徐 茜,馮 如,閭永健,岳蘇陽(yáng),費(fèi)素娟
血清胃泌素-17在結(jié)腸息肉患者中的表達(dá)及臨床意義
徐 茜,馮 如,閭永健,岳蘇陽(yáng),費(fèi)素娟
目的 探討血清胃泌素-17(G-17)與結(jié)腸息肉發(fā)生的相關(guān)性,評(píng)價(jià)其在結(jié)腸息肉篩查中的輔助診斷價(jià)值。方法 選擇2015年12月—2016年10月我院194例結(jié)腸息肉患者作為結(jié)腸息肉組,另選擇同期100例經(jīng)結(jié)腸鏡檢查無(wú)明顯異常者作為對(duì)照組。通過(guò)酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法檢測(cè)兩組血清G-17水平及G-17陽(yáng)性率,進(jìn)一步繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,尋找診斷結(jié)腸息肉的最佳界值。再對(duì)結(jié)腸息肉組進(jìn)行亞組分析,觀察血清G-17水平與結(jié)腸息肉病理類型、發(fā)生部位及數(shù)量的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 結(jié)腸息肉組血清G-17水平明顯高于對(duì)照組(t=7.513,P=0.000),G-17陽(yáng)性率也顯著高于對(duì)照組(χ2=91.424,P=0.000)。ROC曲線顯示,G-17診斷結(jié)腸息肉的最佳界值為15.16 pmol/L,診斷敏感性為61.7%、特異性為81.2%。結(jié)腸息肉組亞組分析顯示,惡性程度較高的腺瘤性息肉亞組與炎性、增生性、混合性息肉亞組相比,G-17水平顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(vs炎性息肉亞組:t=3.265,P=0.002;vs增生性息肉亞組:t=2.210,P=0.039;vs混合性息肉亞組:t=2.122,P=0.034);但息肉發(fā)生部位、息肉數(shù)量與G-17水平無(wú)關(guān)。結(jié)論 血清G-17可能與結(jié)腸息肉的發(fā)生及病理類型相關(guān),有望成為臨床預(yù)測(cè)和篩查結(jié)腸息肉的一種方法。
結(jié)腸息肉;胃泌素-17;預(yù)測(cè);篩查
胃泌素由Modlin等[1]發(fā)現(xiàn)并命名,是由胃竇、十二指腸G細(xì)胞分泌的一種肽類激素,對(duì)于促進(jìn)胃蛋白酶原和胃酸分泌、調(diào)節(jié)胃腸道功能,以及營(yíng)養(yǎng)和促進(jìn)消化道黏膜生長(zhǎng)具有重要作用[2]。在胃泌素的眾多亞型中,胃泌素-17(G-17)占80%~90%,其作用也最為重要[3]。目前G-17已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于早期胃癌的篩查,常與胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PG Ⅰ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PG Ⅱ)及PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ(PGR)聯(lián)合檢測(cè),用來(lái)提示胃黏膜的功能狀態(tài)。陸續(xù)有研究表明,胃泌素與結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[4],但結(jié)腸息肉尤其是作為結(jié)腸癌癌前狀態(tài)的腺瘤性息肉與胃泌素的關(guān)系尚存在爭(zhēng)議。本研究旨在探索血清G-17與結(jié)腸息肉的相關(guān)性。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取2015年12月—2016年10月因消化道癥狀到我院,經(jīng)胃、腸鏡聯(lián)合檢查確診的結(jié)腸息肉194例作為結(jié)腸息肉組,并經(jīng)病史采集及病理檢查排除炎癥性腸病、慢性萎縮性胃炎、消化性潰瘍、胃癌及癌變息肉者,均無(wú)胃手術(shù)病史、家族性腺瘤性息肉家族史。另選擇同期經(jīng)結(jié)腸鏡檢查無(wú)明顯異常者100例作為對(duì)照組。結(jié)腸息肉組男153例,女41例;年齡(58.74±11.43)歲。對(duì)照組男75例,女25例;年齡(54.47±13.04)歲。