羅英媚,李慶,麥燕,黎先萍,張敏(1.三亞市計(jì)劃生育技術(shù)服務(wù)中心婦產(chǎn)科,海南三亞57000;.海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,海南三亞 57000)
左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置前給予戈舍瑞林治療子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng)的臨床觀察
羅英媚1*,李慶2,麥燕2,黎先萍2,張敏2(1.三亞市計(jì)劃生育技術(shù)服務(wù)中心婦產(chǎn)科,海南三亞572000;2.海南省農(nóng)墾三亞醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,海南三亞 572000)
目的:探討在左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置前給予戈舍瑞林治療子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng)的臨床效果及安全性。方法:選取三亞市計(jì)劃生育技術(shù)服務(wù)中心2014年1月-2016年1月收治的子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng)患者140例,按抽簽法隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各70例。兩組患者均在月經(jīng)開(kāi)始的7 d內(nèi)放置左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng),其中觀察組患者在放置前1周給予醋酸戈舍瑞林緩釋植入劑10.8 mg腹前壁皮下注射。6個(gè)月后進(jìn)行療效評(píng)定。比較兩組患者的痛經(jīng)改善情況,治療前后的子宮體積、COX痛經(jīng)癥狀評(píng)分量表(CMSS)評(píng)分、月經(jīng)量、血紅蛋白(Hb)和糖類抗原125(CA125)含量,以及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:觀察組患者的痛經(jīng)改善率為95.71%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的81.43%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療前,兩組患者的上述指標(biāo)比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,兩組患者的CMSS評(píng)分和月經(jīng)量均較治療前顯著降低或減少,Hb含量均較治療前顯著升高,CA125含量均較治療前顯著降低,且觀察組均顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者治療前后子宮體積比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率(10.00%vs.14.29%)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置前給予戈舍瑞林治療子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng),可有效緩解患者痛經(jīng)癥狀,減少月經(jīng)量,改善Hb和CA125水平,且未增加不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng);促性腺激素釋放激素激動(dòng)劑;戈舍瑞林;子宮腺肌??;重度痛經(jīng);月經(jīng)量;血紅蛋白;糖類抗原125
流行病學(xué)研究顯示,育齡期女性子宮腺肌病的發(fā)生率約為10%~50%;患者以不規(guī)則子宮出血、痛經(jīng)及子宮增大為主要臨床表現(xiàn),但其中約20%~30%無(wú)明顯癥狀[1]。以往臨床對(duì)子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng)患者多推薦行全子宮切除治療,但由此導(dǎo)致的生育功能喪失和生活質(zhì)量下降使得患者治療依從性較差[2]。近年來(lái),多個(gè)臨床指南建議對(duì)于年齡較輕或要求保留生育功能者,應(yīng)給予左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置[3];但合并子宮明顯增大或痛經(jīng)癥狀嚴(yán)重者尚缺乏統(tǒng)一治療方案。部分學(xué)者報(bào)道,先行給予促性腺激素釋放激素激動(dòng)劑(GnRHa)可在一定程度上改善臨床預(yù)后,但國(guó)內(nèi)尚缺乏相關(guān)隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究加以證實(shí)。本研究主要探討了左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置前應(yīng)用GnRHa戈舍瑞林治療子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng)的臨床效果及安全性,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合《婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)》(2版)子宮腺肌病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],并經(jīng)超聲確診;(2)要求保守治療;(3)COX痛經(jīng)癥狀評(píng)分量表(CMSS)評(píng)分≥7分;(4)年齡18~45歲;(5)患者及其家屬知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)子宮惡性腫瘤;(2)盆腔子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥患者;(3)原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)患者;(4)合并黏膜下及肌壁間肌瘤患者;(5)左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置禁忌者;(6)重要臟器功能不全者;(7)嚴(yán)重精神系統(tǒng)疾病患者;(8)妊娠或哺乳期女性。
