◇ 文 |田 東

老板，來一碗企鵝雞湯

◇ 文 |田 東

2017年5月17日，騰訊公司公布當(dāng)年第一季度財報。今年前三個月，騰訊歸屬上市公司部分的總收入為495.52億元（71.82億美元），同比增長55%；凈利潤145億元人民幣，同比增長58%。

財報一公布，騰訊股價應(yīng)聲大漲，成為全球第九大上市公司。

馬化騰是怎么想到做QQ這個東西的？微信是怎么來的？騰訊游戲是怎么戰(zhàn)勝盛大的？江湖傳聞的騰訊員工平均月薪6萬多是真的嗎？……那個幾乎代表了騰訊公司形象的企鵝，是怎么一步一步從一個不起眼的小卡通，成長為如今全球商業(yè)市場上的一只巨無霸的呢？

如果你想知道比較靠譜的答案，進而“順便”收獲點關(guān)于商業(yè)運作、公司管理、企業(yè)方向等方面的“干貨”，讀一讀由著名財經(jīng)作家吳曉波耗時5年多完成的《騰訊傳》。

吳曉波的品牌保證加上騰訊18年來對大眾生活的高度參與和影響，以及這只企鵝和MSN，還有360，以及和幾乎所有中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)門戶網(wǎng)站、游戲網(wǎng)站、郵箱網(wǎng)站的相愛相殺，讓本書的閱讀快感不亞于一部精彩的商戰(zhàn)小說。書中不時蹦出的八卦，順帶可滿足很多人的窺私癖。

On May17th, 2017, Tencent published its first-quarter financial statements of 2017. In the first three months of 2017, the general income of Tencent as a listed company is 49.552 billion yuan (7.182 billion dollars)which increases by 55% on year-on-year basis. The net profit is 14.5 billion yuan which increases 58% on year-on-year basis.

As the financial statements were published, the share price of Tencent rose correspondingly, which made Tencent the ninth largest listed company in the world.

What drove Ma Huateng to create QQ? How did Wechat come into being? How did Tencent beat Shanda Games? Is it true that the average income of the Tencent employees is more than 60,000 yuan? ...... How did the penguin which almost represents the image of Tencent grow up from an ordinary cartoon figure into a tycoon in the global commercial market?

If you want to get a reliable answer and then get some “real stuff”about business operations, company management and enterprise orientations “by the way”, you should read Biography of Tencent which was written by Wu Xiaobo, a famous writer of finance and economics, formore than 5 years.

The brand guarantee by Wu Xiaobo, the 18 years’ high-degree participation in and influence on people’s lives by Tencent, and the cooperation and confrontation between this penguin and MSN, 360 and other Chinese internet portals, game sites and e-mail sites makes this book as wonderful as a novel on commercial warfare. Gossips hop on this book now and then to satisfy people’s curiosity of others’ privacy.

先說企鵝。那只我們再熟悉不過的企鵝、騰訊的企業(yè)形象代表，是怎么來的呢？

QQ的資深用戶可能還會有這樣的印象：1999年的某天，當(dāng)時還叫OICQ的那個小聊天工具，突然掛出了兩個LOGO圖標(biāo)：一個是原來的傳呼機，一個小企鵝。

原來，這是騰訊公司在向用戶征集意見——這是中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)第一次把品牌LOGO的決定權(quán)交給用戶。結(jié)果，企鵝贏得了勝利?？赡莻€時候的企鵝臉白身黑眼睛細(xì)，身材瘦長，并不是我們現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣的樣子。幾個月，騰訊參加在深圳舉辦的中國第一次國際高新技術(shù)成果交易會。為吸引參觀者，騰訊此前找人燒制了1000個企鵝形象的陶瓷儲錢罐?？晌泄驹跓茣r，覺得騰訊提供的企鵝模板太瘦了，做成儲錢罐會站不穩(wěn)，擅做主張把企鵝增胖了，還在脖子上加了一條黑色的圍巾。結(jié)果大受歡迎，后來的一切就順理成章了。

Let’s talk about the penguin first. How did the penguin that is very familiar to us all and represents the enterprise image of Tencent come into being?

The senior users of QQ might still remember that: one day in 1999, a chat tool named OICQ presented two LOGO icons suddenly. One was the original bleeper, and the other one is a small penguin.

