丁錦峰，蘇盛楠，梁 鵬，江孟孟，鄭麗潔，汪先鵬，李春燕，朱新開，郭文善

(揚(yáng)州大學(xué)江蘇省作物遺傳生理國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育點(diǎn)/糧食作物現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心/揚(yáng)州大學(xué)小麥研究中心，江蘇揚(yáng)州 225009)

拔節(jié)期和花后漬水對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量、干物質(zhì)及氮素積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響

丁錦峰，蘇盛楠，梁 鵬，江孟孟，鄭麗潔，汪先鵬，李春燕，朱新開，郭文善

(揚(yáng)州大學(xué)江蘇省作物遺傳生理國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育點(diǎn)/糧食作物現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心/揚(yáng)州大學(xué)小麥研究中心，江蘇揚(yáng)州 225009)

為給長(zhǎng)江中下游小麥大面積高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)栽培提供理論與實(shí)踐依據(jù)，以揚(yáng)輻麥4號(hào)為材料，研究拔節(jié)期和花后連續(xù)漬水5 d、10 d和15 d對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素、干物質(zhì)和氮素積累與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響。結(jié)果表明，拔節(jié)期和花后漬水處理均顯著降低了小麥產(chǎn)量、穗粒數(shù)、千粒重，并顯著降低了成熟期根和地上部、花后地上部干物質(zhì)和氮素積累量及根冠比。隨漬水時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)，漬水對(duì)產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素、干物質(zhì)和氮素積累及轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量的影響總體呈增大趨勢(shì)；籽粒產(chǎn)量、穗粒數(shù)、花后地上部干物質(zhì)與氮素積累量、根冠比在漬水5 d和10 d間差異不顯著，漬水5 d和15 d間差異顯著。拔節(jié)期與花后短期漬水處理間產(chǎn)量差異不顯著，但花后漬水15 d產(chǎn)量顯著低于拔節(jié)期漬水?；ê鬂n水對(duì)千粒重、花后地上部干物質(zhì)和氮素積累量、花前地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量的影響較大。

小麥；漬水時(shí)期；漬水持續(xù)時(shí)間；產(chǎn)量；干物質(zhì)；氮素

隨著全球氣候變暖，持續(xù)高強(qiáng)度降雨頻現(xiàn)，漬害發(fā)生趨于頻繁[1]，嚴(yán)重威脅小麥安全生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展。研究表明，漬水脅迫可降低小麥株高，抑制根和穗的生長(zhǎng)[2]；降低綠葉及根系抗衰老能力[2-4]；抑制光合、呼吸和蒸騰作用，減少光合物質(zhì)的積累與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)[3,5]；減緩灌漿后期籽粒灌漿速率[6]；使分蘗數(shù)減少、粒數(shù)下降、粒重降低，最終導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量下降[1,7]。漬水對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量形成的影響因土壤[8-9]、氣候[9]、品種[10]等不同存在差異。Shao等[11]研究認(rèn)為，拔節(jié)、孕穗期漬水對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響大于乳熟期；San等[12]研究認(rèn)為，開花期前后是小麥對(duì)漬水最為敏感的時(shí)期，其次是拔節(jié)期前后和灌漿期。孕穗期土壤漬水初期(0～5 d)，根干重略有增加，隨漬水時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)，根系衰老加劇[4]。長(zhǎng)江中下游地區(qū)是我國(guó)以稻麥輪作為主的小麥主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一，該區(qū)稻茬麥土壤浸水時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，土壤粘重、通透性差，小麥生育期間降水時(shí)空分布不均，局部時(shí)段陰雨天氣頻繁發(fā)生，降水時(shí)常超過小麥正常需水量，易導(dǎo)致麥田漬害。本研究以長(zhǎng)江中下游麥區(qū)主推品種揚(yáng)輻麥4號(hào)為材料，研究拔節(jié)期和花后連續(xù)漬水5 d、10 d和15 d對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素、干物質(zhì)和氮素積累與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響，以期為長(zhǎng)江中下游小麥大面積高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)栽培提供理論與實(shí)踐依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 供試品種與試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)概況

