程濤 伍偉玲 +黃河
[摘要] 目的 研究肺結(jié)核患者Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答情況。 方法 選擇2013年5月~2016年10月在解放軍第四五八醫(yī)院接受治療的復(fù)治肺結(jié)核和初治肺結(jié)核患者,分別作為復(fù)治結(jié)核組(n=38)和初治結(jié)核組(n=47);另取同期體檢的健康志愿者作為對(duì)照組(n=50)。檢測(cè)外周血中Th1、Th2、Treg、Th17細(xì)胞及相應(yīng)細(xì)胞因子含量,血清中炎癥介質(zhì)的含量。 結(jié)果 復(fù)治結(jié)核組和初治結(jié)核組外周血中Th1、Th17及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于對(duì)照組,Th2、Treg及IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β、HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05);復(fù)治結(jié)核組外周血中Th1、Th17及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于初治結(jié)核組,Th2、Treg及IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β、HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于初治結(jié)核組(P < 0.05);HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2與Th1、Th17呈負(fù)相關(guān),與Th2、Treg呈正相關(guān)(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 肺結(jié)核患者病情變化與Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答失衡存在密切關(guān)聯(lián)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 肺結(jié)核;免疫應(yīng)答;輔助性T細(xì)胞;炎癥介質(zhì)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R521 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2017)09(b)-0109-04
Clinical study of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 immune response in patients with tuberculosis
CHENG Tao1 WU Weiling2 HUANG He3
1.Department of Infectious Disease, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510602, China; 2.Department of Respiratory Medicine, 458th Hospital of PLA, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510602, China; 3.Guangdong Academic Exchange Center of Medical Sciences Guangdong Medical Information Institute, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510180, China
[Abstract] Objective To study Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 immune response in patients with tuberculosis. Methods Patients with recurrent tuberculosis and primary tuberculosis who received treatment in 458th Hospital of PLA during May 2013 to October 2016 were selected as recurrent tuberculosis group (n=38) and primary tuberculosis group (n=47) respectively; healthy volunteers who received physical examination during the same period were selected as control group (n=50). The contents of Th1, Th2, Treg and Th17 cells as well as corresponding cytokines in peripheral blood, and the contents of inflammatory mediators in serum were determined. Results Th1 and Th17 cell contents as well as IFN-γ contents inperipheral blood of recurrent tuberculosis group and primary tuberculosis group were significantly lower than those of control group while Th2 and Treg cell contents as well as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, HMGB1, sTREM1, MCP1 and HBD2 contents were significantly higher than those of control group(P < 0.05); Th1, Th17 cell contents as well as IFN-γ contents in peripheral blood of recurrent tuberculosis group were significantly lower than those of primary tuberculosis group while Th2, Treg cell contents as well as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17, TGF-β, HMGB1, sTREM1, MCP1 and HBD2 contents were significantly higher than those of primary tuberculosis group(P < 0.05); HMGB1, sTREM1, MCP1 and HBD2 were negatively correlated with Th1 and Th17, positively correlated with Th2 and Treg (P < 0.05). Conclusion The change of tuberculosis is closely related to Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 immune response imbalance.endprint
[Key words] Tuberculosis; Immune response; Helper T cell; Inflammatory mediator