It turns out that Tencent was collecting users’opinions on these two LOGO icons —— it was the first time that the Chinese internet enterprise had the users to decide the brand LOGO. Finally, the penguin won. However, at that time, the penguin was not the one we are accustomed to but had white face, black body, tiny eyes, and long and thin figure. Several months later, Tencent attended the first Chinese International Hi-tech Fair in Shenzhen. In order to attract the visitors, Tencent has assigned special persons to make 1000 ceramic saving pots in the figure of penguin. However, the entrusted company thought the penguin figure provided by Tencent was too thin to stand stable as a saving pot, so it made the penguin fatter without permission and added a black scarf around the penguin’s neck. This figure got very popular unexpectedly, and the subsequent things were in a clear and ordered pattern.

再說微信。

2011年1月21日，第一代微信推出。此前一個月，雷軍的小米推出了米聊。兩者較量大約半年后，微信靠著“查看附近的人”功能實現(xiàn)用戶暴增，“干掉”了米聊。微信的成功成就了微信之父張小龍這個愛抽KENT牌香煙、喜歡邁克爾?杰克遜的IT文藝青年，還讓固守深圳大本營的騰訊高級執(zhí)行副總裁劉成敏主動辭職。

類似的故事還有很多?？伞厄v訊傳》的閱讀價值不僅限于這些八卦故事，還有很多值得“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新”下的創(chuàng)業(yè)者學(xué)習(xí)、思考和借鑒的經(jīng)驗。甚至對只享受“眼前茍且”的人來說，也有不少心靈雞湯——盡管心靈雞湯如今備受指責(zé)，可并不是所有的雞湯都有毒。各位看官，來一碗嗎？

還是從一個在海南東方市八所港的夜晚里，用自制的簡陋天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡探索星空的少年談起吧。

Let’s talk about Wechat.

On January 21st, 2011, the first-generation Wechat came out. A month before, Lei Jun, the CEO of Xiaomi, introduced MiTalk. After the competition for half a year, Wechat realized the sharp increase of users because of the function “People Nearby”and “killed” MiTalk. The success of Wechat accomplished Zhang Xiaolong who is the father of Wechat and an IT and artistic man and also likes the KENT cigarettes and Michael Jackson. It also made Liu Chengmin who was the senior executive vicepresident of Tencent and was firmly entrenched in Shenzhen supreme headquarter resigned on his own initiative.

Similar stories are plenty, but the reading value of Biography of Tencent does not limit to these gossips but also include the experiences that are worth of learning, thinking and drawing lessons by the entrepreneurs under the disciple of “mass entrepreneurship and innovation”. For the people who just want to enjoy “the immediate happiness”,there are a lot of chicken soup for the soul too ——although the chicken soup for the soul receives a lot of criticisms recently, not all the chicken soup was poisonous. Dear readers, do you want one?

Let’s talk about the young man who explored the starry sky through the self-made simple astronomical telescope at night in Basuo Harbor Dongfang City Hainan Province.

那時，馬化騰讀小學(xué)4年級，爸媽給他定了一本叫《我們愛科學(xué)》的期刊。從那上面，小馬看到了自制天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡的介紹文章，纏著媽媽買回一套鏡片，自己組裝了一臺。通過簡陋的儀器，兒時的馬化騰看到了浩瀚無垠的星空，激發(fā)了對未知世界的探索興趣。

幾年后的1986年4月11日，已是初三學(xué)生的他宣布，自己是深圳中學(xué)第一個看到哈雷彗星的人。已經(jīng)跟隨家長遷到深圳的馬化騰，探索宇宙的武器，是當(dāng)時售價高達700多元的一臺準(zhǔn)專業(yè)級天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡。這架望遠(yuǎn)鏡花掉了馬化騰父親近4個月的工資。一開始，馬化騰的父親是拒絕的。傷心而又不甘的小馬在日記本里寫道：爸爸媽媽扼殺了一個科學(xué)家的夢想。偶然翻看到日記的媽媽和爸爸商量后，咬咬牙，用這筆“巨款”把他的夢想“搶救”了回來。

那時以及以后的中學(xué)生涯里，他一直學(xué)習(xí)著各種天文知識。他課間的游戲之一，就是和當(dāng)時的同學(xué)、日后的創(chuàng)業(yè)伙伴張志東、陳一丹、許晨曄等人在教室走廊里比賽背誦圓周率。

張愛玲說過，出名要趁早！這話對不對見仁見智。我想說的，也想要端給各位看官品嘗的第一碗雞湯是，雖然說什么時候努力都不晚，但努力還是越早越好。

At that time, Ma Huateng was at the fourth grade of primary school. His parents ordered him a journal named We Love Science. Little Ma read an article about the self-made astronomical telescope from this journal, so he asked his mother to buy a set of glass and assembled a set of astronomical telescope on his own. Through this simple and crude apparatus, Ma Huateng saw the wide and starry sky in his childhood, which inspired his interests in the unknown world.

