朱曉英,蔣代富,劉志江(.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院體檢科,貴州遵義563003;2.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,貴州遵義563003)
PCI術(shù)前阿托伐他汀強化給藥對非ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者術(shù)后相關(guān)指標(biāo)的影響
朱曉英1*,蔣代富1,劉志江2#(1.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院體檢科,貴州遵義563003;2.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,貴州遵義563003)
目的:探討經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入術(shù)(PCI)術(shù)前阿托伐他汀強化給藥對非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者術(shù)后血脂、炎癥反應(yīng)及主要不良心臟事件(MACE)發(fā)生的影響。方法:120例擇期行PCI術(shù)的NSTEMI患者隨機分為對照組(60例)和觀察組(60例)。兩組患者入院后立即口服阿司匹林腸溶片0.3 g,每日1次+硫酸氫氯吡格雷片300 mg,每日1次,術(shù)后繼續(xù)用藥,共用12周。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對照組患者術(shù)后立即給予阿托伐他汀鈣片口服首次80 mg,后40 mg,每日1次,連用12周;觀察組患者在對照組治療的基礎(chǔ)上于術(shù)前6 h口服阿托伐他汀鈣片40 mg。觀察兩組患者手術(shù)前后三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白細胞介素10(IL-10)水平和術(shù)后MACE發(fā)生率、術(shù)后再住院率及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:兩組患者手術(shù)前后TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后,兩組患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平均顯著高于同組術(shù)前,但觀察組顯著低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組患者術(shù)后MACE發(fā)生率、術(shù)后再住院率、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:PCI術(shù)前阿托伐他汀強化給藥可有效降低NSTEMI患者術(shù)后的炎癥反應(yīng)水平,但對血脂水平和MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險無顯著改善,且未增加不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。
經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入術(shù);阿托伐他汀;強化給藥;非ST段抬高性心肌梗死;血脂;炎癥反應(yīng);主要不良心臟事件
急性冠狀動脈綜合征是以冠狀動脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂或侵襲,繼發(fā)完全或不完全閉塞性血栓形成為病理基礎(chǔ)的一組臨床綜合征,包括ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)、非ST段抬高性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)和不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛幾種類型。目前,經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入術(shù)(PCI)是急性冠狀動脈綜合征臨床治療的主要策略,但術(shù)中可引起微血栓脫落,術(shù)后可加重患者的炎癥反應(yīng)和內(nèi)皮損傷,從而導(dǎo)致圍術(shù)期主要不良心臟事件(MACE)發(fā)生風(fēng)險上升,可能威脅患者的生命安全[1]。因此,如何有效地預(yù)防急性冠狀動脈綜合征患者圍術(shù)期MACE發(fā)生,改善預(yù)后,已成為臨床關(guān)注的重點。國外有研究顯示,急性冠狀動脈綜合征患者PCI術(shù)前通過給予他汀類藥物可提高早期臨床獲益,這可能與該類藥物可提高損傷斑塊穩(wěn)定性、改善血管內(nèi)皮細胞功能及下調(diào)機體炎癥反應(yīng)水平密切相關(guān)[2-3]。但國內(nèi)相關(guān)隨機對照研究仍較為缺乏,尚無更多臨床證據(jù)。為此,在本研究中筆者觀察了PCI術(shù)前阿托伐他汀強化給藥對NSTEMI患者術(shù)后血脂、炎癥反應(yīng)及MACE發(fā)生的影響,旨在為臨床提供參考。
選擇2015年5月-2016年5月我院收治的120例擇期行PCI術(shù)的NSTEMI患者。按隨機數(shù)字表法將所有患者分為對照組(60例)和觀察組(60例)。兩組患者性別、年齡等基本資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,詳見表1。本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會審核通過,所有患者或其家屬均簽署了知情同意書。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)均符合《中國經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療指南2012(簡體)》中的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及PCI術(shù)指征[4];(2)年齡18~80歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)既往有冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)(CABG)及外周動脈疾病史;(2)發(fā)熱及全身感染;(3)入組前6個月有出血性腦卒中或臟器出血史;(4)左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)<30%;(5)丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)和/或天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)水平為正常值2倍及以上;(6)腎功能障礙;(7)入組前2周內(nèi)口服降脂類藥物;(8)免疫系統(tǒng)疾病;(9)造影劑過敏;(10)臨床資料不全。
表1 兩組患者基本資料比較(±s)Tab 1 Comparison of general data of patients between 2 groups(±s)
表1 兩組患者基本資料比較(±s)Tab 1 Comparison of general data of patients between 2 groups(±s)
項目男性/女性,例年齡,歲血肌酐(Scr),μmol/L體質(zhì)量指數(shù),kg/m2放置支架數(shù)量,個吸煙,例(%)造影劑使用劑量,mL住院期間使用藥物,例(%)血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)化酶抑制劑β受體阻滯藥合并基礎(chǔ)疾病,例(%)原發(fā)性高血壓高脂血癥糖尿病對照組(n=60)33/27 64.20±5.76 88.37±9.28 25.61±3.28 1.17±0.33 40(66.67)194.71±35.86觀察組(n=60)31/29 64.02±5.70 88.69±9.32 25.50±3.24 1.21±0.35 43(71.67)192.43±31.69 49(81.67)54(90.00)46(76.67)55(91.67)29(48.33)38(63.33)15(25.00)33(55.00)37(61.67)17(28.33)