肺結(jié)核是由結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染引起的呼吸道傳染性疾病,肺部感染結(jié)核分枝桿菌的數(shù)目和毒力是決定病情轉(zhuǎn)歸的關(guān)鍵因素。結(jié)核分枝桿菌侵入呼吸道并造成感染與抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答低下密切相關(guān)[1-5]。CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞是介導(dǎo)抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答的關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞群,根據(jù)所分泌細(xì)胞因子不同可以進(jìn)一步分為Th1、Th2、Treg、Th17等亞群。Th1與Th2、Th17與Treg在正常情況下處于動(dòng)態(tài)平衡,有利于機(jī)體完成抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答[6];當(dāng)Th1與Th2、Th17與Treg失衡時(shí),會(huì)造成抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答異常并影響機(jī)體對(duì)結(jié)核分枝桿菌的清除[7-8]。本研究主要分析肺結(jié)核患者病情變化與Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答的相關(guān)性。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選擇2013年5月~2016年10月在解放軍第四五八醫(yī)院接受治療的肺結(jié)核患者,根據(jù)治療情況分為復(fù)治結(jié)核組和初治結(jié)核組。復(fù)治結(jié)核組患者既往有肺結(jié)核病史并接受正規(guī)抗結(jié)核治療,此次再次發(fā)生肺結(jié)核,共38例,包括男22例,女16例,年齡(42.62±7.51)歲;初治結(jié)核組為首次發(fā)生肺結(jié)核,共47例,包括男29例,女18例,年齡(43.11±7.82)歲。選擇同期體檢的健康志愿者為對(duì)照組,共50例,包括男32例,女18例,年齡(40.98±7.25)歲。所有受試者均取得知情同意且獲得醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。三組受試者一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 臨床標(biāo)本采集方法 復(fù)治結(jié)核組和初治結(jié)核組在抗結(jié)核治療前采集外周血標(biāo)本6 mL,對(duì)照組在體檢時(shí)采集外周血標(biāo)本6 mL。所得外周血標(biāo)本分為兩份,一份離心分離血清并放置在-80℃保存;另一份加入淋巴細(xì)胞分離液并離心,吸取外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞并送檢流式細(xì)胞術(shù)。
1.2.2 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)方法 取外周血單個(gè)核細(xì)胞,避光孵育CD4、CD25、Foxp3、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-17的熒光抗體,PBS緩沖液洗滌后加入破膜劑,避光孵育5 min后在流式細(xì)胞儀上檢測(cè)Th1(IFN-γ+CD4+T細(xì)胞)、Th2(IL-4+CD4+T細(xì)胞)、Th17(IL-17+CD4+T細(xì)胞)、Treg(CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T細(xì)胞)細(xì)胞的含量。實(shí)驗(yàn)所用熒光抗體均購(gòu)買于Santa Cruz公司。
1.2.3 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附檢測(cè)方法 取血清標(biāo)本,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試劑盒測(cè)定IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-5、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β、HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量。實(shí)驗(yàn)所用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試劑盒均購(gòu)于上海酶聯(lián)生物科技有限公司。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用方差分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性采用Pearson相關(guān)分析,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組受試者外周血中Th1、Th2及相應(yīng)細(xì)胞因子含量比較
復(fù)治結(jié)核組和初治結(jié)核組外周血中Th1及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于對(duì)照組,Th2及IL-4、IL-5含量均顯著高于對(duì)照組;復(fù)治結(jié)核組患者外周血中Th1及IFN-γ含量均顯著低于初治結(jié)核組,Th2及IL-4、IL-5含量均顯著高于初治結(jié)核組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 三組受試者外周血中Treg、Th17及相應(yīng)細(xì)胞因子含量比較
復(fù)治結(jié)核組和初治結(jié)核組外周血中Th17均顯著低于對(duì)照組,Treg及IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β含量均顯著高于對(duì)照組;復(fù)治結(jié)核組外周血中Th17均顯著低于初治結(jié)核組,Treg細(xì)胞及IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β含量均顯著高于初治結(jié)核組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 三組受試者血清中炎癥介質(zhì)含量比較
復(fù)治結(jié)核組和初治結(jié)核組血清中HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于對(duì)照組;復(fù)治結(jié)核組患者血清中HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2含量均顯著高于初治結(jié)核組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答與炎癥介質(zhì)含量的相關(guān)性
Pearson檢驗(yàn)顯示,Th1細(xì)胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),r值分別為-0.623、-0.612、-0.553、-0.651,P值分別為0.002、0.005、0.001、0.008;Th17細(xì)胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),r值分別為-0.578、-0.668、-0.514、-0.621,P值分別為0.006、0.008、0.004、0.002;Th2細(xì)胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈正相關(guān),r值分別為0.703、0.672、0.598、0.625,P值分別為0.006、0.003、0.002、0.007;Treg細(xì)胞含量與HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量呈正相關(guān),r值分別為0.741、0.625、0.603、0.682,P值分別為0.003、0.001、0.000、0.020。
