祝清清 尤青海
非小細(xì)胞肺癌中紅細(xì)胞分布寬度的臨床研究
祝清清 尤青海
目的 探討紅細(xì)胞分布寬度(RDW)與非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)分期的關(guān)系。方法 收集2016年我院212例新發(fā)NSCLC患者病例資料,采用回顧性研究,分析不同TNM分期間以及不同程度淋巴結(jié)、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組間RDW的差異及相關(guān)性。 結(jié)果 Ⅰ期NSCLC的RDW水平與Ⅱ期患者無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(Z=-0.517,P=0.605),但Ⅰ期NSCLC的RDW水平低于Ⅲ期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.175,P=0.03),Ⅰ期NSCLC的RDW水平也明顯低于Ⅳ期(Z=-3.233,P=0.001);而Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期間的RDW水平無(wú)顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的NSCLC(N0組)的RDW水平與僅存在同側(cè)肺門(mén)、縱隔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(N1和N2組)的RDW水平無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(Z=-1.213,P=0.225),但N0組的RDW水平明顯低于存在對(duì)側(cè)縱隔、肺門(mén)淋巴結(jié)和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組(N3和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.998,P=0.003),而N1、N2組和N3、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組間的RDW水平無(wú)顯著統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(Z=-1.329,P=0.184)。NSCLC分期與RDW存在相關(guān)性(r=0.23,P=0.001),而且RDW與NSCLC不同程度淋巴結(jié)、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移間也存在相關(guān)性(r=0.205,P=0.003)。結(jié)論 隨著NSCLC腫瘤病灶的轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)展, RDW水平升高,且呈正相關(guān),對(duì)NSCLC的轉(zhuǎn)移有參考價(jià)值,但無(wú)法區(qū)別近端淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移。
非小細(xì)胞肺癌;紅細(xì)胞分布寬度;臨床研究
肺癌是全球最常見(jiàn)的癌癥,具有高發(fā)病率和死亡率。肺癌新診斷數(shù)量2016年增加14%,其死亡率占癌癥死亡病因的1/4[1]。根據(jù)病理特征,肺癌可分為小細(xì)胞肺癌和非小細(xì)胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC),其中NSCLC占85%-90%[2]。盡管在治療方面取得了進(jìn)步,但肺癌的5年生存率僅16%[3]。如何早期鑒別肺癌轉(zhuǎn)移,選擇合適的治療方法,是提高患者生存率的關(guān)鍵。近年來(lái),隨著對(duì)紅細(xì)胞分布寬度(red cell distribution width, RDW)研究深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)RDW可鑒別肺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移[4-5],但國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)NSCLC與RDW間的相關(guān)性研究較少,故本文擬探討NSCLC中RDW的臨床意義。
一、研究對(duì)象
回顧性分析2016年1月1日-2016年12月31日入住我院呼吸與危重癥學(xué)科、胸外科的新發(fā)NSCLC患者212例,其中男性142例,女性70例,年齡中位數(shù)61歲。所有患者均經(jīng)病理學(xué)和(或)細(xì)胞學(xué)明確診斷,其中腺癌138例,鱗癌74例。并根據(jù)國(guó)際肺癌研究學(xué)會(huì)(IASLC)第八版TNM分期進(jìn)行分期。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為:① 肝腎功能損害者;② 高血壓??;③ 糖尿??;④ 其他系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤史;⑤ 冠心病;⑥ 創(chuàng)傷;⑦ 肺部急、慢性炎癥性病變患者;⑧ 癡呆;⑨ 感染性疾病患者;⑩ 重度貧血患者。
二、檢測(cè)方法
使用含EDTA-K2的真空采血管,采集研究對(duì)象的清晨空腹靜脈血,于Sysmex XE-2100全自動(dòng)血細(xì)胞分析儀(日本希森美康公司)檢測(cè)。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,對(duì)非正態(tài)分布的資料以中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)[M(P25-P75)]表示。多組計(jì)量資料的比較用Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗(yàn),兩組計(jì)量資料的比較用Mann-Whitney U 檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性分析用Spearman相關(guān)性分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
一、NSCLC不同分期的RDW比較
NSCLC各分期間的RDW比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中Ⅰ期NSCLC的RDW水平與Ⅱ期的無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(Z=-0.517,P=0.605),但Ⅰ期NSCLC的RDW水平低于Ⅲ期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.175,P=0.03),Ⅰ期NSCLC的RDW水平也明顯低于Ⅳ期,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-3.233,P=0.001);而Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期間的RDW水平無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。(見(jiàn)表1)
表1 NSCLC不同分期的RDW比較[M(P25-P75)]
二、NSCLC不同程度淋巴結(jié)、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的RDW比較
NSCLC不同程度淋巴結(jié)、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組間的RDW,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的NSCLC(N0組)的RDW水平與僅存在同側(cè)肺門(mén)、縱隔淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移組(N1和N2組)的RDW水平無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(Z=-1.213,P=0.225),但N0組的RDW水平明顯低于存在對(duì)側(cè)縱隔、肺門(mén)淋巴結(jié)和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組(N3和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組)的RDW水平,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=-2.998,P=0.003),而N1、N2組和N3、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移組間的RDW水平無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(Z=-1.329,P=0.184)。(見(jiàn)表2)。
表2 NSCLC不同程度淋巴結(jié)、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的RDW比較[M(P25-P75)]
