趙傳志 張葉 吳詠梅
(上海市寶山區(qū)羅店醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科,上海 201908)
血脂水平對(duì)糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的影響
趙傳志 張葉 吳詠梅
(上海市寶山區(qū)羅店醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科,上海 201908)
目的:分析血脂水平對(duì)糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的影響,為糖尿病前期人群的轉(zhuǎn)歸預(yù)測(cè)提供參考。方法:調(diào)查1800例糖尿病前期患者基線資料、檢測(cè)其入組后血脂水平,并對(duì)患者實(shí)施3年隨訪,于末次隨訪時(shí)記錄患者血糖轉(zhuǎn)歸情況,比較不同血糖轉(zhuǎn)歸患者基線資料與血脂水平,運(yùn)用非條件Logistic回歸分析,探討血脂水平對(duì)糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的影響。結(jié)果:1800例糖尿病前期患者中,共有1603例獲得有效隨訪,IFG、IGT患者糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變率分別為12.93%、15.09%,均低于IFT+I(xiàn)GT患者的31.74%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。非條件Logistic回歸分析顯示TG是糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的危險(xiǎn)因素;在排除其他因素影響下,與基線TG水平0.35~0.98 mmol/L(TG1)相比,TG水平1.41~2.07 mmol/L(TG4)者糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升1.283倍(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:TG水平升高可造成糖尿病前期人群糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升,根據(jù)基線TG所處范圍評(píng)估患者糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變風(fēng)險(xiǎn),對(duì)于指導(dǎo)臨床血脂調(diào)節(jié)、糖尿病的預(yù)防具有積極作用。
血脂;糖尿病前期;轉(zhuǎn)歸;糖調(diào)節(jié)異常
糖尿病前期又稱糖調(diào)節(jié)受損,包括空腹血糖受損(IFG)和糖耐量減低(IGT),是糖耐量正常與糖尿病之間的一種狀態(tài),每年約有5%~10%糖尿病前期患者進(jìn)展至糖尿病[1]。一項(xiàng)大規(guī)模薈萃分析顯示,糖尿病前期是糖尿病患者的必經(jīng)階段,而在糖代謝紊亂的早期階段予以干預(yù),能夠預(yù)防和延緩糖尿病的發(fā)生[2]。此外,有研究指出,血脂異??捎绊懸葝u素功能與肝葡萄糖生產(chǎn),進(jìn)而引發(fā)糖代謝異常,可能與糖尿病前期的轉(zhuǎn)歸具有密切關(guān)聯(lián)[3]。為了解血脂水平對(duì)糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的影響,本研究進(jìn)行了1800例患者的前瞻性分析。
1.1 研究人群
2012年2月至2014年2月,參照2010年版《中國(guó)糖尿病防治指南》[4]檢出的糖尿病前期患者,選擇居住地為我院周邊,能夠滿足隨訪需要的1800例患者,隨訪期間退出或失訪者予以剔除。此次研究已征得我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 基線資料采集 制作統(tǒng)一的基線資料調(diào)查表,對(duì)受試者性別、年齡、出生日期、住址、文化程度、個(gè)人史、既往史、家族史、生活方式、用藥情況等(女性受試者增加月經(jīng)史、生育史)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,患者簽署知情同意書后囑其前往門診測(cè)量身高、體重、腰圍、臀圍、血壓,計(jì)算體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)及腰臀比(WHR)[5],并檢測(cè)其入組次日糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、FPG、OTGG后2 hPG及血脂水平。
1.2.2 隨訪 采用電話隨訪、門診隨診、家庭訪視、社區(qū)教育等形式,對(duì)被調(diào)查者進(jìn)行為期3年的隨訪,記錄患者末次隨訪時(shí)自然轉(zhuǎn)歸,包括正常糖耐量、糖調(diào)節(jié)受損(IFG、IGT、IFG+I(xiàn)GT)及糖尿病,轉(zhuǎn)歸判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]:1)IFG:空腹血糖(FPG)6.1~6.9 mmol/L,口服葡萄糖耐量試驗(yàn)后2小時(shí)血糖(2 h PG)血糖<7.8 mmol/L;2)IGT:FPG<6.1 mmol/L,2 h OTGG血糖7.8~11.1 mmol/L;3)IFG+I(xiàn)GT:FPG 6.1~6.9 mmol/L,2 h PG7.8~11.1 mmol/L。1.2.3 分析與統(tǒng)計(jì) 觀察不同糖尿病前期類型患者自然轉(zhuǎn)歸情況,并比較不同自然轉(zhuǎn)歸患者基線資料差異,以SPSS18.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),將存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異的血脂指標(biāo)納入非條件Logistic回歸分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。根據(jù)基線資料差異調(diào)整變量,總結(jié)血脂水平對(duì)糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的影響。