3 討論
免疫力低下是結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的重要危險(xiǎn)因素。CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞是發(fā)揮抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答的關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞群,能夠進(jìn)一步分化為Th1、Th2、Treg、Th17等亞群并發(fā)揮免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。Th1和Th2是最早被發(fā)現(xiàn)的CD4+T細(xì)胞亞群,前者主要分泌IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α等細(xì)胞因子并參與細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答的調(diào)控,后者主要分泌IL-4、IL-5等細(xì)胞因子并參與體液免疫應(yīng)答的調(diào)控[9-10]。當(dāng)結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染時(shí),Th1/Th2的平衡向Th1漂移并通過(guò)Th1所介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答來(lái)清除病原菌[11-13]。我們通過(guò)分析不同病情肺結(jié)核患者體內(nèi)Th1/Th2免疫應(yīng)答的狀況可知,初治和復(fù)治肺結(jié)核患者Th1細(xì)胞含量及IFN-γ細(xì)胞因子含量均顯著降低,Th2細(xì)胞及IL-4、IL-5細(xì)胞因子含量均顯著升高;并且復(fù)治結(jié)核組患者上述Th1/Th2的改變較初治肺結(jié)核患者更為顯著。這就說(shuō)明Th1抑制、Th2增強(qiáng)不僅與肺結(jié)核的發(fā)生有關(guān),還與肺結(jié)核治療后的復(fù)發(fā)存在密切相關(guān)。endprint
Th17和Treg是近年來(lái)受到越來(lái)越多關(guān)注的CD4+T細(xì)胞亞群。Th17所分泌的IL-17在抗病毒感染、抗細(xì)菌感染發(fā)面發(fā)揮重要作用[14-15]。在結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染的過(guò)程中,Th17有利于機(jī)體形成結(jié)核保護(hù)性免疫并加速結(jié)核菌的二次免疫應(yīng)答,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)結(jié)核分枝桿菌的清除[16-17]。Treg是一類具有免疫抑制活性的CD4+T細(xì)胞,能夠抑制Th1、Th17所介導(dǎo)的抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答[18-20]。當(dāng)Th17/Treg失衡時(shí),機(jī)體的抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答會(huì)受到顯著影響。我們通過(guò)分析不同病情肺結(jié)核患者體內(nèi)Th17/Treg免疫應(yīng)答的狀況可知,初治和復(fù)治肺結(jié)核患者Th17細(xì)胞含量及IL-17細(xì)胞因子含量均顯著降低,Treg細(xì)胞及IL-10、TGF-β細(xì)胞因子含量均顯著升高;并且復(fù)治結(jié)核組患者上述Th17/Treg的改變較初治肺結(jié)核患者更為顯著。這就說(shuō)明Th17抑制、Treg增強(qiáng)與肺結(jié)核的發(fā)生及病情的發(fā)現(xiàn)存在密切相關(guān)。
結(jié)核分枝桿菌感染所引起的炎性反應(yīng)顯著激活、炎癥介質(zhì)異常分泌是肺結(jié)核病情發(fā)展變化過(guò)程中重要的病理變化。HMGB1是一類晚期炎癥介質(zhì),具有極強(qiáng)的致炎活性,參與炎性反應(yīng)的級(jí)聯(lián)激活[21];sTREM1是TREM1的可溶性形式,參與炎性反應(yīng)的觸發(fā)[22];MCP-1是趨化因子CC家族的成員,能夠在結(jié)核桿菌感染局部招募單核巨噬細(xì)胞并促進(jìn)局部炎性反應(yīng)的激活[23];HBD2是人β-防御素家族的成員,能夠在結(jié)核桿菌感染局部發(fā)揮對(duì)病原菌的殺傷作用。我們通過(guò)分析肺結(jié)核患者血清中上述炎癥介質(zhì)的含量可知,初治和復(fù)治肺結(jié)核患者血清中HMGB1、sTREM1、MCP1、HBD2的含量均顯著升高且復(fù)治肺結(jié)核患者血清中上述炎癥介質(zhì)的含量顯著高于初治肺結(jié)核患者并且與Th1、Th17細(xì)胞含量呈負(fù)相關(guān),與Th2、Treg細(xì)胞含量呈正相關(guān)。這就說(shuō)明Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答的改變與炎癥介質(zhì)的異常分泌有關(guān),也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答紊亂與肺結(jié)核的病情發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。
綜上所述,Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17免疫應(yīng)答失衡與肺結(jié)核的發(fā)生及病情的發(fā)展變化密切相關(guān);Th1、Th17抑制以及Th17、Treg增強(qiáng)會(huì)影響抗結(jié)核免疫應(yīng)答,進(jìn)而造成肺結(jié)核的發(fā)生及病情的發(fā)展。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1] Ferrian S,Manca C,Lubbe S,et al. A combination of baseline plasma immune markers can predict therapeutic response in multidrug resistant tuberculosis [J]. PLoS One,2017,12(5):e0176660.
[2] Moliva JI,Turner J,Torrelles JB. Immune responses to bacillus calmette-guérin vaccination:why do they fail to protect against mycobacterium tuberculosis? [J]. Front Immunol,2017,5(8):407.
[3] 黃華,姜欣,王衛(wèi)華.利福平注射液在肺結(jié)核治療中的應(yīng)用[J].中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥,2016,23(34):123-125.
[4] 劉立虎,吳軍,熊軍寧.T細(xì)胞斑點(diǎn)試驗(yàn)在肺結(jié)核合并糖尿病患者中的診斷價(jià)值[J].中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥,2016,23(21):134-136,139.
