張良波 許春紅 ?;勰?李 瑩 張寶忠
(河南工業(yè)大學(xué)化學(xué)化工與環(huán)境學(xué)院,河南 鄭州 450001)
Fe2+過(guò)硫酸鈉體系降解鹽酸四環(huán)素的研究*
張良波 許春紅 ?;勰?李 瑩 張寶忠
(河南工業(yè)大學(xué)化學(xué)化工與環(huán)境學(xué)院,河南 鄭州 450001)
采用Fe2+/過(guò)硫酸鈉體系降解水溶液中的鹽酸四環(huán)素,探討了鹽酸四環(huán)素初始濃度、Fe2+濃度、過(guò)硫酸鈉濃度、溫度、pH等因素對(duì)降解效果的影響。單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率隨著鹽酸四環(huán)素的初始濃度、過(guò)硫酸鈉濃度、溫度的增大而增大;隨著Fe2+濃度的增加,鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率先增大后減??;酸性條件有利于Fe2+/過(guò)硫酸鈉體系對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素的降解。當(dāng)鹽酸四環(huán)素初始質(zhì)量濃度為50mg/L、Fe2+摩爾濃度為0.10mmol/L、過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度為2.0mmol/L、反應(yīng)溫度為30 ℃、pH=3.0時(shí),反應(yīng)90min后鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率可達(dá)87.6%。Fe2+/過(guò)硫酸鈉體系對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素的降解用一級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程進(jìn)行擬合,得到該反應(yīng)體系下鹽酸四環(huán)素降解的活化能為5.173kJ/mol。
高級(jí)氧化技術(shù)Fe2+硫酸根自由基 鹽酸四環(huán)素
Abstract: The degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by Fe2+/sodium persulfate system was studied in this paper. The influence of tetracycline hydrochloride initial concentration,Fe2+concentration and sodium persulfate concentration,reaction temperature and pH on tetracycline hydrochloride degradation efficiency was investigated. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride increased with the increasing of the initial concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride,the concentration of sodium persulfate and the reaction temperature. The degradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride increased first and then decreased with the increasing of the Fe2+concentration. Acidic condition was favorable for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by Fe2+/sodium persulfate system. The degradation efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride could reach 87.6% under the condition of the initial mass concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/L,the molar concentration of Fe2+0.10 mmol/L,the molar concentration of sodium persulfate 2.0 mmol/L,the reaction temperature 30 ℃,the pH 3.0 and the reaction time 90 min. The degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by Fe2+/sodium persulfate system followed the first order reaction kinetic equation. The activation energy of tetracycline hydrochloride degradation was 5.173 kJ/mol in this reaction system.
Keywords: advanced oxidation technology; Fe2+; sulfate radical; tetracycline hydrochloride
鹽酸四環(huán)素是一種常用的四環(huán)素類抗生素,由于其具有明顯的致突變、致畸作用而受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注[1]。鹽酸四環(huán)素對(duì)生物過(guò)程有較強(qiáng)的抑制作用,常規(guī)的生物處理工藝不能對(duì)其有效去除[2]。常規(guī)的物理方法如吸附、反滲透和納濾等可以去除一些水中的鹽酸四環(huán)素,但不能對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效降解[3]。液氯氧化等化學(xué)氧化法能降解鹽酸四環(huán)素,但可產(chǎn)生致癌的二次污染物。
1.1 材料與儀器
鹽酸四環(huán)素(美國(guó)藥典標(biāo)準(zhǔn)級(jí));過(guò)硫酸鈉、FeSO4·7H2O、濃硫酸、甲醇、氫氧化鈉均為分析純。
UltiMate 3000型高效液相色譜儀(美國(guó)賽默飛);pHS-3C型酸度計(jì);FA2004B型電子天平;ZWY型恒溫水浴振蕩器。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)要求,取50 mL含一定初始濃度的鹽酸四環(huán)素水溶液加入到100 mL錐形瓶中,加入一定量FeSO4·7H2O,調(diào)節(jié)溶液pH后快速加入過(guò)硫酸鈉,于恒溫振蕩器中振蕩并開(kāi)始計(jì)時(shí),控制振蕩速度為150 r/min,90 min后取樣過(guò)0.22 μm濾膜,采用高效液相色譜儀測(cè)定上清液中鹽酸四環(huán)素的剩余濃度,計(jì)算去除率,反應(yīng)溫度由恒溫水浴振蕩器控制。
1.3 色譜條件
色譜內(nèi)置真空泵及壓力傳感器,色譜柱為C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);檢測(cè)器采用紫外檢測(cè)器,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為359 nm;流動(dòng)相為31%(體積分?jǐn)?shù),下同)乙腈和69%的0.1 mol/L草酸溶液,流動(dòng)相流速為0.8 mL/min;進(jìn)樣量為20 μL。
2.1 鹽酸四環(huán)素初始濃度的影響
設(shè)定Fe2+摩爾濃度為1.00 mmol/L,過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度為2.0 mmol/L,反應(yīng)溫度為30 ℃,pH=3.0,調(diào)節(jié)鹽酸四環(huán)素的初始質(zhì)量濃度分別為30、50、70、100 mg/L,反應(yīng)時(shí)間設(shè)為90 min,考查鹽酸四環(huán)素初始濃度對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響,結(jié)果如圖1所示。