供試品種為揚(yáng)輻麥4號(hào)，由江蘇省里下河地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究所提供。試驗(yàn)于2015-2016年在揚(yáng)州大學(xué)江蘇省作物遺傳生理重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室盆缽試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)(32°39′E，119°42′N)進(jìn)行。試驗(yàn)用土為輕壤土，含有機(jī)質(zhì)14.61 g·kg-1，堿解氮52.35 mg·kg-1，速效磷37.35 mg·kg-1和速效鉀96.51 mg·kg-1。試驗(yàn)處理后溫度、降水量、日照時(shí)數(shù)見圖1。

1.2 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

試驗(yàn)采用盆栽，盆缽口直徑26 cm、底直徑18 cm、高26 cm，底部有8個(gè)排水孔。土壤過8 mm篩網(wǎng)，與基肥混勻后，每盆裝土11 kg，裝土后等量澆水自然沉實(shí)。每盆基施尿素(含46%N)0.85 g和復(fù)合肥(含15%N、15%P2O5和15%K2O)3.50 g；四葉期追施尿素0.35 g；倒三葉期追施尿素0.30 g和復(fù)合肥3.35 g。2015年11月3日播種，每盆精選種11粒，播種后覆土1 kg。三葉期留取生長(zhǎng)一致的植株6株。其余管理措施同大田高產(chǎn)栽培，手工拔除雜草。

采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)，以不漬水處理為對(duì)照(CK)，設(shè)拔節(jié)期開始連續(xù)漬水5 d(WE5)、10 d(WE10)和15 d(WE15)處理和開花期開始連續(xù)漬水5 d(WA5)、10 d(WA10)和15 d(WA15)共7組處理，每組處理20盆。漬水處理將盆缽放置于長(zhǎng)4 m、寬1.2 m、深30 cm水池中，保持水層高出盆缽?fù)撩?～2 cm；不漬水處理將盆缽置于自然條件下生長(zhǎng)，雨前移至遮雨棚，雨后移出。漬水處理結(jié)束后將盆缽移出水池，自然落干，此后正常澆水。盆缽底層和表層土壤體積含水量采用便攜式土壤水分測(cè)定儀(TZS-1K)監(jiān)測(cè)，保持土壤體積含水量15%～20%(土壤相對(duì)含量在75%左右，試驗(yàn)測(cè)定)，水分不足時(shí)各盆等量澆水。

1.3 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目與方法

1.3.1 干物質(zhì)積累量的測(cè)定

于開花期和成熟期每處理取樣3盆，植株按器官(莖鞘、葉、穎殼+穗軸、籽粒、根)分開，于105 ℃殺青1 h，80 ℃烘至恒重，測(cè)定干物重。

1.3.2 氮素積累量的測(cè)定

將1.3.1中的樣品粉碎，稱取0.25 g，用FOSS公司的Kjeltec TM 8400全自動(dòng)凱氏定氮儀測(cè)定含氮率，計(jì)算植株氮素積累量。

EB、EE5、EE10、EE15分別為拔節(jié)期漬水開始及漬水5、10、15 d處理結(jié)束的時(shí)間，AB、AE5、AE10、AE15分別為花后漬水開始及漬水5、10、15 d處理結(jié)束的時(shí)間。

EB,EE5,EE10,EE15 present time of waterlogging begin,0 d,5 d,10 d and 15 d waterlogging ending at elongation,respectively;AB,AE5,AE10,AE15 present time of waterlogging begin,0 d,5 d,10 d and 15 d waterlogging ending at after anthesis,respectively.

圖1試驗(yàn)處理后溫度、降水量、日照時(shí)數(shù)

1.3.3 產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素的測(cè)定

成熟期各處理調(diào)查5盆有效穗數(shù)和穗粒數(shù)，并收獲計(jì)產(chǎn)。脫粒自然晾干，測(cè)定千粒重及含水率，折算為含水率13%的產(chǎn)量。

1.4 相關(guān)指標(biāo)計(jì)算公式

花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量=成熟期地上部干物質(zhì)積累量-開花期地上部干物質(zhì)積累量

花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率=花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量/籽粒干物質(zhì)積累量

花前干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量=開花期營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官干物質(zhì)積累量-成熟期營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官干物質(zhì)積累量