兩組間性別、年齡差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 血清G-17水平檢測(cè):取兩組患者空腹外周血3 ml,室溫靜置1 h,離心取血清,分裝后加入G-17穩(wěn)定劑,-20℃保存。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法檢測(cè)患者血清G-17水平,按照G-17抗體Elisa試劑盒(購(gòu)自芬蘭Biohit Oyj公司)說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。G-17正常值范圍:1~15 pmol/L,以>15 pmol/L為陽(yáng)性。進(jìn)一步繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線,尋找G-17診斷結(jié)腸息肉的最佳界值。
1.2.2 相關(guān)性分析:采用FUJINON EG-450 WR5電子結(jié)腸鏡和FUJINON EG-450 R5電子胃鏡觀察結(jié)腸息肉組患者息肉的部位、數(shù)量及黏膜,分析血清G-17水平與結(jié)腸息肉臨床特點(diǎn)的關(guān)系。
2.1 血清G-17水平比較 結(jié)腸息肉組血清G-17水平及陽(yáng)性率均明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表1。ROC曲線分析得出,曲線下面積為0.739(95% CI:0.682,0.795),G-17診斷結(jié)腸息肉的最佳界值為15.16 pmol/L,診斷敏感性為61.7%,特異性為81.2%。見(jiàn)圖1。
表1 結(jié)腸息肉患者與非結(jié)腸息肉者血清胃泌素-17水平及陽(yáng)性率比較
圖1 胃泌素-17診斷結(jié)腸息肉的受試者工作特征曲線
2.2 血清G-17與息肉特征的關(guān)系 經(jīng)內(nèi)鏡下息肉組織病理檢查分為4個(gè)亞組,炎性息肉組26例,血清水平為G-17(9.19±3.08)pmol/L;增生性息肉組74例,血清G-17水平為(17.56±2.44)pmol/L;腺瘤性息肉組42例,血清G-17水平為(31.21±4.94)pmol/L;混合性息肉組52例,血清G-17水平為(16.73±3.37)pmol/L。腺瘤性息肉組血清G-17水平明顯高于其他3組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(腺瘤性息肉組vs炎性息肉組:t=3.265,P=0.002;腺瘤性息肉組vs增生性息肉組:t=2.210,P=0.039; 腺瘤性息肉組vs混合性息肉組:t=2.122,P=0.034),余3組間兩兩比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。不同部位、不同數(shù)量結(jié)腸息肉患者血清G-17水平比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 194例不同部位、數(shù)量結(jié)腸息肉患者血清胃泌素-17水平比較
結(jié)腸息肉從病理類型上可分為腫瘤性息肉和非腫瘤性息肉兩種,其中腫瘤性息肉包括腺瘤性息肉、不典型增生性息肉等,非腫瘤性息肉則包括炎性息肉、幼年性息肉及增生性息肉等。腺瘤性息肉占所有結(jié)腸息肉的76.5%。早在1976年,Morson[4]就提出,50%~70%的結(jié)直腸癌來(lái)源于結(jié)直腸腺瘤,腺瘤性息肉的癌變率為2.9%~9.4%。隨著研究的深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)超過(guò)90%的結(jié)直腸癌由結(jié)直腸腺瘤衍變而來(lái),目前腺瘤-腺癌演變理論已被廣泛接受認(rèn)可。美國(guó)消化病學(xué)會(huì)和消化內(nèi)鏡學(xué)會(huì)(AGA/ASGE)消化道腫瘤篩查指南指出,腺瘤性息肉可視為結(jié)腸癌的癌前狀態(tài)。
