周輝
形容詞是高考語(yǔ)法填空的重要考點(diǎn)之一,本文結(jié)合近年高考試題歸納形容詞在語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中的五種主要考查方式。
一、考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞
形容詞通常在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),若是在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或全句,要將語(yǔ)法填空所給的或短文改錯(cuò)原句中的形容詞改為副詞。如:
語(yǔ)法填空
1. (2017全國(guó)II卷 ) Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _______ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers...
2. (2016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷) I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
短文改錯(cuò)
3. (2016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)... his business will grow steady.
4. (2015全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)I were terrible worried...
5. (2013全國(guó)Ⅱ卷) Interesting, it had a connection to...
答案與解析:1. 修飾形容詞unpleasant用副詞fairly;2.修飾動(dòng)詞be given用副詞officially;3. 修飾動(dòng)詞grow用副詞,故改steady為steadily;4. 修飾形容詞worried用副詞,故改terrible為terribly;5. 在句首修飾全句用副詞,故改Interesting為Interestingly。
形容詞變副詞規(guī)則一覽表
二、考查形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
當(dāng)語(yǔ)法填空所給詞是形容詞,而根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,所填詞依然是需要形容詞時(shí),可考慮填其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式。短文改錯(cuò)中的形容詞的等級(jí)形式可能有錯(cuò)。如:
語(yǔ)法填空
1. (2016全國(guó)Ⅱ卷) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識(shí)別) those of __________ (great) and less importance.
2. (2014全國(guó)Ⅰ卷) Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __________ (clean) than ever.
3.(2015上海卷) It was _______ (nice) gift Id ever received, and it was from a complete stranger.
短文改錯(cuò)
4.(2016全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life.
5.(2012全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)I had to be more patient and little aggressive.
答案與解析:1.由并列一致可知,要填比較級(jí)greater;2.由than ever可知,要填比較級(jí)cleaner;3.由表示范圍的定語(yǔ)從句(that) Id never received可知,要用最高級(jí)nicest;4.由并列一致可知,改worse為worst;5.由并列一致可知,改little為less。
形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則一覽表
三、考查形容詞的名詞形式
(2015全國(guó)II卷) In addition to their simple beatify, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.
答案與解析:在their后,要用名詞,故填ability。
四、考查形容詞的否定前綴
在語(yǔ)法填空中若給出的是形容詞,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析,要填的詞依然是形容詞,又不是需要填比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí),可從句意邏輯去考慮,填與其意相反的形容詞。或在短文改錯(cuò)中,當(dāng)邏輯意義不通時(shí),也可考慮是否將形容詞改為反義才通順。如:
Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. Im sure they will laugh at me and see me as a fool. So I feel ______ (happy) every day.
答案與解析:在系動(dòng)詞feel后需填形容詞,根據(jù)語(yǔ)境不需考慮填比較級(jí)或最后級(jí),但根據(jù)句意“別人嘲笑我,把我當(dāng)作傻瓜”可知“我每天都感到不快樂(lè)”,故填unhappy。
常見(jiàn)形容詞否定前綴一覽表
五、考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
有時(shí)高考語(yǔ)法填空中所給詞看上去為形容詞,其實(shí)是已轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞了,這時(shí)則應(yīng)考慮是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如果是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,又要考慮用哪些形式。如:
(2015新課標(biāo)II卷) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day.
答案與解析:因cool后有賓語(yǔ)the house,意思是“使該房子變得涼爽”,顯然cool是動(dòng)詞而非非形容詞;根據(jù)“adj. + enough to do sth.” 結(jié)構(gòu)可知,填to cool。
有些形容詞可以直接轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,如clean, cool, dry, warm, empty等;有的形容詞則要通過(guò)加前綴或后綴才能轉(zhuǎn)化成動(dòng)詞。如:
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