根冠比=根干物質(zhì)積累量/地上部干物質(zhì)積累量

收獲指數(shù)=籽粒干物質(zhì)積累量/植株地上部干物質(zhì)積累量

花后地上部氮素積累量=成熟期地上部氮素積累量-開花期地上部氮素積累量

花后地上部氮素積累量對(duì)籽粒氮素的貢獻(xiàn)率=花后地上部氮素積累量/籽粒氮素積累量

花前氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量=開花期營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官氮素積累量-成熟期營(yíng)養(yǎng)器官氮素積累量

氮收獲指數(shù)=籽粒氮素積累量/植株地上部氮素積累量

1.5 數(shù)據(jù)處理

采用Excel 2003和DPS 7.05對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行方差分析和顯著性差異檢驗(yàn)。

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 漬水對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素的影響

由表1可知，拔節(jié)期和花后漬水對(duì)株穗數(shù)影響不顯著，但對(duì)穗粒數(shù)、千粒重和籽粒產(chǎn)量有極顯著影響(P<0.01)。拔節(jié)期漬水5～15 d，穗粒數(shù)、千粒重和籽粒產(chǎn)量分別下降7%～18%、5%～10%和13%～24%；漬水5 d與10 d處理間差異不顯著，與漬水15 d處理差異顯著。花后漬水5～15 d，穗粒數(shù)、千粒重和籽粒產(chǎn)量分別下降1%～9%、11%～25%和15%～34%，穗粒數(shù)和產(chǎn)量在漬水5 d和10 d處理間差異不顯著，均顯著高于漬水15 d處理，千粒重在不同處理間差異均達(dá)顯著水平。穗粒數(shù)、千粒重和籽粒產(chǎn)量均隨漬水時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而降幅增大。拔節(jié)期與花后短期漬水處理間產(chǎn)量差異不顯著，但花后漬水15 d的產(chǎn)量顯著低于拔節(jié)期漬水15 d。拔節(jié)期漬水對(duì)穗粒數(shù)的影響大于花后漬水，但對(duì)千粒重的影響小于花后漬水。相關(guān)性分析表明，籽粒產(chǎn)量與穗粒數(shù)和千粒重均呈線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系，與千粒重相關(guān)性達(dá)顯著水平(r=0.89**)。

表1 拔節(jié)期和花后漬水處理對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量及其結(jié)構(gòu)的影響Table 1 Effect of waterlogging at elongation and anthesis on yield and yield components in wheat

CK：對(duì)照；WE5、WE10、WE15和WA5、WA10、WA15分別表示拔節(jié)期和花后漬水5 d、10 d和15 d處理。同列數(shù)據(jù)后不同字母表示處理間差異顯著(P<0.05)。*：P<0.05;**：P<0.01。下同。

CK:Control; WE5,WE10,WE15,and WA5,WA10 and WA15 represent waterlogging treatments of the duration at 5,10 and 15 days at elongation and after anthesis,respectively. Significant difference among different treatments is indicated with different letters following data(P<0.05). *：P<0.05;**：P<0.01.The same in table 2 and 3.

2.2 漬水對(duì)干物質(zhì)積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量的影響

由表2和圖2可知，拔節(jié)期漬水15 d顯著降低了開花期根和地上部干物質(zhì)積累量；花后漬水15 d顯著降低了花前地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量和收獲指數(shù)；拔節(jié)期和花后漬水均顯著降低了成熟期根部干物質(zhì)積累量、花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量及其對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率和根冠比(WE5和WA5除外)。

隨漬水持續(xù)時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)，開花期和成熟期根和地上部、花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量、花前地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量、根冠比和收獲指數(shù)逐漸降低(花后漬水5～15 d的開花期干物質(zhì)積累量除外)。拔節(jié)期漬水5 d和10 d處理間開花期根和地上部、成熟期地上部、花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量及其對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率和根冠比差異不顯著，但漬水15 d處理顯著低于漬水5 d(開花期干物質(zhì)積累量除外)；拔節(jié)期不同漬水處理間成熟期根干物質(zhì)積累量差異顯著?；ê蟛煌瑵n水處理間成熟期根干物質(zhì)積累量差異顯著；成熟期地上部干物質(zhì)積累量和花后地上部積累干物質(zhì)對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率差異不顯著；花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量、花前地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量、根冠比和收獲指數(shù)在漬水5 d和10 d處理間差異不顯著，但漬水15 d處理顯著低于漬水5 d。