On April 11th, 1986, as a third-year student of middle school, Ma Huateng declared that he was the first one seeing the Halley’s Comet in Shenzhen Middle School. He moved to Shenzhen with his family, and the weapon Ma Huateng has applied to explore the universe was a professional astronomical telescope whose price was more than 700 yuan. This telescope has costed almost 4 months’ income of Ma’s father. At the beginning, Ma’s father refused.Ma Huateng was very sad and unwilling, so he wrote in his diary that: dad and mom killed the dream of a scientist. After reading the diary accidentally, his parents discussed and decided to “save” his dream by this “vast sum”.

Since then, he kept learning all kinds of knowledge about astronomy. One of his recreationsin the class break was competing to recite the circumference ratio with Zhang Zhidong, Chen Yidan and Xu Chenye who are his classmates and later venture partners.

Zhang Ailing once said that it is better to get famous earlier. Opinions on this saying differ. But what I want to say, and the first bowl of chicken soup that I want to offer you is that although it’s never too late to try, it’s better to try earlier.

身體和理想瘋長到1989年，馬化騰和他的小伙伴們走到了高考的門前?！案呖紱Q定命運”“一考定終身”等曾經(jīng)耳熟能詳?shù)目谔柈?dāng)年還真的改變了馬化騰的命運：成績優(yōu)秀的馬化騰考了739分，高出當(dāng)年重點線100多分。由于種種原因，他高考的第一志愿填報了深圳大學(xué)。

入學(xué)后，馬化騰又面臨一個重要卻無奈的選擇——學(xué)校沒有自己喜愛的天文專業(yè)。最終，他選擇了電子工程系的計算機專業(yè)。畢業(yè)后，一邊在潤迅公司打工，一邊侍弄著惠多網(wǎng)深圳站的馬站長，和張志東、陳一丹、許晨曄還有曾李青一起，創(chuàng)辦了騰訊公司。

關(guān)于公司名字的由來，吳曉波在書里是這樣說的——

他們事先想好了幾個名字，首選“網(wǎng)訊”，備選依次是“捷訊”“飛訊”和“騰訊”。馬化騰父親到工商局注冊的時候，對方說，前面三個都登記不下來，第四個還可以。馬化騰告訴吳曉波：“我想，有我的名字太個人色彩了，不太好。但父親說，就是這個了吧，要不然就注冊不下來。于是就叫騰訊了?！?/p>

前面三個名字為什么注冊不下來？我回答不上來。我知道的是，從馬化騰讀書到創(chuàng)業(yè)，甚至公司取名這樣帶有標(biāo)志性意義的事，幾乎沒有一件是按最初的設(shè)想來進行的。

怎么辦？難道去死？

這時你需要明白：人生充滿了不確定，你只能努力，實在不用想太多。這碗雞湯也可以加點下面的佐料：你若成長，事事可成長。不是世界選擇了你，是你選擇了這個世界。

His body and dream grew madly to 1989 in which Ma Huateng and his little companions faced the Chinese Gaokao. The once popular slogans that “Gaokao determines your fate”, and “one examination determines your whole life” have really changed Ma Huateng’s fate. Ma Huateng, an outstanding student, has gotten 739 which was more than 100 higher than the key line. Because of all kinds of reasons, his first choice for further education was Shenzhen University.

After enrollment, Ma Huateng faced another important but helpless choice —— the university did not have the astronomy major. Finally, he chose the computer major in the college of electronic engineering. After graduation, he worked in China Motion Telecom and worked as the stationmaster of FidoNet Shenzhen Station. He created Tencent with Zhang Zhidong, Chen Yidan, Xu Chenye and Zeng Liqing.