兩組患者入院后立即口服阿司匹林腸溶片(蓋天力醫(yī)藥控股集團制藥股份有限公司,規(guī)格:0.3 g/片,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H32024179)0.3 g,每日1次+硫酸氫氯吡格雷片(河南樂普藥業(yè)股份有限公司,規(guī)格:75 mg/片,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20123116)300 mg,每日1次,術(shù)后繼續(xù)用藥,共用12周。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對照組患者術(shù)后立即給予阿托伐他汀鈣片(北京嘉林藥業(yè)股份有限公司,規(guī)格:20 mg/片,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20093819)口服,首次80 mg,后40 mg,每日1次,連用12周;觀察組患者在對照組治療的基礎(chǔ)上于術(shù)前6 h口服阿托伐他汀鈣片40 mg。兩組患者術(shù)前12 h至術(shù)后24 h給予0.9%氯化鈉注射液(山西宏寶藥業(yè)有限公司,規(guī)格:250 mL∶2.25 g,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20043131)1 mL/(kg·h)水化。
觀察兩組患者手術(shù)前后三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)、腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、白細胞介素10(IL-10)水平和術(shù)后MACE發(fā)生率、術(shù)后再住院率及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。MACE包括非致死性心肌梗死、充血性心力衰竭及心源性死亡。采用COBAS INTEGRA 800型全自動生化分析儀(瑞士羅氏公司)以酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測上述相關(guān)指標(biāo)(試劑盒由美國貝克曼庫爾特有限公司提供)。
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析。計量資料以±s表示,采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以率表示,采用χ2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
兩組患者手術(shù)前后TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見表2。
術(shù)前,兩組患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)后,兩組患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平均顯著高于同組術(shù)前,但觀察組顯著低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見表3。
表2 兩組患者手術(shù)前后TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平比較(±s,mmol/L)Tab 2 Comparison of levels of TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C between 2 groups before and after operation(±s,mmol/L)
表2 兩組患者手術(shù)前后TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平比較(±s,mmol/L)Tab 2 Comparison of levels of TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C between 2 groups before and after operation(±s,mmol/L)
組別對照組n 60 TG術(shù)前2.06±0.57術(shù)后1.98±0.54 TC術(shù)前4.54±0.84術(shù)后4.46±0.80 HDL-C術(shù)前0.96±0.19術(shù)后1.00±0.24 LDL-C術(shù)前2.52±0.74術(shù)后2.60±0.77
表3 兩組患者手術(shù)前后hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平比較(±s)Tab 3 Comparison of the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α and IL-10 between 2 groups before and after operation(±s)
表3 兩組患者手術(shù)前后hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平比較(±s)Tab 3 Comparison of the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α and IL-10 between 2 groups before and after operation(±s)
注:與術(shù)前比較,*P<0.05;與對照組比較,#P<0.05Note:vs.before operation,*P<0.05;vs.control group,#P<0.05
術(shù)后12.61±1.85*8.87±1.30*#組別對照組觀察組n 60 60 hs-CRP,mg/L術(shù)前2.82±0.87 2.86±0.89術(shù)后5.72±1.40*4.55±1.13*#TNF-α,ng/L術(shù)前7.52±1.18 7.46±1.14術(shù)后13.58±2.06*8.63±1.47*#IL-10,ng/L術(shù)前7.31±1.07 7.23±1.10
兩組患者術(shù)后MACE發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見表4。
表4 兩組患者術(shù)后MACE發(fā)生率比較(例)Tab 4 Comparison of the incidence of post-operative MACE between 2 groups(case)
對照組有4例患者術(shù)后再住院,再住院率為6.67%;觀察組有2例患者術(shù)后再住院,再住院率為3.33%。兩組患者術(shù)后再住院率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
對照組患者出現(xiàn)腹瀉2例、惡心嘔吐1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為5.00%;觀察組患者出現(xiàn)腹瀉2例、惡心嘔吐2例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為6.67%。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
有臨床診療指南將PCI術(shù)作為急性心肌梗死或藥物治療療效欠佳的不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者的推薦治療方案[5]。而有研究顯示,手術(shù)醫(yī)源性損傷可加重心肌缺血缺氧狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致圍術(shù)期心肌梗死、再發(fā)心絞痛等不良事件發(fā)生率及總體死亡率增加;其中,異常炎癥反應(yīng)水平被認(rèn)為是誘發(fā)患者心肌損傷加重的關(guān)鍵因素之一[6-7]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后,兩組患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平均顯著高于同組術(shù)前,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。這提示,NSTEMI患者PCI術(shù)后炎癥因子水平顯著上升,可能誘導(dǎo)或加重心肌炎癥反應(yīng)。hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10等炎癥因子水平上升可能與PCI術(shù)中球囊和支架操作密切相關(guān),球囊擴張和支架置入可引起局部血腫、粥樣硬化斑塊破裂、血小板激活及缺血再灌注損傷等[8-9]。目前,有效下調(diào)患者術(shù)后炎癥反應(yīng)水平已成為改善PCI術(shù)預(yù)后的關(guān)鍵。