總體而言，拔節(jié)期漬水對(duì)成熟期根和地上部干物質(zhì)積累量影響大于花后漬水，但對(duì)花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量和花前地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量影響小于花后漬水。相關(guān)性分析表明，籽粒產(chǎn)量與成熟期根、花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量及其對(duì)產(chǎn)量的貢獻(xiàn)率、花前地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量、根冠比和收獲指數(shù)均呈顯著線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.83*、0.98**、0.74*、0.80*、0.87*和0.78*)。

2.3 漬水對(duì)小麥氮素積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響

由表3可知，漬水對(duì)開花期根和地上部氮素積累量、成熟期根、籽粒和地上部氮素積累量、花前地上部氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量和花后地上部氮素積累量及其對(duì)籽粒氮素的貢獻(xiàn)率均有顯著或極顯著影響。對(duì)氮收獲指數(shù)影響不顯著。

表2 拔節(jié)期和花后漬水處理對(duì)小麥干物質(zhì)積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的影響Table 2 Effects of waterlogging duration at elongation and anthesis on dry matter accumulation(DMA) and remobilization(DMR) in wheat

DMAA:Dry matter accumulation at anthesis; DMAM:Dry matter accumulation at maturity; PDMA:Post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in shoot; PDMR:Pre-anthesis dry matter remobilization in shoot; CPDMA:Contribution of post-anthesis dry matter remobilization in shoot to yield.

圖2 拔節(jié)期和花后漬水處理對(duì)小麥根冠比和收獲指數(shù)的影響

處理Treatment開花期氮素積累量NAA/(mg·plant-1)根Root地上部Shoot成熟期氮素積累量NAM/(mg·plant-1)根Root籽粒Grain地上部Shoot花后地上部氮素積累量PNA/(mg·plant-1)花后地上部氮素積累量對(duì)籽粒氮素的貢獻(xiàn)率CPNA/%花前地上部氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量PNR/(mg·plant-1)氮收獲指數(shù)NitrogenharvestindexCK28.00a130.60a20.37a136.90a178.27a47.60a34.77a89.30a0.770aWE526.90ab117.30ab15.70bc114.11b149.80b32.47b28.47b81.63ab0.760aWE1026.50ab105.31bc12.23de102.97bc135.03bc29.73bc28.87bc73.20bc0.763aWE1524.97b93.83c9.03f91.80c118.42c24.10d26.28c67.67c0.777aWA527.97a130.63a16.80b113.63b156.57ab25.90cd22.78d87.77a0.727abWA1028.00a130.67a13.67cd109.22b152.47b21.81d19.98e87.37a0.717abWA1528.00a130.63a11.30e91.23c136.10bc5.43e5.96f85.83a0.670bF值Fvalue2.87*8.57**29.24**13.61**5.80**81.27**164.80**4.31**1.69ns

NAA:Nitrogen accumulation at anthesis; NAM:Nitrogen accumulation at maturity; PNA:Post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in shoot; CPNA:Contribution of post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation in shoot to nitrogen accumulation in grain; PNR:Pre-anthesis nitrogen remobilization in shoot.

隨漬水持續(xù)時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)，開花期根和地上部、成熟期根、籽粒和地上部氮素積累量、花后地上部氮素積累量及其對(duì)籽粒氮素的貢獻(xiàn)率和花前地上部氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量逐漸降低(花后漬水處理的開花期根與地上部氮素積累量除外)。拔節(jié)期不同漬水處理間開花期根氮素積累量差異不顯著；成熟期根氮素積累量差異顯著；開花期根和地上部、成熟期籽粒和地上部、花后地上部氮素積累量及其對(duì)籽粒氮素貢獻(xiàn)率和花前地上部氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量在拔節(jié)期漬水5 d和10 d處理間差異均不顯著，但漬水15 d處理顯著低于漬水5 d(開花期根氮素積累量除外)?；ê蟛煌瑵n水處理間成熟期根氮素積累量和花后氮素積累對(duì)籽粒氮素貢獻(xiàn)率差異顯著；成熟期籽粒和花后地上部氮素積累量在漬水5 d和10 d處理間差異不顯著，但漬水15 d處理顯著低于漬水5 d；成熟期地上部氮素積累量、花前地上部氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量和氮收獲指數(shù)差異不顯著。