圖1 鹽酸四環(huán)素初始質(zhì)量濃度對(duì)其去除率的影響Fig.1 Effect of initial concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride on its removal rate
2.2 Fe2+濃度的影響
設(shè)定鹽酸四環(huán)素初始質(zhì)量濃度為50 mg/L,過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度為2.0 mmol/L,反應(yīng)溫度為30 ℃,pH=3.0,調(diào)節(jié)Fe2+摩爾濃度分別為0、0.04、0.08、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.50、1.00、1.50、2.00 mmol/L,反應(yīng)時(shí)間設(shè)為90 min,考查Fe2+濃度對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響,結(jié)果如圖2所示。
圖2 Fe2+摩爾濃度對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響Fig.2 Effect of Fe2+ molar concentration on the removal rate of tetracycline hydrochloride
(1)
(2)
2.3 過(guò)硫酸鈉濃度的影響
設(shè)定鹽酸四環(huán)素初始質(zhì)量濃度為50 mg/L,F(xiàn)e2+摩爾濃度為1.00 mmol/L,反應(yīng)溫度為30 ℃,pH=3.0,調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度分別為0、0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0、5.0 mmol/L,反應(yīng)時(shí)間設(shè)為90 min,考查過(guò)硫酸鈉濃度對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響,結(jié)果如圖3所示。
圖3 過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響Fig.3 Effect of molar concentration of sodium persulfate on tetracycline hydrochloride removal rate
2.4 溫度的影響
設(shè)定鹽酸四環(huán)素初始質(zhì)量濃度為50 mg/L,F(xiàn)e2+摩爾濃度為1.00 mmol/L,過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度為2.0 mmol/L,pH=3.0,調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)溫度分別為30、50、70、90 ℃,反應(yīng)時(shí)間設(shè)為90 min,考查溫度對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響,結(jié)果如圖4所示。
圖4 溫度對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響Fig.4 Effect of temperature on tetracycline hydrochloride removal rate
dct/dt=-kct
(3)
式中:ct為t時(shí)刻溶液中鹽酸四環(huán)素的質(zhì)量濃度,mg/L;t為反應(yīng)時(shí)間,min;k為一級(jí)反應(yīng)速率常數(shù),min-1。
表1 不同溫度下鹽酸四環(huán)素降解的反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)
k值隨溫度變化可用阿倫尼烏斯方程描述:
k=A×exp (-Ea/RT)
(4)
式中:A為指前因子,min-1;Ea為表觀活化能,J/mol;R為摩爾氣體常數(shù),取8.314 J/(mol·K);T為熱力學(xué)溫度,K。
根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中不同溫度下的反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)k,對(duì)lnk與1/T作圖(見(jiàn)圖5),得出在上述反應(yīng)體系下鹽酸四環(huán)素降解的活化能為5.173 kJ/mol。
2.5 pH的影響
設(shè)定鹽酸四環(huán)素初始質(zhì)量濃度為50 mg/L,F(xiàn)e2+摩爾濃度為1.00 mmol/L,過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度為2.0 mmol/L,溫度為30 ℃,調(diào)節(jié)溶液pH分別為3.0、7.0、9.0、12.0,反應(yīng)時(shí)間設(shè)為90 min,考查pH對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響,結(jié)果如圖6所示。
圖5 反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)擬合曲線Fig.5 The fitting curve of reaction rate constant
圖6 pH對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率的影響Fig.6 Effect of pH on tetracycline hydrochloride removal rate
(5)
(6)
(7)
(2) 當(dāng)鹽酸四環(huán)素初始質(zhì)量濃度為50 mg/L,F(xiàn)e2+摩爾濃度為0.10 mmol/L,過(guò)硫酸鈉摩爾濃度為2.0 mmol/L,反應(yīng)溫度為30 ℃,pH=3.0時(shí),反應(yīng)90 min后鹽酸四環(huán)素去除率可達(dá)87.6%。
(3) Fe+/過(guò)硫酸鈉體系對(duì)鹽酸四環(huán)素的降解遵循一級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程。該反應(yīng)體系下鹽酸四環(huán)素降解的活化能為5.173 kJ/mol。
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StudyondegradationoftetracyclinehydrochloridebyFe2+/sodiumpersulfatesystem
ZHANGLiangbo,XUChunhong,ZHUHuina,LIYing,ZHANGBaozhong.
(SchoolofChemistry,ChemicalEngineeringandEnvironment,HenanUniversityofTechnology,ZhengzhouHenan450001)
10.15985/j.cnki.1001-3865.2017.07.016
2016-12-15)
張良波,男,1979年生,博士,講師,研究方向?yàn)楦呒?jí)氧化技術(shù)及新型環(huán)境功能材料。
*河南省科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(No.172102210031);河南工業(yè)大學(xué)高層次人才基金資助項(xiàng)目(No.2012BS057);河南工業(yè)大學(xué)科技創(chuàng)新人才培育計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No.2014CXRC05);河南省高等學(xué)校重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目(No.16B610004)。