三、NSCLC分期、轉(zhuǎn)移程度與RDW的相關(guān)性分析
NSCLC分期與RDW存在相關(guān)性(r=0.23,P=0.001),而且RDW與NSCLC不同程度淋巴結(jié)、遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移間也存在相關(guān)性(r=0.205,P=0.003)。
RDW是反映循環(huán)紅細(xì)胞大小異質(zhì)性的指標(biāo),可以量化外周血紅細(xì)胞大小不均的數(shù)量,反映紅細(xì)胞生成異常[5],常用于判斷貧血的病因[6]。但目前越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明RDW的升高和心臟疾病[7]、肺栓塞[8]、創(chuàng)傷[9]、癡呆[10]、糖尿病[11]、血液系統(tǒng)惡性腫瘤[12]、食管癌[13]以及呼吸道疾病,如慢性阻塞性肺疾病[14]、間質(zhì)性肺炎[15]、結(jié)節(jié)病[16]、肺癌[17-19]的不良預(yù)后相關(guān)。
通過(guò)對(duì)肺癌患者預(yù)后變量進(jìn)行的單變量和多變量Cox比例危險(xiǎn)模型的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)調(diào)整后,RDW是決定肺癌患者生存率的重要因素[5]。Xie D等[10]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)RDW水平是廣泛期小細(xì)胞肺癌患者的獨(dú)立預(yù)后因子,而在局限期小細(xì)胞肺癌的預(yù)后判斷中作用不大。我們推測(cè)RDW與肺癌分期的聯(lián)系是獨(dú)立于腫瘤組織學(xué)亞型,因此探討NSCLC不同分期與RDW關(guān)聯(lián)。本研究中,剔除了可能影響RDW的其他病理狀態(tài),發(fā)現(xiàn)在NSCLC中,隨著分期的進(jìn)展、腫瘤病灶的轉(zhuǎn)移,RDW水平逐漸升高,且Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期的RDW水平顯著高于Ⅰ期,并呈正相關(guān);伴有對(duì)側(cè)淋巴結(jié)和(或)遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的NSCLC患者的RDW也是顯著高于無(wú)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的NSCLC。與國(guó)內(nèi)外研究一致[4,18]。
從而提示NSCLC的進(jìn)展伴隨有RDW升高,但其產(chǎn)生機(jī)制尚不明確,有學(xué)者認(rèn)為與癌癥發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中的慢性炎癥反應(yīng)、營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良相關(guān)[18],也有觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為是與受損的抗腫瘤免疫有關(guān)[17]。對(duì)于其產(chǎn)生機(jī)制的探討有待進(jìn)一步深入。
本研究尚存在一定的局限性:① 我們對(duì)于NSCLC僅選擇了腺癌、鱗癌兩種亞型,其他病理類(lèi)型因病例數(shù)過(guò)少,予以剔除,可能會(huì)造成研究結(jié)果的偏差;② NSCLC患者中部分有長(zhǎng)期吸煙史,是否合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病,因是回顧性研究,無(wú)法完全排除。
總之,本臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在NSCLC中,隨著腫瘤病灶的轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)展, RDW水平升高,且呈正相關(guān),對(duì)NSCLC轉(zhuǎn)移有參考價(jià)值,但無(wú)法區(qū)別近端淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,不排除病例數(shù)過(guò)少,所致偏差,尚需大樣本臨床數(shù)據(jù)證實(shí)。
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Clinical research on red cell distribution width in non-small-cell lung cancer
ZHUQing-qing,YOUQing-hai
PulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicine,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofAnhuiMedicalUniversity,Hefei,Anhui230022,China
Objective To investigate the significance of changes in the distribution width of red blood cells (RDW) in various stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 212 cases of NSCLC were collected in 2016. The differences and correlation in RDW were compared among different TNM stages, different levels of lymph nodes and distant metastases. Results The level of RDW had no statistical difference between stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ in NSCLC (Z=-0.517,P=0.605), but it was lower at stage Ⅰ than at stage Ⅲ (Z=-2.175,P=0.03) and stage Ⅳ (Z=-3.233,P=0.001). There was no statistical difference among stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The level of RDW had no statistical difference between the group without lymph node metastasis (N0) and the ipsilateral lung door group and the mediastinal lymph node metastasis group (group N1 and N2) (Z=-1.213,P=0.225), but it was lower in the N0 group than in the contralateral mediastinum lymph node group and the distant metastasis group (N3 and the distant metastasis group) (Z=-2.998,P=0.003). The level of RDW had no statistical difference among the N1, N2 and N3, distant metastasis groups (Z=-1.329,P=0.184). The NSCLC staging was associated with RDW (r=0.23,P=0.001), and RDW was associated with different levels of nodes and distant metastases (r=0.205,P=0.003). Conclusion The level of RDW is positively correlated with NSCLC tumor lesion, which has a reference value for NSCLC transfer, but there is no difference between proximal node metastasis and distant metastasis.
non-small-cell lung cancer; red cell distribution width; clinical research
10.3969/j.issn.1009-6663.2017.09.035
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No 81100053),國(guó)家臨床重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)科建設(shè)項(xiàng)目基金(No 2012·649)
230022 安徽 合肥,安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院呼吸與危重癥學(xué)科
尤青海,E-mail: amormor@126.com
2017-06-16]