G-17是胃泌素的主要成分,其分泌可受乙酰膽堿、組胺、蛋白類以及分解產(chǎn)物氨基酸的影響。大量研究已經(jīng)證實(shí),高胃泌素血癥是萎縮性胃炎、胃癌的高危因素;在胃癌患者中,胃泌素與腫瘤的浸潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)移同樣相關(guān)[5-7]。隨著研究的深入,發(fā)現(xiàn)血清胃泌素還與除胃癌外的其他消化道腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有一定聯(lián)系[8-12]。Lee等[12]在動(dòng)物模型上驗(yàn)證,高胃泌素血癥可以引起食管上皮化生和不典型增生,從而促進(jìn)Barrett食管進(jìn)展甚至導(dǎo)致食管腺癌的形成。Marshall等[9]研究表明,血清胃泌素通過(guò)MAPK信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路加速結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展。結(jié)腸息肉作為結(jié)腸癌的癌前高危狀態(tài),關(guān)于其與胃泌素的關(guān)系,目前尚仍存在一定爭(zhēng)議[13-14]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)腸息肉患者血清G-17水平較高,然而其升高水平與息肉發(fā)生部位、息肉數(shù)量并不相關(guān),但通過(guò)病理學(xué)分組比較,具有高癌變風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的腺瘤性息肉亞組G-17水平顯著高于炎性、增生性及混合性息肉亞組。
由于臨床所檢測(cè)的血清胃泌素有正常值范圍,為更簡(jiǎn)化應(yīng)用于臨床,我們?cè)诒驹囼?yàn)中設(shè)置了G-17陽(yáng)性范圍。本研究血清G-17<1 pmol/L者,對(duì)照組無(wú),結(jié)腸息肉組有1例,故以高于正常血清G-17水平者視為陽(yáng)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),結(jié)腸息肉組血清G-17陽(yáng)性率較對(duì)照組有顯著差異;通過(guò)ROC曲線計(jì)算得出G-17診斷結(jié)腸息肉的最佳界值為15.16 pmol/L,診斷敏感性為61.7%、特異性為81.2%。
綜上,我們認(rèn)為血清G-17可應(yīng)用于結(jié)腸息肉患者的預(yù)測(cè)篩查,可提高結(jié)腸息肉特別是腺瘤性息肉的檢出率,對(duì)于結(jié)腸癌的預(yù)防有一定的臨床意義。但本試驗(yàn)對(duì)象尚存在地域局限性,有待進(jìn)一步多中心的大樣本研究及相關(guān)機(jī)制的研究驗(yàn)證。
[1] Modlin I M, Kidd M, Marks I N,etal. The pivotal role of John S. Edkins in the discovery of gastrin[J].World J Surg, 1997,21(2):226-234.
[2] Liu Z, Luo Y, Cheng Y,etal. Gastrin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal injury in rats[J].Exp Biol Med (Maywood) ,2016,241(8):873-881.
[3] Hayakawa Y, Chang W, Jin G,etal.Gastrin and upper GI cancers[J].Curr Opin Pharmacol, 2016,31:31-37.
[4] Morson B C. Genesis of colorectal cancer[J].Clin Gastroenterol, 1976,5(3):505-525.
[5] Sun L, Tu H, Liu J,etal. A comprehensive evaluation of fasting serum gastrin-17 as a predictor of diseased stomach in Chinese population[J].Scand J Gastroenterol, 2014,49(10):1164-1172.
[6] Zhuang K, Yan Y, Zhang X,etal. Gastrin promotes the metastasis of gastric carcinoma through the β-catenin/TCF-4 pathway[J].Oncol Rep, 2016,36(3):1369-1376.
[7] He Q, Gao H, Gao M,etal. Anti-Gastrins Antiserum Combined with Lowered Dosage Cytotoxic Drugs to Inhibit the Growth of Human Gastric Cancer SGC7901 Cells in Nude Mice[J].J Cancer, 2015,6(5):448-456.
