低。我們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn),與對(duì)照組相比,DN大鼠腎組織中nephrin、podocin蛋白表達(dá)均明顯下降,這與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道相一致。
阿魏酸在治療 DN方面取得一些進(jìn)展:Prabhakar[9]等報(bào)道,阿魏酸聯(lián)用降血糖藥二甲雙胍能明顯改善糖尿病大鼠腎功能。Ramar[10]等報(bào)道,阿魏酸通過(guò)抑制促炎因子NF-κβ表達(dá),減輕大鼠由糖尿病引起的腎臟炎性損傷。本實(shí)驗(yàn)我們發(fā)現(xiàn),阿魏酸亦能通過(guò)上調(diào)足細(xì)胞nephrin、podocin蛋白表達(dá),減輕糖尿病大鼠足細(xì)胞損傷。
綜上所述,DN導(dǎo)致足細(xì)胞特征蛋白 nephrin、podocin表達(dá)減少,加劇DN的發(fā)生發(fā)展。阿魏酸能減輕足細(xì)胞損傷,改善腎功能,保護(hù)腎臟,從而延緩DN的進(jìn)程,其機(jī)制可能與阿魏酸上調(diào)足細(xì)胞podocin、nephrin蛋白表達(dá)有關(guān)。由于臨床上尚缺乏針對(duì)DN有效的治療手段,因此,闡明阿魏酸對(duì)腎臟保護(hù)作用的機(jī)制,對(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)中藥治療臨床DN具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。
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Effects of ferulic acid on the expressions of nephrin and podocin in podocytes of diabetic rats
WANG Xu-tao,PAN Ding-yi,GUO Wei,CHEN Si-si,ZHOU Bin,YANG Jun-jie,QI Min-you△
(Department of Pharmacology,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China)
Objective:To investigate the effects of ferulic acid(FA)on the streptozocin(STZ)-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats and its possible mechanisms.Methods:Diabetes was induced in male SD rats by an injection of STZ(40 mg/kg,i.v.).After 72 hours,blood glucose levels were detected and blood glucose levels exceeded 16.7 mmol/L were diagnosed as diabetic model rats.Diabetic model rats were randomly divided into model group and FA group,ten animal in each group.Another 10 healthy male SD rats were treated as control group.The rats in FA group were treated with FA(100 mg/kg,i.g.,qd)from the5th week since the diabetic rats model was successfully established and lasted for 8 weeks.The levels of blood glucose,body weight,organ coefficient of kidney,blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were tested.HEstaining was employed to observe the pathological changes of the renal tissue.Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the protein of nephrin and podocin.Results:Compared to control group,the levels of blood glucose,organ coefficient of kidney,blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(sCr)were increased significantly.Renal cells from model group rats showed atrophied and disordered after HE staining and interstitial proliferation were also appeared in renal tissue of the model group.Meantime,the levels of nephrin and podocin protein were obviously decreased.These changes were significantly attenuated in the model group treated with FA.Conclusion:FA can evidently ameliorate renal damage in rats with diabetic nephropathy induced by STZ,which might be related to increase the level of nephrin and podocin protein.
ferulic acid; diabetic nephropathy; rat; podocytes; nephrin; podocin
R587.1
A
1000-6834(2017)06-564-04
10.12047/j.cjap.5475.2017.133
浙江省自然科學(xué)基金(LY16H280013);浙江省科技廳新苗人才計(jì)劃(2015R403050);浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃(2017094)
2016-07-18
2017-05-18
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