臨床研究顯示,對行PCI術(shù)患者早期他汀類藥物強化給藥可在改善血脂水平的同時,發(fā)揮穩(wěn)定粥樣硬化斑塊、減輕內(nèi)皮功能損傷、降低炎癥反應(yīng)水平及改善缺血缺氧狀態(tài)等多重作用;同時,上述效應(yīng)均可在用藥24 h內(nèi)出現(xiàn)[10-11]。有學(xué)者提出,應(yīng)將患者臨床獲益時間作為除調(diào)脂效果以外的另一重要評估指標(biāo)[12]。但對于行PCI術(shù)的急性冠狀動脈綜合征患者,他汀類藥物用藥時間及具體劑量方面各類指南仍無明確推薦。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者手術(shù)前后TG、TC、HDLC、LDL-C水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義;術(shù)后觀察組患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平均顯著低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。這說明,PCI術(shù)前阿托伐他汀強化給藥并未改善患者血脂水平,但可有效下調(diào)hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-10水平;提示他汀類藥物對炎癥反應(yīng)的抑制作用與血脂調(diào)節(jié)無關(guān)。兩組患者術(shù)后MACE發(fā)生率和術(shù)后再住院率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。這提示,PCI術(shù)前阿托伐他汀強化給藥并不能改善NSTEMI患者的臨床預(yù)后,與相關(guān)研究結(jié)果類似[13]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PCI術(shù)前12 h口服阿托伐他汀80 mg,二級預(yù)防劑量為40 mg/d,術(shù)后3個月血脂水平明顯改善,但與對照組比較無顯著差異;且兩組包括心肌梗死、靶血管重建及死亡在內(nèi)的主要終點事件發(fā)生風(fēng)險亦接近[14]。另一項針對NSTEMI及穩(wěn)定型心絞痛患者的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),強化給藥組與常規(guī)治療組術(shù)后隨訪6個月MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險無顯著差異[15]。這提示,應(yīng)對國內(nèi)高危冠心病及急性冠狀動脈綜合征患者他汀類藥物臨床應(yīng)用方案進行再次審視。
綜上所述,PCI術(shù)前阿托伐他汀強化給藥可有效降低NSTEMI患者術(shù)后的炎癥反應(yīng)水平,但對血脂水平和MACE發(fā)生風(fēng)險無顯著改善,且未增加不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。由于本研究受納入樣本量較小、隨訪時間較短、單一中心等因素的影響,故此結(jié)論有待大樣本、多中心研究進一步證實。
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Effects of Intensive Atorvastatin Therapy on Postoperative Related Indexes in Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients before PCI
ZHU Xiaoying1,JIANG Daifu1,LIU Zhijiang2(1.Dept.of Medical Examination,the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College,Guizhou Zunyi 563003,China;2.Dept.of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Disease,the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College,Guizhou Zunyi 563003,China)
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of intensive atorvastatin therapy on postoperative blood lipid,inflammation reaction and major adverse cardiac events(MACE)in non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI)patients before PCI.METHODS:A total of 120 NSTEMI patients underwent selective PCI were randomly divided into control group(60 cases)and observation group(60 cases).Both groups were given Aspirin enteric-coated tablet 0.3 g orally,once a day+Clopidogrel sulfate tablet 300 mg orally,once a day,immediately after admission.After operation,they were given medicine continuously for consecutive 12 weeks.Control group was given Atorvastatin calcium tablet 80 mg orally,immediately after operation,and then was given 40 mg,once a day,for consecutive 12 weeks.Observation group was additionally given Atorvastatin calcium tablet 40 mg orally 6 h before operation on the basis of control group.The levels of TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,hs-CRP,TNF-α and IL-10 before and after PCI,the incidence of postoperative MACE,postoperative re-hospitalization rate and the occurrence of ADR were ob-served in 2 groups.RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in the levels of TG,TC,HDL-C or LDL-C between 2 groups before and after operation(P<0.05).After operation,the levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α and IL-10 in 2 groups were significantly higher than before operation,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of postoperative MACE,postoperative re-hospitalization rate or the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Intensive atorvastatin therapy before PCI can effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory response in NSTEMI patients,but have no significant changes in blood lipid levels and MACE risk,without increasing the incidence of ADR.
PCI;Atorvastatin;Intensive therapy;Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction;Blood lipid;Inflammation reaction;Major adverse cardiac events
R541.4
A
1001-0408(2017)30-4219-04
DOI10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2017.30.12
*副主任護師。研究方向:慢性病健康管理。電話:0851-28608970。E-mail:695780277@qq.com
#通信作者:副主任醫(yī)師,碩士。研究方向:冠心病介入。電話:0851-28608251。E-mail:Liuzhijiang348@126.com
2016-11-30
2017-08-15)
(編輯:陳宏)