俞雅麗,任 東,金建華,龐 虹*
(1. 生物多樣性演化與保護(hù)廣東普通高校重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,中山大學(xué)生物博物館,中山大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,廣州 510275;2. 首都師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,北京 100048)
吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石研究概述
俞雅麗1,2,任 東2,金建華1,龐 虹1*
(1. 生物多樣性演化與保護(hù)廣東普通高校重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,中山大學(xué)生物博物館,中山大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,廣州 510275;2. 首都師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,北京 100048)
吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)是鞘翅目中化石記錄相當(dāng)豐富的類(lèi)群之一。本文回顧了世界吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石的研究進(jìn)展,整理了已發(fā)表的化石物種名錄、地層分布及地質(zhì)年代,并簡(jiǎn)要推測(cè)了其與植物的協(xié)同演化關(guān)系,提出了現(xiàn)今有待解決的問(wèn)題以及對(duì)未來(lái)研究的展望。
吉丁科;化石;昆蟲(chóng);系統(tǒng)分類(lèi);研究進(jìn)展
吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)為小至大型的世界性分布甲蟲(chóng),體長(zhǎng)1.5-100 mm(通常為5-40 mm);體色多樣,常為雙色,具金屬光澤,俗稱(chēng)寶石蟲(chóng)(jewel beetles)。吉丁幼蟲(chóng)大多蛀食植物木質(zhì)部,也有部分種類(lèi)蛀食莖或根,或潛食于樹(shù)葉中;成蟲(chóng)喜光,絕大多數(shù)取食葉片或花粉和花蜜(Bellamy & Volkovitsh, 2001;Bellamy, 2002)。近些年,吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)的分類(lèi)受到了很大的關(guān)注,但是在不同學(xué)者中觀點(diǎn)差別較大(Bruesetal., 1954;Bíl, 1974;Cobos, 1980;Holynski, 1993;Kolibcˇ, 2001;Bellamy, 2002)。Bellamy(2008,2009)認(rèn)為Schizopodidae是獨(dú)立的一個(gè)科,進(jìn)而將吉丁科劃分為6個(gè)現(xiàn)生亞科:窄吉丁亞科Agrilinae、吉丁亞科Buprestinae、Chrysochroinae、凹緣吉丁亞科Galbellinae、土吉丁亞科Julodinae、筒吉丁亞科Polycestinae以及一個(gè)滅絕亞科——似盾吉丁亞科Parathyreinae,這也是目前接受度相對(duì)較高的分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)。
吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)在中生代時(shí)期完成了早期分化,并一直生活至今。但由于吉丁科化石研究相當(dāng)零散并且大多局限于基本的分類(lèi)鑒定,致使對(duì)其早期的起源與演化過(guò)程、繁殖方式、生態(tài)習(xí)性等諸多方面知之甚少。因此研究吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石不僅對(duì)闡明該類(lèi)群的化石鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系、多樣性分布規(guī)律以及其與植物的協(xié)同進(jìn)化關(guān)系等具有重要的意義,而且對(duì)于探究不同地質(zhì)時(shí)期古地理、古氣候、地球演變、生物進(jìn)化等具有重要的價(jià)值。本文擬就吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石的研究現(xiàn)狀和存在問(wèn)題加以綜述。
1.1 世界吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石的研究歷史
從晚三疊世到中新世,全世界吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石大約記錄了47個(gè)屬92個(gè)種(Bellamy, 2014;Kirejtshuk & Ponomarenko, 2017)(表1)。雖然吉丁科的化石記錄相對(duì)豐富,但是專(zhuān)注于研究吉丁科化石的學(xué)者寥寥無(wú)幾。世界吉丁科化石研究起步較晚,直到19世紀(jì)初才有報(bào)道。Serres(1829)報(bào)道了法國(guó)早漸新世地層中發(fā)現(xiàn)的Buprestissp.,從而揭開(kāi)了吉丁科化石研究的帷幕。
19世紀(jì)中葉至20世紀(jì)初期,吉丁科化石的研究報(bào)道越來(lái)越多,許多吉丁化石被發(fā)現(xiàn)并命名。Tillyard & Dunstan(1923)描述了澳大利亞晚三疊世地層中的吉丁化石1新屬3新種,為世界上最古老的吉丁蟲(chóng)科化石記錄。此外Cockerell,Giebel,Handlirsch,Heer,Scudder,Wickham等一批學(xué)者均對(duì)吉丁化石進(jìn)行過(guò)研究,可謂吉丁化石研究的一個(gè)小高潮。但是研究所涉及的化石產(chǎn)地大多在歐洲和美國(guó),并且由于當(dāng)時(shí)認(rèn)知的局限性導(dǎo)致許多被命名的化石在之后的研究中多有修訂;有些化石甚至連基本的形態(tài)描述也缺乏,這給之后的系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)學(xué)研究造成了很大的不便和困惑。
20世紀(jì)中葉至今,涉及吉丁科化石的研究工作并不廣泛。尤其是20世紀(jì)中葉,研究吉丁化石的學(xué)者屈指可數(shù)。在近代,吉丁化石研究的代表人物是Alexeev(1995,1996,2000,2008,2009)。他描述了大量的新種,但是他建立的滅絕亞科——似盾吉丁亞科缺乏系統(tǒng)發(fā)育學(xué)的檢測(cè),仍需要漫長(zhǎng)的驗(yàn)證和修正工作。
表1 世界吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石名錄
續(xù)上表