本研究方案經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)后,選取三亞市計(jì)劃生育技術(shù)服務(wù)中心2014年1月-2016年1月收治的子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng)患者140例,按抽簽法隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,各70例。其中,對(duì)照組患者年齡29~44歲,平均年齡為(40.35±5.76)歲;平均孕次為(1.23±0.50)次;平均流產(chǎn)次數(shù)為(1.74±0.65)次;既往剖宮產(chǎn)史28例,占患者總數(shù)的40.00%。觀察組患者年齡30~45歲,平均年齡為(40.19±5.72)歲;平均孕次為(1.30±0.53)次;平均流產(chǎn)次數(shù)為(1.71±0.63)次;既往剖宮產(chǎn)史31例,占患者總數(shù)的44.29%。兩組患者的年齡、孕次、流產(chǎn)次數(shù)和剖宮產(chǎn)史比例等一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
兩組患者均在月經(jīng)開(kāi)始的7 d以內(nèi)放置左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)(芬蘭Bayer Oy,注冊(cè)證號(hào):H20090488,規(guī)格:含左炔諾孕酮52 mg/個(gè)),其中觀察組患者在放置前1周給予醋酸戈舍瑞林緩釋植入劑(英國(guó)AstraZeneca UK Limited,注冊(cè)證號(hào):20120063,規(guī)格:10.8 mg/支)10.8 mg腹前壁皮下注射。對(duì)于合并手術(shù)指征者給予腹腔鏡保守術(shù)式治療,手術(shù)時(shí)間為月經(jīng)結(jié)束后3~7 d,術(shù)中同步放置左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)。6個(gè)月后進(jìn)行療效評(píng)定。
(1)觀察兩組患者痛經(jīng)改善情況。療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]——消失:痛經(jīng)癥狀消失,視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)分為0分;緩解:痛經(jīng)癥狀緩解,VAS評(píng)分較治療前降低;無(wú)效:痛經(jīng)癥狀未見(jiàn)緩解或加重,VAS評(píng)分較治療前未降低或增加。痛經(jīng)改善率=(消失例數(shù)+緩解例數(shù))/總例數(shù)×100%。(2)計(jì)算兩組患者治療前后的子宮體積。采用Voluson E8型彩色多普勒超聲儀(美國(guó)GE公司)測(cè)定子宮內(nèi)徑,子宮體積=0.523×長(zhǎng)徑×前后徑×橫徑[4]。(3)采用CMSS評(píng)分[4]評(píng)定兩組患者治療前后的痛經(jīng)癥狀。分值越高,說(shuō)明痛經(jīng)越嚴(yán)重。(4)計(jì)算兩組患者治療前后的月經(jīng)量。計(jì)算方法為同品牌衛(wèi)生巾使用完畢后放入塑料袋中稱得的質(zhì)量減去使用之前的質(zhì)量[4]。(5)測(cè)定兩組患者治療前后的血紅蛋白(Hb)和糖類抗原125(CA125)含量。采用十二烷基月桂酰硫酸鈉血紅蛋白測(cè)定(SLS-Hb)法測(cè)定Hb,試劑盒購(gòu)自北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司;采用化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定CA125,試劑盒購(gòu)自上海恪敏生物科技有限公司。(6)記錄兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,包括點(diǎn)滴出血、月經(jīng)頻發(fā)、月經(jīng)稀發(fā)、經(jīng)期延長(zhǎng)、乳房脹痛及下腹痛等,計(jì)算不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率。
采用SPSS 20.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以±s表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料和等級(jí)資料均以例數(shù)或率表示,前者采用χ2檢驗(yàn),后者采用方差分析。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。
觀察組患者的痛經(jīng)改善率為95.71%,顯著高于對(duì)照組的81.43%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組患者痛經(jīng)改善情況比較Tab 1 Comparison of dysmenorrheal improvement between 2 groups
治療前,兩組患者的子宮體積、CMSS評(píng)分和月經(jīng)量比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,兩組患者的CMSS評(píng)分和月經(jīng)量均較治療前顯著降低或減少,且觀察組均顯著低于或少于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者治療前后子宮體積比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見(jiàn)表2。
治療前,兩組患者的Hb和CA125含量比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,兩組患者的Hb含量均較治療前顯著升高,CA125含量均較治療前顯著降低,且觀察組均顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳見(jiàn)表3。
表2 兩組患者治療前后子宮體積、CMSS評(píng)分和月經(jīng)量比較(±s)Tab 2 Comparison of uterine volume,CMSS score and menstrual volume between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s)
表2 兩組患者治療前后子宮體積、CMSS評(píng)分和月經(jīng)量比較(±s)Tab 2 Comparison of uterine volume,CMSS score and menstrual volume between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05Note:vs.before treatment,*P<0.05