[8] Patel M, Kawano T, Suzuki N,etal. Gα13/PDZ-RhoGEF/RhoA signaling is essential for gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-mediated colon cancer cell migration[J].Mol Pharmacol, 2014,86(3):252-262.
[9] Marshall K M, Laval M, Estacio O,etal. Activation by zinc of the human gastrin gene promoter in colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo[J].Metallomics, 2015,7(10):1390-1398.
[10]Masia-Balague M, Izquierdo I, Garrido G,etal. Gastrin-stimulated Gα13 Activation of Rgnef Protein (ArhGEF28) in DLD-1 Colon Carcinoma Cells[J].J Biol Chem, 2015,290(24):15197-15209.
[11]Wang J, Xin B, Wang H,etal. Gastrin regulates ABCG2 to promote the migration, invasion and side populations in pancreatic cancer cells via activation of NF-κB signaling[J].Exp Cell Res, 2016,346(1):74-84.
[12]Lee Y, Urbanska A M, Hayakawa Y,etal. Gastrin stimulates a cholecystokinin-2-receptor-expressing cardia progenitor cell and promotes progression of Barrett's-like esophagus[J].Oncotarget, 2017,8(1):203-214.
[13]Oset P, Jasinska A, Szczesniak P,etal. Analysis of serum gastrin levels in patients with adenomatous polyps of the colon[J].Pol Merkur Lekarski, 2009,26(155):458-461.
[14]Do C, Bertrand C, Palasse J,etal. A new biomarker that predicts colonic neoplasia outcome in patients with hyperplastic colonic polyps[J].Cancer Prev Res (Phila), 2012,5(4):675-684.
Expression and Significance of Serum Gastrin-17 in Patients with Colonic Polyps
XU Qian1, FENG Ru1, LYU Yong-jian1, YUE Su-yang1, FEI Su-juan2
(1. Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China)
Objective To investigate correlation between serum gastrin-17 (G-17) and colonic polyps pathogenesy, and to evaluate its diagnostic value in screening colonic polyp. Methods A total of 194 cases of colonic polyps during December 2015 and October 2016 were selected as colonic polyps group, and other 100 cases without colonic abnormalities at the same period were chosen as control group. Serum G-17 levels and G-17 positive rates were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and receiver operating curve (ROC) was drawn further to find the best cut-off value in diagnosis of colonic polyps. Relationships between serum G-17 level and pathological types, lesion locations and number of colonic polyps were observed by subgroup analysis of colonic polyps. Results In colonic polyps group, serum G-17 level was significantly higher (t=7.513,P=0.000), and the positive rate of G-17 was significantly higher than those in control group (χ2=91.424,P=0.000). ROC showed that the best cut-off value of G-17 in diagnosis of colonic polyps was 15.16 pmol/L, and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 61.7% and 81.2% respectively. The subgroup analysis of colonic polyps group showed that the G-17 level was significantly higher in the subgroup of adenomatous polyposis with higher malignant degree than those in inflammatory, proliferative and mixed polyps subgroups, and the differences were statistically significant (vs inflammation subgroup:t=3.265,P=0.002; vs hyperplasia subgroup:t=2.210,P=0.039; vs mixed subgroup:t=2.122,P=0.034); but G-17 levels showed no relationships with the location and number of polyps. Conclusion Serum G-17 may be associated with pathogenesy and pathological types of colonic polyps, and it is expected to be a method for clinical prediction and screening of colonic polyps.
Colon polyps; Gastrin-17; Forecasting; Screening
江蘇省高校自然科學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目(14KJB320021)
221002 江蘇 徐州,徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)(徐茜、馮如、閭永健、岳蘇陽(yáng));221002 江蘇 徐州,徐州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科(費(fèi)素娟)
費(fèi)素娟,電話:18361263165;E-mail:xyfyfeisj99@163.com
R735.35
A
1002-3429(2017)07-0085-04
10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.07.026
2016-11-23 修回時(shí)間:2017-04-06)