[5] 于利.利福噴丁與利福平治療肺結(jié)核的效果比較[J].中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥,2016,23(13):154-156.
[6] 岳麗敏,秦峻嶺,王春芳,等.Th1/Th2平衡在結(jié)核分枝桿菌免疫中的研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)免疫學(xué)雜志,2015,31(10):1426-1429.
[7] Sayes F,Pawlik A,F(xiàn)rigui W,et al. CD4+ T cells recognizing PE/PPE antigens directly or via cross reactivity are protective against pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis infection [J]. PLoS Pathog,2016,12(7):e1005770.
[8] Ma J,Tian M,F(xiàn)an X,et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis multistage antigens confer comprehensive protection against pre-and post-exposure infections by driving Th1-type T cell immunity [J]. Oncotarget,2016,7(39):63804-63815.
[9] 朱安友,呂合作.結(jié)核分枝桿菌耐熱抗原激活的人γδT細(xì)胞Th2極性分化特征以及T-bet/GATA-3對(duì)分化的調(diào)控作用[J].細(xì)胞與分子免疫學(xué)雜志,2015,31(1):72-76.
[10] Rai PK,Chodisetti SB,Nadeem S,et al. A novel therapeutic strategy of lipidated promiscuous peptide against mycobacterium tuberculosis by eliciting Th1 and Th17 immunity of host [J]. Sci Rep,2016,7(6):23917.
[11] Li L,Jiang Y,Lao S,et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IL-21+IFN-γ+CD4+ T cells are regulated by IL-12 [J]. PLoS One,2016,11(1):e0147356.endprint
[12] Lyadova IV,Panteleev AV. Th1 and Th17 cells in tuberculosis:protection,pathology,and biomarkers [J]. Med Inflamm,2015,2015:854507.
[13] Kumar NP,Moideen K,Banurekha VV,et al. IL-27 and TGFβ mediated expansion of Th1 and adaptive regulatory T cells expressing IL-10 correlates with bacterial burden and disease severity in pulmonary tuberculosis [J]. Immun Inflamm Dis,2015,3(3):289-299.
[14] 周安,徐巧玲,李明強(qiáng),等.結(jié)核患者外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg表達(dá)與巨噬細(xì)胞凋亡的臨床意義[J].重慶醫(yī)學(xué),2016,45(30):4217-4219.
[15] Zewdie M,Howe R,Hoff ST,et al. Ex-vivo characterization of regulatory T cells in pulmonary tuberculosis patients,latently infected persons,and healthy endemic controls [J]. Tuberculosis(Edinb),2016,100:61-68.
[16] Mourik BC,Lubberts E,de Steenwinkel JEM,et al. Interactions between type 1 interferons and the Th17 response in tuberculosis:lessons learned from autoimmune diseases [J]. Front Immunol,2017,5(8):294.
[17] Luo J,Zhang M,Yan B,et al. Imbalance of Th17 and treg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of active tuberculosis patients [J]. Braz J Infect Dis,2017,21(2):155-161.
[18] Xu L,Cui G,Jia H,et al. Decreased IL-17 during treatment of sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis due to increased regulatory T cells and IL-10 [J]. J Transl Med,2016,14(1):179.
[19] Kononova TE,Urazova OI,Novitskii VV,et al. Factors of Th17 and treg lymphocyte differentiation in pulmonary tuberculosis [J]. Bull Exp Biol Med,2015,159(2):201-204.
[20] Ghazalsofala R,Rezaee SA,Rafatpanah H,et al. Evaluation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and FoxP3 and CTLA-4 gene expression in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis in northeast of Iran [J]. Jundishapur J Microbiol,2015,8(4):e17726.
[21] Chen Y,Zhang J,Wang X,et al. HMGB1 level in cerebrospinal fluid as a complimentary biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis [J]. Springerplus,2016, 5(1):1775.
[22] Huang CT,Lee LN,Ho CC,et al. High serum levels of procalcitonin and soluble TREM-1 correlated with poor prognosis in pulmonary tuberculosis [J]. J Infect,2014, 68(5):440-447.
[23] Waitt CJ,Banda P,Glennie S,et al. Monocyte unresponsiveness and impaired IL1β,TNFα and IL7 production are associated with a poor outcome in malawian adults with pulmonary tuberculosis [J]. BMC Infect Dis,2015,13(15):513.
(收稿日期:2017-05-15 本文編輯:李亞聰)endprint
中國(guó)醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào)2017年26期