As for the origin of the company name, Wu Xiaobo wrote in the book like this ——

They have thought up several names among which “Netcent” was the first choice, and“Quickcent”, “Flycent” and “Tencent”followed. Ma Huateng’s father came to register in the Industrial and Commercial Bureau, but the staff said that the first three names can not be registered,and the fourth one is okay. Ma Huateng told Wu Xiaobo, “I thought it was not appropriate to have my name in the brand name, but my father said that this one was fine, or we could not get registered. So here came Tencent. ”

Why the first three names could not be registered? I don’t know. But I know that from the school days to the entrepreneurial period, almost all things of Ma Huateng did not happen as conceived originally, even the symbolic company naming matter.

What should he do? Die?

Now, you need to know that: life is full of uncertainties. You have to work hard and don’t need to worry too much. The following seasonings can be added to this chicken soup: If you grow, everything will grow. The world doesn’t choose you, you choose the world.

這是一碗提醒的雞湯。這碗雞湯是用那個歲月的老火慢熬出來的，能幫你看穿人生的考驗。

的確，馬化騰在深圳大學(xué)并未因為沒讀到喜歡的天文專業(yè)而偷懶甚至放棄。他很快成為計算機專業(yè)里的佼佼者，甚至練就了一手編寫電腦病毒的功夫。取了一個帶有個人色彩的公司名字，也沒有在商海的殘酷折磨下，放棄理想和浪漫，而是冒著公司垮掉的風(fēng)險，將1999年2月10日上線運行的OICQ“養(yǎng)起來”。

讓馬化騰沒想到的是，OICQ的用戶數(shù)很快飛漲。小馬哥和他的小伙伴們能找的錢找了，能借的錢也借了，還是填不滿這個胃口巨大的小家伙。9個多月后，馬化騰無奈地決定賣掉公司。

This is a bowl of warning soup which is stewed by the fire of time and could help you to look through the tests in life.

Surely, Ma Huateng did not laze and give up for not studying in the astronomy major in Shenzhen University. He became the best student in the computer major soon and even got an excellent skill of writing computer virus. With the personal brand name, he still did not give up his dream and romance even facing the severe sufferings in the business world. He risked the company to “raise” the OICQ that ran online on February 10th, 1999.

What was unpredictable to Ma Huateng is that the users of OICQ increased extremely sharp.Little Ma and his companions have collected money through different ways, but they still could not satisfy the immense appetite of this small thing.About 9 months later, Mu Huateng decided to sell the company unwillingly.

馬化騰對當(dāng)時的公司標(biāo)價300萬元。根據(jù)騰訊今年一季度的財報，這個價格，不到如今騰訊半個小時的利潤。于是，很多公司錯過了成為騰訊股東、戰(zhàn)略投資人甚至主人的機會。有的說，借你的錢要實在還不起就算了，我不要你的股份。有的人說，你要賣給我可以，但只能以電腦的硬件價值還有辦公桌等實物來折算價格。有的干脆說，你在開玩笑嗎？

好不容易找到個愿意出錢的，說最高只能出60萬。

2000年初，美國國際數(shù)據(jù)集團IDG和李澤楷的香港盈科抱著試一試的心態(tài)向騰訊投資了200萬美元。投資協(xié)議簽訂后不久，席卷全球的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)股災(zāi)降臨。IDG和香港盈科的200萬美元很快又不夠用了，他們只得再次尋找投資。新浪、搜狐、雅虎中國、金蝶、聯(lián)想……香港盈科甚至把王晶給拉了過來。是的，就是那個經(jīng)常在電影里一臉壞笑的王胖子?？蓻]有一家愿意給一個看不到盈利模式的項目投錢，盡管騰訊的QQ用戶數(shù)即將突破一個億。

At that time, Ma Huateng marked the price of his company as 3 million yuan. According to the firstquarter financial statements of Tencent in 2017, this price is less than the profit it gets in half an hour.Thus, many companies have missed the chance to become the shareholders, strategic investors and even owners of Tencent. Someone said, “It’s fine that you could not return the money I borrowed to you,but I would not take your shares.” Someone said, “It’s fine if you really want to sell your company to me, but the price must be converted through entities, such as the computer hardware and the desks.” Someone even said, “ Are you kidding me?”

Finally, there was someone who agreed to buy the company, but the price he could offer was 0.6 million.