亞科Subfamily種名Species產(chǎn)地Locality地質(zhì)年代GeologicalageBuprestitesxylographicaGiebel,1852GermanyLateOligoceneCretothyreaoptandaAlexeev,1996RussiaEarlyCretaceousEolamprabrachyelytraZhang,1989ChinaMioceneEolampragorgiaZhang,Sun&Zhang,1994ChinaMioceneEolampraspecialisZhang,1989ChinaMioceneFuessliniaamoenaHeer,1847GermanyLateMioceneGlaphyropterainsignisHandlirsch,1908SwitzerlandJurassicJurabuprestiskaratauensisAlexeev,2000KazakhstanLateJurassicKzylordyniaobscuraAlexeev,1995KazakhstanMid?CretaceousLomatushislopiMurray,1860IndiaTertiaryIllolampraampullaZhang,Sun&Zhang,1994ChinaMioceneIllolampraphlegmaZhang,Sun&Zhang,1994ChinaMioceneMacrotonustuanwangensisHong&Wang,1990ChinaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumarkharenseAlexeev,1996RussiaPaleoceneMetabuprestiumbayssenseAlexeev,1995RussiaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumbontsaganenseAlexeev,1995MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumcretaceumAlexeev,1995MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumcuneomaculatumAlexeev,1996RussiaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumdundulenseAlexeev,1995MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumfurcatorugosumAlexeev,1996RussiaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumgranulipenneAlexeev,1995MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumichbogdenseAlexeev,2009MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumlatipenneAlexeev,1996RussiaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumminutumAlexeev,1995MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumnobileAlexeev,1995MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumovaleAlexeev,1995KazakhstanEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumoyunchaienseAlexeev,2000RussiaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumshartologoienseAlexeev,1995MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumsibericumAlexeev,2009RussiaEarlyCretaceousMetabuprestiumustkivdenseAlexeev,2008RussiaPaleoceneMetabuprestiumvitimenseAlexeev,1996RussiaEarlyCretaceousMicranthaxiaredivivaHeer,1865GermanyTertiaryPhilanthaxoidesgallicusBíl&Kirejtschuk,2007FranceEocenePoecilonotanitelaZhang,1989ChinaMioceneProtogeniaescheriHeer,1847GermanyLateMiocenePseudothyreaoppenheimiHandlirsch,1908GermanyLateJurassicTrapezitergumgrandeYuetal,2013ChinaEarlyCretaceousJulodinaeMicrojulodisauratusHaupt,1950GermanyEoceneParathyrein?aeAcmaeoderimorphaemersaAlexeev,1996RussiaEarlyCretaceous
續(xù)上表
亞科Subfamily種名Species產(chǎn)地Locality地質(zhì)年代GeologicalageAcmaeoderimorphaignotaAlexeev,1993KazakhstanLateJurassicAncestrimorphavolgensisAlexeev,1993RussiaMiddleJurassicCretocrassisomaindistinctumAlexeev,2000MongoliaEarlyCretaceousCretoelegantellaponomarenkoiAlexeev,2000MongoliaEarlyCretaceousDicercopteralongipennisAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousKaratausiamaculateAlexeev,1993KazakhstanLateJurassicMongoligenacurtaAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMongoligenapopoviAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMongoligenavulgateAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMongolobuprestisgratiosusAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousPaleasmaculipennisAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousParamongoligenatransversicollisAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousParathyreajurassicaAlexeev,1993KazakhstanLateJurassicPseudochrysobothrisballaeAlexeev,1993SpainEarlyCretaceousPseudomongoligenaschinkhudukenseAlexeev,2000MongoliaEarlyCretaceousStigmoderimorpharasnitsyniAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousUmeratamirabilisAlexeev,1993MongoliaEarlyCretaceousPolycestinaeMongoligenulaaltilabdominisYuetal,2015ChinaEarlyCretaceousMongoligenulagracilisYuetal,2015ChinaEarlyCretaceousIncertaesedisAcmaeoderaspScudder,1895GermanyLateMioceneAgrilusspBerendt,1845BalticEarlyOligoceneAgrilusspScudder,1895GermanyLateOligoceneAgrilusspWestwood,1854GreatBritainLateOligoceneArchelatermajorPongrácz,1935GermanyEoceneBuprestisspGoldfuss,1831GermanyLateOligoceneBuprestisspRobert,1838BalticEarlyOligoceneBuprestisspScudder,1895GermanyLateMioceneBuprestisspSerres,1829FranceEarlyOligoceneCapnodisspScudder,1895GermanyLateOligoceneLobitesgranulateTillyard&Dunstan,1923AustraliaLateTriassicLobitestrivittataTillyard&Dunstan,1923AustraliaLateTriassicLobitestuberculataTillyard&Dunstan,1923AustraliaLateTriassicMesohelophorusmongolicusPonomarenko,1986MongoliaEarlyCretaceousMesostigmoderatypicaEtheridge&Olliff,1890AustraliaTriassicMesostigmoderafrenguelliGallego&Martins?Neto,1999ArgentinaTriassicPerotisspScudder,1895GermanyLateMiocene
注:表中分類(lèi)位置大多以原作者發(fā)表文章時(shí)所確定的分類(lèi)位置為準(zhǔn)。表2同。Note: The systematic positions of fossil buprestids in the table are mainly based on the description in original papers. Same to Table 2.
1.2 中國(guó)吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石的研究歷史
我國(guó)吉丁科化石最早開(kāi)始于張俊峰先生1989年對(duì)山東省山旺中新世的化石研究,建立了吉丁科化石3新屬3新種:AgriluscorrugatusZhang, 1989,EolamprabrachyelytraZhang, 1989,PoecilonotanitelaZhang, 1989(張俊峰,1989)。之后,洪友崇先生(1990)、張俊峰先生(1994)、Pan(2011)、Yu(2013,2015)等先后對(duì)中國(guó)境內(nèi)的吉丁化石進(jìn)行過(guò)研究,共發(fā)表吉丁科化石 7屬11種(張俊峰,1989,1994;洪友崇和王文利,1990;Panetal.,2011;Yuetal.,2013,2015)(表2)。其中Pan等(2012)報(bào)道了采自中侏羅世九龍山組的中國(guó)最早的吉丁科化石1新屬3新種(圖1),但隨后Cai等(2015)基于化石上大的三角形徑室將SinoparathyreaPanetal.,2011歸為與吉丁科密切相關(guān)但更為原始的Schizopodidae科。
2.1 世界吉丁科化石的地理分布
吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石相對(duì)豐富,以下按地質(zhì)時(shí)期先后順序?qū)κ澜缂】评ハx(chóng)化石的地理分布作簡(jiǎn)要介紹(圖 2)。
中生代(Mesozoic)
中生代吉丁科化石記錄包括大約28個(gè)屬51個(gè)種(Etheridge & Olliff, 1890;Handlirsch, 1908;Tillyard & Dunstan, 1923;Ponomarenko, 1986;洪友崇和王文利,1990;Alexeev, 1993,1995,1996;Gallego & Martins-Neto, 1999;Alexeev, 2000;Bellamy, 2005;Alexeev, 2008,2009;Fikcˇeketal., 2012;Yuetal., 2013,2015)。其化石產(chǎn)地主要分布在中國(guó)、蒙古、哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯雅庫(kù)特地區(qū)、澳大利亞等地。
三疊紀(jì)(Triassic):早三疊世時(shí)期,昆蟲(chóng)化石記錄很少,但是到了晚三疊世,大約有20個(gè)科250個(gè)種出現(xiàn)(岳艷麗,2011)。迄今最古老的吉丁化石采自晚三疊世地層(Etheridge & Olliff, 1890;Tillyard & Dunstan, 1923;Gallego & Martins-Neto, 1999;Bellamy, 2005),距今約有2.25-2.3億年。但這些描述僅僅是基于分離的鞘翅,不具備該科的任何鑒定特征,因此對(duì)其分類(lèi)位置是存疑的。
圖1 Sinoparathyrea Pan, Chang & Ren, 2011的模式種照片(引自Pan et al., 2011)Fig. 1 Type species of Sinoparathyrea Pan, Chang & Ren, 2011 (photographs updated from Pan et al., 2011)注:A,Sinoparathyrea bimaculata Pan, Chang & Ren, 2011,標(biāo)本號(hào)CNU-COL-NN2010408;B,鞘翅;C,頭;D,中胸和后胸。Note: A, Sinoparathyrea bimaculata Pan, Chang & Ren, 2011, No. CNU-COL-NN2010408; B, elytron; C, head; D, mesothorax and metathorax.