治療后65.05±16.43*52.14±12.27*3.88<0.001組別對(duì)照組觀察組n70 70t P子宮體積,cm3治療前148.97±30.45 146.94±31.02 0.78 0.93治療后143.51±15.30 144.04±14.19 0.87 0.76 CMSS評(píng)分,分治療前8.42±1.07 8.25±1.02 1.12 0.51治療后2.61±0.69*1.13±0.31*3.06<0.001月經(jīng)量,g治療前107.70±28.81 105.25±27.13 1.05 0.59
表3 兩組患者治療前后Hb和CA125含量比較(±s)Tab 3 Comparison of Hb and CA125 contents between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s)
表3 兩組患者治療前后Hb和CA125含量比較(±s)Tab 3 Comparison of Hb and CA125 contents between 2 groups before and after treatment(±s)
注:與治療前比較,*P<0.05Note:vs.before treatment,*P<0.05
治療后2 0.5 0±5.2 0*1 6.7 2±4.1 3*3.9 6<0.0 0 1對(duì)照組觀察組7 0 7 0t P9 1.4 4±1 4.7 0 9 0.9 3±1 4.6 5 1.0 2 0.6 2 1 2 0.7 0±2 4.9 1*1 2 6.8 1±3 0.3 4*4.2 7<0.0 0 1 3 6.4 1±8.6 5 3 5.9 8±8.5 0 0.8 3 0.7 9組別nH b,g/L治療前治療后C A 1 2 5,U/m L治療前
對(duì)照組患者的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為10.00%(7/70),觀察組為14.29%(10/70),組間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳見(jiàn)表4。
表4 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較Tab 4 Comparison of the incidence of ADR between 2 groups
子宮腺肌病是一類雌激素依賴性婦科常見(jiàn)疾病類型,以40歲以下人群多發(fā);患者癥狀中月經(jīng)量過(guò)多占比約為50%,繼發(fā)性疼痛占比約為30%,而大約20%的患者存在不規(guī)則出血癥狀[5-6]。近年來(lái),我國(guó)子宮腺肌病的發(fā)病率及發(fā)病人數(shù)均呈逐年增高趨勢(shì),已成為影響女性健康的重要疾病之一[7]。因保守治療的難度較大,以往對(duì)合并明顯癥狀的子宮腺肌病患者多行子宮切除術(shù)治療,但手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷較大,術(shù)后卵巢早衰風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增加,且生育功能喪失使得相當(dāng)一部分患者無(wú)法接受[8]。
已有研究顯示,左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置是對(duì)具有較強(qiáng)生育功能保留意愿患者較為安全有效的方案[9]。近年來(lái),左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)在子宮腺肌病、子宮內(nèi)膜異位癥及月經(jīng)過(guò)多的治療中展現(xiàn)出良好的療效。其放置于宮腔后可緩慢釋放左炔諾孕酮(20 μg/d),有效抑制雌二醇與子宮內(nèi)膜結(jié)合的敏感性,干擾子宮內(nèi)膜增殖生長(zhǎng),加快異位內(nèi)膜萎縮,進(jìn)而達(dá)到控制月經(jīng)量和促進(jìn)子宮縮小的目的[10];同時(shí),左炔諾孕酮與子宮內(nèi)膜孕酮受體的結(jié)合時(shí)間可達(dá)4~6年,從而可長(zhǎng)期緩解患者的臨床癥狀[11]。GnRH-a屬于天然促性腺激素釋放激素(GnRH)的同工異質(zhì)體,其與機(jī)體相關(guān)受體的結(jié)合能力為天然GnRH的100~250倍,而相同劑量下的活性為天然GnRH的35~40倍[12-13]。大量實(shí)驗(yàn)及臨床研究證實(shí),GnRH-a可有效降低卵巢分泌性激素水平,誘發(fā)暫時(shí)性停經(jīng)出現(xiàn),促進(jìn)子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞凋亡和異位病灶萎縮消失,并能夠抑制白細(xì)胞介素8(IL-8)分泌而發(fā)揮炎癥抑制作用;同時(shí),其能上調(diào)輔助性T淋巴細(xì)胞的增殖活性和總體數(shù)量,間接增強(qiáng)子宮內(nèi)膜異位病灶的殺傷效應(yīng)[12-13];此外,有報(bào)道認(rèn)為,GnRH-a還具有降低機(jī)體纖維調(diào)節(jié)素水平、避免腺肌瘤形成及改善疼痛相關(guān)神經(jīng)回路的作用[14]。戈舍瑞林是一種長(zhǎng)效GnRH-a,能誘導(dǎo)持續(xù)的低激素血癥,故可有效地用于一些雌激素依賴性婦科疾病的治療。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后,兩組患者的CMSS評(píng)分和月經(jīng)量均較治療前顯著降低或減少,Hb含量均較治療前顯著升高,CA125含量均較治療前顯著降低,且觀察組均顯著優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,并且觀察組患者的痛經(jīng)改善率顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。提示左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置前給予戈舍瑞林有助于改善患者繼發(fā)性痛經(jīng)癥狀和貧血狀態(tài),下調(diào)CA125水平,而血清CA125水平與子宮腺肌病病情嚴(yán)重程度的相關(guān)性已被證實(shí)[11]。以往報(bào)道顯示,GnRH-a可有效縮小子宮腺肌病患者的子宮體積,但停藥后可出現(xiàn)明顯反彈[12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者治療前后子宮體積比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了此觀點(diǎn)。此外,兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),證實(shí)加用戈舍瑞林并未增加子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng)患者不良反應(yīng)的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。絕經(jīng)癥狀是GnRH-a最主要的不良反應(yīng),但本研究中并未發(fā)現(xiàn),筆者認(rèn)為這可能與給藥劑量及僅給藥1次有關(guān)。