總體而言，拔節(jié)期漬水對(duì)成熟期根和地上部氮素積累量影響大于花后漬水，但對(duì)花后地上部氮素積累量及其對(duì)籽粒氮素的貢獻(xiàn)率影響小于花后漬水。籽粒產(chǎn)量與成熟期根、籽粒和地上部氮素積累量和花后地上部氮素積累量均呈顯著線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.87*、0.95**、0.80*和0.96**)。籽粒氮素積累量與成熟期根和地上部氮素積累量和花后地上部氮素積累量均呈顯著線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.96*、0.94**和0.85*)。

3 討 論

不同生育時(shí)期漬水對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素的影響不盡相同。Araki等[13]研究認(rèn)為，拔節(jié)期或花后漬水造成產(chǎn)量下降的主要原因是千粒重的降低。吳建國(guó)等[2]研究認(rèn)為，不同生育時(shí)期漬水均會(huì)造成穗數(shù)、穗粒數(shù)和千粒重不同程度下降，抽穗期漬水主要影響穗粒數(shù)和千粒重，灌漿期漬水主要影響千粒重。Hossain等[6]研究認(rèn)為，花前漬水對(duì)籽粒灌漿和產(chǎn)量影響不顯著，花后漬水顯著降低產(chǎn)量和千粒重。吳進(jìn)東等[7]研究認(rèn)為，花后漬水對(duì)成穗數(shù)影響不顯著，但降低穗粒數(shù)、千粒重和產(chǎn)量。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，拔節(jié)期和花后漬水對(duì)株穗數(shù)影響不顯著，均顯著降低了穗粒數(shù)、千粒重和產(chǎn)量，與Araki等[13]和吳建國(guó)等[2]研究結(jié)果有所差異，可能與試驗(yàn)條件和品種有關(guān)。

Shao等[11]研究認(rèn)為，拔節(jié)至孕穗期漬水明顯降低小麥地上部及根干物質(zhì)積累量和根冠比。李金才等[14]研究認(rèn)為，孕穗期漬害會(huì)降低植株地上和地下部干重。胡繼超等[15]研究認(rèn)為，不同生育期漬水均會(huì)影響小麥植株器官干物質(zhì)積累和分配，漬水后干物質(zhì)在地下部的分配比例下降，根冠比明顯降低。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，拔節(jié)期和花后漬水15 d均顯著降低成熟期根和地上部、花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量和根冠比；籽粒產(chǎn)量與成熟期根、花后地上部干物質(zhì)積累量、花前地上部干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量、根冠比均呈顯著線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系。謝祝捷等[16]研究認(rèn)為，花后漬水會(huì)引起小麥劍葉凈光合速率和葉綠素含量的快速下降，這可能是漬水造成干物質(zhì)積累量降低的生理原因之一。姜 東等[3]和謝祝捷等[16]研究表明，花后漬水會(huì)降低小麥花前貯藏氮再轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)和花后同化物及氮素輸入籽粒量。周蘇玫等[17]研究認(rèn)為，漬水會(huì)造成根系氮素積累量下降。Herzog等[18]認(rèn)為漬水造成的土壤缺氧會(huì)限制根系氮素吸收以及向地上部的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致植株缺氮，影響地上部生長(zhǎng)和籽粒產(chǎn)量。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，拔節(jié)期和花后漬水15 d均顯著降低了成熟期根和地上部、花后地上部氮素積累量，拔節(jié)期漬水顯著降低花前地上部氮素轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量；籽粒產(chǎn)量與成熟期根和地上部氮素積累量和花后地上部氮素積累量均呈顯著線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系。周蘇玫等[17]研究認(rèn)為，隨漬水時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)根系生物量和氮素積累量逐漸下降。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，隨漬水時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)，漬水對(duì)產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素、干物質(zhì)和氮素積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量的影響總體呈增大趨勢(shì)，但籽粒產(chǎn)量、穗粒數(shù)、花后地上部干物質(zhì)和氮素積累量、根冠比在漬水5 d和10 d處理間差異不顯著，5 d和15 d處理間差異顯著。