At the beginning of 2000, International Data Group (IDG) and ACAL Electronics which is owned by Li Zekai took a shot and invested 2 million dollars to Tencent. Soon after the signing of investment agreement, the internet stock market crash swept across the world. The 2 million dollars from IDG and ACAL Electronics was not enough, so Tencent had to search for other investments. Sina, Sohoo,Yahoo China, Kingdee, Lenovo......ACAL Electronics even attracted Wang Jing. Yes! Wang Jing, the fatty man who always wears a cheeky grin on his face in the movies. However, no one agreed to invest the project which seemingly could not bring any profit,although the users of QQ were going to exceed 100 million.

上帝給你關(guān)上一扇門的時候，往往還會打開一扇窗。就在馬化騰踏破鐵鞋時，南非的MIH主動上門，對騰訊估價6000萬美元并以2000多萬美元收購了香港盈科的全部和IDG的大部分騰訊股份。這是“山重水復(fù)疑無路，柳暗花明又一村”的最生動詮釋。

時間到了2004年6月11日，騰訊又一次決定賣了自己——企鵝要上市了。

讓人吃驚的是，騰訊在香港上市當(dāng)天股價就跌破發(fā)行價，換手率高達104%。也就是說，大多數(shù)購買騰訊股票的股民當(dāng)時并不看好騰訊，第一個交易日就選擇了拋售。

現(xiàn)在，騰訊控股（00700.HK）的股價已經(jīng)在每股270多港元，公司市值超過3000億美元。

When the God closes the door, he will open a window for you. When Ma Huateng was busy at finding investors, South Africa MIH Group showed up and valued Tencent 60 million dollars.It purchased all the Tencent shares held by ACAL Electronics and most of the Tencent shares held by IDG for more than 20 million dollars. It is the vividest explanation of the poem that “where hills bend,streams wind, and the pathway seems to end. Past the dark willows and blooming flowers lies another village.”

The time goes to June 11th, 2004. Tencent decided to sell itself again —— the penguin was going to be listed on the stock market.

What startled people is that the share price of Tencent has dropped to the issue price when Tencent was listed on the stock market in Hongkong, and the turnover rate has reached 104%. That is to say, most of the shareholders of Tencent did not see any further increase of Tencent and sold their shares at the first trading day.

Now, the share price of Tencent Holdings Ltd.(00700.HK) is more than 270 dollars per share, and its market value has exceeded 300 billion dollars.

這樣說吧，世上最貴的藥是后悔藥，最大的失敗是放棄，最大的敵人是自己，最大的對手是時間。

這是一碗自我安慰的雞湯。畢竟，在紛繁復(fù)雜的社會里面對選擇，不是所有人都能看準(zhǔn)機會并抓住的。面對后悔，我們所能做的最好選擇是把握當(dāng)下。

在書里，這樣的故事還有很多，由此帶來的各種口味的雞湯也不少。要我說，我更愿意喝那碗奮斗的雞湯。當(dāng)然，吳曉波不是來給大家灌雞湯的。本書還有一個副標(biāo)題，叫“中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司進化論”。通過他對中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的回顧和與美國公司的對比，一個普通讀者大致能夠建立起一個中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的成長簡圖。

而對一個創(chuàng)業(yè)者來說，書中羅列的馬化騰從一個沉默的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)模仿者、追趕者、掠奪者，成長為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者、布道者之后的各種演講、內(nèi)部講話。比如馬八條，比如灰度法則的七個緯度等等“雞湯”，應(yīng)該更有味道吧。

To be short, the most expensive pill in the world is the pill for regret. The greatest failure is giving up. The biggest enemy is yourself. The strongest opponent is time.

It is a bowl of chicken soup for self-comforting.After all, not all the people can see the opportunity and catch it when facing choices in the complicated society. When facing regret, the best choice for us is to take control of the present.

There are many similar stories in the book, so the tastings of chicken soups are rich. For me, I’d like to take the soup of striving. Certainly, Wu Xiaobo does not aim to offer chicken soup to you.This book has a subhead, that is “The Evolution of Chinese Internet Companies”. Through the review of Chinese internet companies and the comparison between Chinese internet companies and American companies, a common reader can roughly establish a development diagram of Chinese internet companies.

For a entrepreneur, the listed all kinds of speeches and internal talks made by Ma Huateng in his growing from a silent internet imitator, follower,pillager to a leader and preacher, such as the Eight Rules of Ma and the Seven Latitudes of Grey Law,will be more tasting.

Sir, Give Me a Bowl of Penguin Soup

Article | Tian Dong