廉 維,吳群紅
150081黑龍江省哈爾濱市,哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)社會醫(yī)學(xué)教研室
國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架在冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)中應(yīng)用效果-費用的對比研究
廉 維,吳群紅
150081黑龍江省哈爾濱市,哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)社會醫(yī)學(xué)教研室
目的比較國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架在冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果及費用。方法選取2013年在哈爾濱某三甲醫(yī)院行冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)的冠心病患者791例,根據(jù)支架類型分為使用國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架者398例(A組)和使用進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架者393例(B組)。A組患者置入上海微創(chuàng)Firebird Ⅱ藥物洗脫支架,B組患者置入美國美敦力Endenvor藥物洗脫支架?;仡櫺苑治鰞山M患者的病歷資料,比較兩組患者手術(shù)成功率、冠狀動脈病變部位、置入支架數(shù)量、臨床轉(zhuǎn)歸、住院相關(guān)費用及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果兩組患者均順利完成手術(shù),手術(shù)成功率均為100.0%。兩組患者左主干、前降支、回旋支、后降支、鈍緣支、對角支、右冠狀動脈病變者所占比例及置入支架數(shù)量比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者好轉(zhuǎn)率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者檢查費用、檢驗費用及手術(shù)費用比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);B組患者床位費用、材料費用及住院總費用均高于A組,藥物費用低于A組(P<0.05)。住院期間兩組患者均未出現(xiàn)再發(fā)心絞痛、急性閉塞、急性血栓形成等。結(jié)論國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架在冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果相當(dāng),但國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架可降低患者的醫(yī)療費用。
冠心??;冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù);藥物洗脫支架;費用效益分析;療效比較研究
近年來,隨著人口老齡化進(jìn)程加劇,冠心病已成為全球范圍內(nèi)的常見疾病及危害人類健康的第一殺手。經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療術(shù)(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)因操作簡便、創(chuàng)傷較小、患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)快、臨床療效可靠等優(yōu)勢而在臨床廣泛應(yīng)用[1-3],尤其是支架置入術(shù),其已成為治療冠心病的主要手段之一[4]。既往研究結(jié)果顯示,使用進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架可降低支架置入術(shù)后患者支架內(nèi)再狹窄及梗死相關(guān)動脈再次血運重建發(fā)生率[5-7],但患者醫(yī)療費用昂貴。近年來,隨著我國醫(yī)療技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展及推進(jìn),國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架逐漸用于臨床,但對比國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架應(yīng)用效果的研究報道較少。本研究旨在比較國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架在冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果及費用,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡26~82歲;(2)具備冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)指征(即病變血管狹窄率>75%);(3)病歷資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)對造影劑、阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、肝素、藥物涂層及金屬支架過敏者;(2)有抗血小板聚集藥物禁忌證或抗凝治療禁忌證者;(3)有心移植術(shù)史者;(4)合并心臟瓣膜疾病者;(5)妊娠期婦女。
1.2 一般資料 選取2013年在哈爾濱某三甲醫(yī)院行冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)的冠心病患者791例,根據(jù)支架類型分為使用國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架者398例(A組)和使用進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架者393例(B組)。兩組患者年齡、性別、高血壓發(fā)生率、糖尿病發(fā)生率、高脂血癥發(fā)生率、腦血管疾病史、吸煙史比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。
1.3 治療方法 兩組患者均行冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù),具體如下:術(shù)前1 d及手術(shù)當(dāng)天口服阿司匹林300 mg和氯吡格雷300 mg,根據(jù)患者具體情況選擇使用血小板糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受體拮抗劑[8];術(shù)中A組患者置入上海微創(chuàng)Firebird Ⅱ藥物洗脫支架,B組患者置入美國美敦力Endenvor藥物洗脫支架;術(shù)后患者如無禁忌證即刻接受抗血栓治療,注意監(jiān)測血尿便常規(guī)及凝血指標(biāo);囑患者出院后服用阿司匹林100 mg/晚、氯吡格雷75 mg/d至少12個月。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo) 回顧性分析兩組患者的病歷資料,記錄患者一般資料(包括年齡、性別、高血壓發(fā)生情況、糖尿病發(fā)生情況、高脂血癥發(fā)生情況、腦血管疾病史及吸煙史)、手術(shù)成功率、冠狀動脈病變部位、置入支架數(shù)量、臨床轉(zhuǎn)歸、住院相關(guān)費用(包括床位費用、藥物費用、檢查費用、檢驗費用、手術(shù)費用、材料費用及住院總費用)及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。其中手術(shù)成功判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]如下:(1)支架貼壁良好;(2)支架膨脹良好(支架膨脹面積≥5 mm2);(3)術(shù)后冠狀動脈TIMI分級為Ⅲ級;(4)無PCI相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,如主要分支受壓或急性閉塞、嚴(yán)重夾層、血栓形成、慢復(fù)流和無復(fù)流、支架脫載、巨大血腫、休克等。按照《國際疾病分類(ICD-10)應(yīng)用指導(dǎo)手冊》[10]將臨床轉(zhuǎn)歸分為臨床治愈(治療后疾病癥狀消失,功能完全恢復(fù))、好轉(zhuǎn)(治療后疾病癥狀減輕,功能有所恢復(fù))、未愈(治療后疾病癥狀無變化甚至發(fā)生惡化)及死亡。
2.1 手術(shù)成功率 兩組患者均順利完成手術(shù),手術(shù)成功率均為100.0%。
2.2 冠狀動脈病變部位 兩組患者左主干、前降支、回旋支、后降支、鈍緣支、對角支、右冠狀動脈病變者所占比例比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表2)。
2.3 置入支架數(shù)量 兩組患者置入支架數(shù)量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(u=1.176,P=0.240,見表3)。
表3 兩組患者置入支架數(shù)量比較(例)
Table3 Comparison of number of implanted stents between the two groups
組別例數(shù)1枚2枚≥3枚A組39824211244B組393257 93 43
2.4 臨床轉(zhuǎn)歸 A組患者治愈0例,好轉(zhuǎn)398例(100.0%),未愈0例,死亡0例;B組患者治愈0例,好轉(zhuǎn)393例(100.0%),未愈0例,死亡0例。兩組患者好轉(zhuǎn)率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.000,P=1.000)。
2.5 住院相關(guān)費用 兩組患者檢查費用、檢驗費用及手術(shù)費用比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);B組患者床位費用、材料費用及住院總費用均高于A組,藥物費用低于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表4)。
