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        判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的五條依據(jù)

        2017-09-27 22:23:22袁瀟霞
        廣東教育·高中 2017年9期
        關(guān)鍵詞:改錯(cuò)題主句時(shí)態(tài)

        袁瀟霞

        謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是語(yǔ)法填空和短語(yǔ)改錯(cuò)的必考點(diǎn),也是考生學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。時(shí)態(tài)之所以重要,是因?yàn)橛芯渥拥牡胤骄陀兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,凡謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必涉及時(shí)態(tài),即每句必有時(shí)態(tài),正所謂“與‘時(shí)‘句進(jìn)”。時(shí)態(tài)本身是千變?nèi)f化的,可謂一“時(shí)”激起千層浪。因此,在平時(shí)閱讀時(shí)要特別留意理解。本文給考生介紹五種判斷用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的方法。

        一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

        常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的有always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, once a week等;常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的有l(wèi)ast month, a few days ago, last week,yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1978, then等;常與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的有tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in the future, soon等;常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的有up to now, until now, in the past / last few years, so far, for three years, since 1980等。請(qǐng)做以下改錯(cuò)題:

        1. Last month, Emma Stone is announced as the 2017 Oscar Winner for Actress at the 89th Academy Awards.

        [解析]由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Last month可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故將is改為was。

        2. Today it was much easier to be healthy than it was in the past.

        [解析]由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Today可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故改much 前的was為is。

        3. Im very pleased to say that all of us improved our spoken English so far.

        [解析]由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far(到目前為止)可知賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故在improved前加一個(gè)have。

        4. This big event would be held in the school auditorium next week.

        [解析]由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)next week可知該用一般將來(lái)時(shí),故把would改為will。

        二、根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)

        如出現(xiàn)狀語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣等,要特別注意主從句時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,在以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)。請(qǐng)做以下改錯(cuò)題:

        1. I will call you as soon as they will arrive.

        [解析]主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故把第二個(gè)will去掉。

        2. If I have taken your advice, I would have passed the driving test.

        [解析]If 從句是表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),應(yīng)當(dāng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),故把have改為had。

        3. What a pity! The film started by the time we got to the cinema.

        [解析]根據(jù)題意可知電影的開始是在我到達(dá)電影院之前就開始了,即過(guò)去的過(guò)去,start應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),故在started前加had。

        4. Last month, I thought that it will be hard to spend a whole week staying away from school and home.

        [解析]由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)last month和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thought可知that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí),所以把will改為would。

        注意:從句里講述的是不受時(shí)間限制的事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

        I learned that the earth went around the sun when I was a little boy.

        [解析]因地球繞著太陽(yáng)跑是客觀事實(shí),所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故went改為goes。

        三、根據(jù)并列一致

        并列連詞and, or, but, so, not...but, not only...but also等是改錯(cuò)題中很重要的標(biāo)志詞,這些詞前后的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一致的。請(qǐng)做以下改錯(cuò)題:

        1. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening to music.

        [解析]因?yàn)閛r前后的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是一致的,or前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞lie用的是原形(因前有can),故與之并列的sat應(yīng)改為sit。

        2. At present, not only do they affect their own study, but also they did harm to others.

        [解析]not only...but also引導(dǎo)的并列句前后的時(shí)態(tài)要一致,由At present(目前,現(xiàn)在)可知,都應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故把did改為do。endprint

        3. I was a school student then from a low-income family, so I have to work to support my family.

        [解析]so前后兩句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致,由then可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí),故把have改為had。

        4. Last year there was a piano competition for teenagers in my city and I take part in it.

        [解析]and的前后句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該保持一致,由last year可知,把take改為took。

        四、根據(jù)固定句式

        涉及時(shí)態(tài)的幾個(gè)常見句型:

        (1)Its(high / about)time(that)sb. did sth./should do sth 到了該做某事的時(shí)候了。(注意should不可省略)

        (2)It / This is / was the first / second ... time that sb. have /has / had done sth這是某人第幾次做某事。

        (3)It is / has been + some time + since sb. did sth 自從 / 某人做了某事以來(lái),已有多久了。

        (4)It will be / was + some time + before sb. do / does /did... 過(guò)多久某人才做某事。

        (5)It was not long before sb. did sth. 不久以后,某人就做某事了。

        (6)Hardly had ... done sth when ... /No sooner had ... done sth than ... 一做某事就……

        (7)was / were doing sth when ... did sth正在做某事時(shí),突然又發(fā)生另一事。

        請(qǐng)做以下改錯(cuò)題:

        1. Its high time that we settle down and started a new life.

        [解析]在表示“到了該做某事的時(shí)候了”這一句型中,that從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should加動(dòng)詞原形,又由and后的started可知,應(yīng)把settle改為settled。

        2. It is the third time that he made the same mistake.

        [解析]在表示“某人第幾次做某事”這一固定句型中,that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用完成時(shí),故在made前加has。

        3. It had been 4 years since we met last time.

        [解析]根據(jù)It is / has been + some time + since sb. did sth句型可知,應(yīng)把had改為has。指自上次見面以來(lái)到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有四年了。

        4. It would be 4 years before we meet again.

        [解析]表示“過(guò)四年后我們才能見面”,應(yīng)是一般將來(lái)時(shí),把would改為will。

        五、根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷

        從語(yǔ)篇和上下文整體把握時(shí)態(tài)。主要是看是否與上下文的時(shí)態(tài)一致,這是短文改錯(cuò)和語(yǔ)法填空考查的重點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)做以下語(yǔ)法填空題:

        The TV series Life After Life, Blooms Over Blooms(三生三世,十里桃花)1._________ (become)a hit since it was shown on TV. Yang Mi not only won great fame but also 2. _________ (get)an extraordinary wealth.

        It is reported that Liu Yifei co-stars Yang Yang in the film version, which 3.___________(release)in the summer holiday this year.

        [答案]1.has become 2.got 3.will be released

        責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青endprint

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