綜上所述,左炔諾孕酮宮內(nèi)節(jié)育系統(tǒng)放置前給予戈舍瑞林治療子宮腺肌病合并重度痛經(jīng),可有效緩解患者痛經(jīng)癥狀,減少月經(jīng)量,改善Hb和CA125水平,且未增加不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但鑒于受觀察時(shí)間短、入選樣本量少及單一中心等因素制約,所得結(jié)論還有待更大規(guī)模隨機(jī)對(duì)照研究證實(shí)。
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(編輯:胡曉霖)
Clinical Observation of Goserelin in the Treatment of Adenomyosis Complicated with Severe Dysmenorrhea before Placing Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System
LUO Yingmei1,LI Qing2,MAI Yan2,LI Xianping2,ZHANG Min2(1.Dept.of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Sanya Family Planning Technology Service Center,Hainan Sanya 572000,China;2.Dept.of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Hainan Nongken Sanya Hospital,Hainan Sanya 572000,China)
OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of goserelin in the treatment of adenomyosis complicated with severe dysmenorrheal before placing levonorgestrel intrauterine system(LIS).METHODS:A total of 140 adenomyosis patients with severe dysmenorrheal were selected from Sanya Family Planning Technology Service Center during Jan.2014-Jan.2016,and then divided into control group and observation group according to lottery method,with 70 cases in each group.Both groups
LIS within first 7 d of menstruation,and observation group was given Goserelin acetate sustained-release implant 10.8 mg subcutaneously via anterior abdominal wall one week before placing.Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated 6 months later.The improvement of dysmenorrhea was compared between 2 groups.The uterine volume,COX dysmenorrhea score(CMSS),menstrual volume,hemoglobin(Hb)and CA125 content were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment.The occurrence of ADR was also compared.RESULTS:The rate of dysmenorrheal improvement in observation group was 95.71%,which was significantly higher than 81.43%of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in above indexes between 2 groups(P>0.05).Compare to before treatment,CMSS score,menstrual volume and CA125 content of 2 groups were decreased significantly after treatment,while Hb content was increased significantly;the observation group was significantly better than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).There was no statistical significance in uterine volume between 2 groups before and after treatment(P>0.05).There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR(10.00%vs.14.29%)between 2 groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Goserelin in the treatment of adenomyosis complicated with severe dysmenorrheal before placing LIS can effectively relieve dysmenorrheal,reduce menstrual volume and improve Hb and CA125 levels,but do not increase the risk of ADR.
Levonorgestrel intrauterine system;GuRH-A;Goserelin;Adenomyosis;Severe dysmenorrheal;Menstrual volume;Hb;CA125
R711.74
A
1001-0408(2017)26-3671-04
2016-11-18
20017-03-09)
DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2017.26.20
*主治醫(yī)師。研究方向:婦產(chǎn)科。電話:0898-88272763。E-mail:451599827@qq.com