2.6 并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況 住院期間兩組患者均未再發(fā)心絞痛、急性閉塞、急性血栓形成等。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較
注:a為t值
表2 兩組患者冠狀動脈病變部位比較〔n(%)〕
表4 兩組患者住院相關(guān)費用比較〔M(Q1,Q3)元〕
目前,冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)已成為治療冠心病的重要手段,其能有效降低支架內(nèi)再狹窄發(fā)生率,但支架置入后仍有平滑肌細(xì)胞增生,故仍會發(fā)生支架內(nèi)再狹窄。目前,臨床普遍認(rèn)為進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架治療冠心病安全、有效,但因價格昂貴而較難被廣大患者接受,國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架恰好彌補這一缺點。據(jù)統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,目前使用國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架的患者占所有使用藥物洗脫支架患者的60%以上[11]。因此,比較國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架應(yīng)用效果具有重要的臨床意義。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者手術(shù)成功率和好轉(zhuǎn)率均為100.0%,且住院期間均未再發(fā)心絞痛、急性閉塞、急性血栓形成等,提示國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架在冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果相似,與李東寶等[12]研究結(jié)果相一致。除治療效果外,醫(yī)療費用也是影響住院患者預(yù)后的主要因素,醫(yī)療費用昂貴可增加患者經(jīng)濟負(fù)擔(dān),從而影響患者選擇治療方案。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者檢查費用、檢驗費用及手術(shù)費用間無差異,但B組患者床位費用、材料費用及住院總費用均高于A組,藥物費用低于A組,提示進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架醫(yī)療費用高于國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架,且使用國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架在醫(yī)保報銷方面可能存在優(yōu)勢[13]。
綜上所述,國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架在冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果相當(dāng),但國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架可降低患者的醫(yī)療費用。本研究為回顧性研究,且未進(jìn)行隨訪觀察,故國產(chǎn)藥物洗脫支架治療冠心病患者的遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后仍需前瞻性研究進(jìn)一步證實。
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2017-10-20)
(本文編輯:謝武英)
Cost-benefitAnalysisonIntracoronaryStentImplantationbetweenDomesticandImportedDrugElutingStent
LIANWei,WUQun-hong
TeachingandResearchOfficeofSocialMedicine,HarbinMedicalUniversity,Harbin150001,China
WUQun-hong,E-mail:wuqunhong@163.com
ObjectiveTo compare the application effect and cost in intracoronary stent implantation between domestic and imported drug eluting stent.MethodsA total of 791 coronary heart disease patients undergoing intracoronary stent implantation were selected in a Grade 3 and first-class hospital in 2013,and they were divided into A group(using domestic drug eluting stent,n=398)and B group(using imported drug eluting stent,n=393)according to the types of stents.During the intracoronary stent implantation,patients of A group used Shanghai Minimally-invasive Firebird Ⅱ Drug-eluting Stents,while patients of B group received United States Medtronic Endenvor Drug Eluting Stents.Clinical data,operative success rate,locations of coronary artery lesions,number of implanted stents,clinical outcome,hospitalization related expenses and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.ResultsPatients of the two groups completed the operation successfully,the operative success rates of the two groups were both 100.0%.No statistically significant differences of proportion patients with left main coronary artery lesions,with anterior descending branch lesions,with circumflex branch lesions,with posterior descending branch lesions,with obtusemarginal branch lesions,with diagonal branch lesions,with right coronary artery lesions,or number of implanted stents was found between the two groups(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of improvement rate was found between the two groups(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of examination expense,inspection expense or operation expense was found between the two groups(P>0.05);ward bed expense,material expense and total hospitalization related expenses of B group were statistically significantly more than those of A group,durg casts of B group was statistically significantly lower than that of A group(P<0.05).No one of the two groups occurred recurrent angina pectoris,acute occlusion or acute thrombosis during hospitalization.ConclusionDomestic and imported drug eluting stent have similar application effect on intracoronary stent implantation,but using domestic drug eluting stent can significantly reduce the medical expenses.
Coronary disease;Intracoronary stent implantation;Drug-eluting stents;Cost-benefit analysis;Comparative effectiveness research
通信作者:吳群紅,E-mail:wuqunhong@163.com
R 541.4
B
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.10.020
廉維,吳群紅.國產(chǎn)與進(jìn)口藥物洗脫支架在冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)中應(yīng)用效果-費用的對比研究[J].實用心腦肺血管病雜志,2017,25(10):79-82.[www.syxnf.net]
LIAN W,WU Q H.Cost-benefit analysis on intracoronary stent implantation between domestic and imported drug eluting stent[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(10):79-82.