2.1 隨訪結(jié)果
1800例糖尿病前期患者中,共有1603例獲得有效隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間3~3.5年,中位隨訪時(shí)間3.3年。IFG、IGT患者糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變率分別為12.93%、15.09%,均低于IFT+I(xiàn)GT患者的31.74%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
表1 糖尿病前期患者自然轉(zhuǎn)歸情況(n/%)
2.2 基線資料
轉(zhuǎn)歸為糖尿病患者糖尿病家族史、吸煙、飲酒比例高于正常糖耐量、糖調(diào)節(jié)受損患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。正常糖耐量、糖調(diào)節(jié)受損、糖尿病患者年齡、收縮壓、HbA1c、FPG、2 hPG、TG逐漸升高,正常糖耐量患者BMI低于糖調(diào)節(jié)受損、糖尿病患者,糖尿病患者WHR高于正常糖耐量、糖調(diào)節(jié)受損患者,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
表2 不同轉(zhuǎn)歸患者基線(計(jì)數(shù))資料比較(n/%)
注:與正常糖耐量比較,*P<0.05;與糖調(diào)節(jié)受損比較,#P<0.05
表3 不同轉(zhuǎn)歸患者基線(計(jì)量)資料比較
表3 不同轉(zhuǎn)歸患者基線(計(jì)量)資料比較
注:與正常糖耐量比較,*P<0.05;與糖調(diào)節(jié)受損比較,#P<0.05
糖尿?。╪=295)年齡(歲)58.13±9.8160.21±9.97*61.36±9.25*#BMI(kg/m2)24.23±3.0825.09±3.11*25.26±3.28*WHR0.88±0.170.87±0.150.93±0.13*#收縮壓(mmHg)112.26±14.38120.39±15.52*127.95±17.07*#舒張壓(mmHg)81.33±10.2580.46±10.3781.25±9.94 HbA1c(%)5.86±0.526.03±0.59*6.18±0.47*#FPG(mmol/L)5.50±0.485.72±0.69*6.23±0.71*#2 hPG(mmol/L)8.13(1.15)8.97(1.52)*9.59(1.63)*#TC(mmol/L)4.60±0.954.63±0.974.66±0.87 TG(mmol/L)1.24(1.02)1.49(0.99)*1.61(1.15)*#HDL-C(mmol/L)1.22±0.311.20±0.341.22±0.30 LDL-C(mmol/L)1.75±0.291.69±0.381.77±0.25基線資料正常糖耐量(n=559)糖調(diào)節(jié)受損(n=749)
2.3 影響因素分析
非條件Logistic回歸分析顯示,TG是糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的危險(xiǎn)因素;按照TG1:0.35~0.98 mmol/L;TG2:0.99~1.40 mmol/L;TG3:1.41~2.07 mmol/L;TG4:2.08~11.70 mmol/L,劃分為4個(gè)水平,以基線TG1水平為參考自變量,在排除其他因素影響下,與基線TG水平相比,TG水平1.41~2.07 mmol/L(TG4)者糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升1.283倍(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
表4 TG對(duì)糖尿病前期人群轉(zhuǎn)歸的非條件Logistic回歸分析
多數(shù)研究認(rèn)為,胰腺β細(xì)胞受損和胰島素抵抗是IFG、IGT患者主要病理生理改變[7-8]。雖然糖調(diào)節(jié)受損是正常糖耐量向糖尿病過(guò)渡的必經(jīng)階段,但其高度的可逆性,為臨床干預(yù)、逆轉(zhuǎn)提供了可能[9]。本研究中1603例糖尿病前期人群3年后共有295例患者進(jìn)展至糖尿病,糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變率為18.40%,與多數(shù)國(guó)內(nèi)研究結(jié)果一致[10]。較單純IFG、IGT患者而言,同時(shí)患有IFG、IGT的患者,其糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變率高達(dá)31.74%,而僅患一種糖調(diào)節(jié)異常疾病的患者糖尿病發(fā)病率相仿。與此同時(shí),IFG+I(xiàn)GT患者家族史、收縮壓、HbA1c、FPG、2 hPG均較單純IFG、IGT患者有著更高的異常率,說(shuō)明在未進(jìn)展至糖尿病時(shí),該類患者已存在較多代謝綜合征危險(xiǎn)因素,與糖代謝異常所致高胰島素血癥,繼而引發(fā)的體內(nèi)慢性炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān),而慢性炎癥所致血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷還可造成腎素血管緊張素醛固酮系統(tǒng)過(guò)度激活,并導(dǎo)致血壓調(diào)節(jié)失衡[11-12]。這可能是糖調(diào)節(jié)受損、糖尿病患者收縮壓逐漸升高的重要原因。