Araki等[13]研究表明，花后漬水對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響大于拔節(jié)期漬水。Hossain等[6]研究表明，花后漬水14 d小麥產(chǎn)量下降約40%，花前漬水對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響不明顯。吳進(jìn)東等[7]研究表明，小麥籽粒形成期(花后5～8 d)漬水對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響大于乳熟期(花后15～18 d)，產(chǎn)量降幅約在20%。周蘇玫等[17]研究認(rèn)為，孕穗期后漬水對(duì)小麥根系生長(zhǎng)與營(yíng)養(yǎng)代謝的影響隨生育進(jìn)程推移而增大?？梢姡叭藢?duì)漬水影響小麥生長(zhǎng)的敏感時(shí)期及其傷害程度結(jié)果不盡相同，這可能與試驗(yàn)的土壤、氣候、品種等有關(guān)。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，拔節(jié)期和花后漬水5～10 d產(chǎn)量下降13%～19%，漬水15 d降幅達(dá)24%以上，但兩時(shí)期短期漬水處理間產(chǎn)量差異不顯著，花后漬水15 d 產(chǎn)量顯著低于拔節(jié)期漬水?；ê鬂n水對(duì)千粒重、花后地上部干物質(zhì)和氮素積累量、花前地上部積累干物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)量影響較大。本試驗(yàn)在拔節(jié)期漬水處理期間降雨較少、日照充沛，而花后漬水處理8 d后基本處于陰雨天氣，弱光脅迫可能是花后15 d 漬水處理產(chǎn)量顯著低于拔節(jié)期漬水的原因之一，對(duì)于漬水與弱光復(fù)合脅迫對(duì)小麥產(chǎn)量形成的影響有待進(jìn)一步研究。

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EffectofWaterloggingatElongationorAfterAnthesisonGrainYieldandAccumulationandRemobilizationofDryMatterandNitrogeninWheat

DINGJinfeng,SUShengnan,LIANGPeng,JIANGMengmeng,ZHENGLijie,WANGXianpeng,LIChunyan,ZHUXinkai,GUOWenshan

(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Yangzhou Wheat Research Institute,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)

In order to provide the information on high and stable yield of wheat in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,a greenhouse experiment,using wheat variety Yangfumai 4,was designed to investigate the effects of 5-,10- and 15-day waterlogging at elongation stage and after anthesis on yield,yield components,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in wheat. Waterlogging treatment at both of the two stages significantly decreased the yield,kernels per spike,1 000-kernels weight,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation amount of root and shoot at maturity and post-anthesis shoot,and root-shoot ratio. An increasing trend of waterlogging-induced reduction in yield,yield components,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization was observed along with the extended waterlogging duration. No significant differences between 5- and 10-day waterlogging treatments were found in yield,kernels per spike,post-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen accumulation amount in shoot,and root-shoot ratio,while the results between 5- and 15-day waterlogging treatments showed significant difference.There were no significant differences between/among short-term waterlogging treatment at elongation and after anthesis. However,the yield under 15-day waterlogging after anthesis was significantly lower than that at the elongation stage. In general,the effects of waterlogging after anthesis on 1 000-kernels weight,post-anthesis dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in shoot,and pre-anthesis dry matter remobilization in shoot were significantly higher than that at elongation. It was suggested that the effects of waterlogging on yield,yield components,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in wheat relies on the waterlogging stage and its duration.

Wheat; Waterlogging stages; Waterlogging duration; Yield; Dry matter; Nitrogen

時(shí)間：2017-11-14

網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址：http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1359.S.20171114.1027.016.html

2017-03-17

2017-04-19

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31401317)；國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300405)；教育部高等學(xué)校博士學(xué)科點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)科研基金項(xiàng)目(20133250110001)；江蘇高校品牌專業(yè)建設(shè)工程資助項(xiàng)目(PPZY2015A060)；江蘇高校優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目；江蘇高校優(yōu)秀科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目；揚(yáng)州大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目；揚(yáng)州大學(xué)大學(xué)生科技創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目

E-mail：jfdin@yzu.edu.cn

郭文善(E-mail:wheat@yzu.edu.cn)

S512.1；S311

A

1009-1041(2017)11-1473-07