通過(guò)非條件Logistic回歸分析,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),血清TG水平升高可導(dǎo)致糖尿病前期人群向糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,這是由于:1)機(jī)體血液循環(huán)中血脂合成與分解的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡對(duì)于胰島素敏感性的維持與胰島素抵抗的預(yù)防有著重要作用,TG水平上升意味著血脂調(diào)節(jié)平衡紊亂,這一狀態(tài)可加劇糖耐量減退,進(jìn)而造成糖尿病發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升[13-15];2)TG升高往往伴隨著血清自由脂肪酸水平的增加,而自由脂肪酸是調(diào)控胰島B細(xì)胞的重要成分,其水平升高可造成胰島B細(xì)胞功能障礙,從而造成胰島素分泌受阻,血糖持續(xù)升高[16];3)胰島素抵抗、胰島素及血糖水平升高可進(jìn)一步加重肝臟TG及極低密度脂蛋白合成增加、清除相對(duì)減少,從而形成惡性循環(huán),促使患者由糖尿病前期進(jìn)展至糖尿病[17]。此外,有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,血清TG也可反映患者日常生活狀態(tài),即血清TG水平較高者,生活習(xí)慣往往較差,高熱量飲食較多、體力勞動(dòng)偏少,而不良生活習(xí)慣也被認(rèn)為是糖尿病發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要危險(xiǎn)因素[18]。本研究中進(jìn)展至糖尿病的患者亦有著更高的吸煙率與飲酒率。總之,隨著患者TG水平的升高,其糖尿病轉(zhuǎn)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)逐漸上升。
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The influence of blood lipid levels on the outcome of patients with pre-diabetes
ZHAO Chuanzhi, ZHANG Ye, WU Yongmei. (Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital,Shanghai 201908 china)
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the inf l uence of blood lipid levels on the outcome of patients with pre-diabetes and provide references for the prediction of outcome. Methods: The baseline information of 1800 patients with pre-diabetes was investigated and their blood lipid levels were measured. Three-year follow-up was conducted and their blood sugar status in the fi nal follow-up was recorded. The baseline information and blood lipid level of different prognosis were compared and studied by unconditioned Logistic regression analysis to explore the inf l uence of blood lipid levels on the outcome of patients with pre-diabetes. Results: A total of 1800 pre-diabetes were collected in this study, of which 1603 were accessible to effective follow-up. The conversion rate of IFG (impaired fasting glucose, IFG) and IGT ( impaired glucose tolerance, IGT) were 12.93% and 15.09%, which were lower than the patients of IFG combined with IGT(31.74%) and the difference was statistically signif i cant(P<0.05). unconditioned Logistic regression analysis showed that TG ( Triglyceride, TG) was the risk factor for the pre-diabetes patients; under the condition of excluding other factors, the conversion risk of patients with TG4 level (1.41~2.07 mmol/L) was increased by 1.283 times (P<0.05)compared to the baseline of TG1 (0.35~0.98 mmol/L). Conclusions: The rising of TG level would increase the risk of conversion of pre-diabetes. It is of positive signif i cance to guide lipid regulation and prevent diabetes based on the assessment of TG.
pre-diabetes; prognosis; impaired glacose regulation
R587.1
A
2095-5200(2017)04-075-03
10.11876/mimt201704031
趙傳志,本科,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:內(nèi)分泌臨床,Email:82625706824@qq.com。