亞科Subfamily種名Species產(chǎn)地Locality地質(zhì)年代GeologicalageAgrilinaeAgriluscorrugatusZhang,1989ChinaMioceneBuprestinaeEolamprabrachyelytraZhang,1989ChinaMioceneEolampragorgiaZhang,Sun&Zhang,1994ChinaMioceneEolampraspecialisZhang,1989ChinaMioceneIllolampraampullaZhang,Sun&Zhang,1994ChinaMioceneIllolampraphlegmaZhang,Sun&Zhang,1994ChinaMioceneMacrotonustuanwangensisHong&Wang,1990ChinaEarlyCretaceousPoecilonotanitelaZhang,1989ChinaMioceneTrapezitergumgrandeYuetal,2013ChinaEarlyCretaceousPolycestinaeMongoligenulaaltilabdominisYuetal,2015ChinaEarlyCretaceousMongoligenulagracilisYuetal,2015ChinaEarlyCretaceous
圖2 吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)在各主要地質(zhì)歷史時(shí)期的世界地理分布(?Ronald Blakey, www.australianmuseum.net.au)Fig.2 The distribution of jewel beetles (Buprestidae) through deep geological time注:A,三疊紀(jì);B,侏羅紀(jì);C,白堊紀(jì);D,古近紀(jì)。Note: A, Triassic; B, Jurassic; C, Cretaceous; D, Paleogene.
侏羅紀(jì)(Jurassic):最早描述的侏羅紀(jì)吉丁為采自瑞士和德國(guó)晚侏羅世的Glaphyropterainsignis和Pseudothyreaoppenheimi(Handlirsch, 1908),歸為吉丁亞科。除此之外,其余采自侏羅紀(jì)時(shí)期的吉丁化石均歸為滅絕亞科——似盾吉丁亞科。
近些年,通過(guò)全面的分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)分析(Huntetal., 2007;Mckenna & Farrell, 2009),鞘翅目的主要支系分化時(shí)間已經(jīng)被估算,吉丁科的起源時(shí)間可追溯到174.9 Ma,即早侏羅世—中侏羅世的過(guò)渡時(shí)期。從中侏羅世開(kāi)始,吉丁化石記錄幾乎在每個(gè)時(shí)代都有發(fā)現(xiàn)。
白堊紀(jì)(Cretaceous):在這個(gè)時(shí)期吉丁科中出現(xiàn)了吉丁亞科和筒吉丁亞科兩個(gè)現(xiàn)生亞科,分布范圍也更加廣泛,中國(guó)、蒙古、哈薩克斯坦、俄羅斯雅庫(kù)特等地均有發(fā)現(xiàn)。
新生代(Cenozoic)
第三紀(jì)(Tertiary):已報(bào)道的吉丁化石年代半數(shù)為第三紀(jì),這一時(shí)期化石分布廣泛,尤其以歐洲吉丁化石數(shù)量居多。但是由于報(bào)道的第三紀(jì)化石大多為19至20世紀(jì)初期的學(xué)者所命名描述,存在信息不詳?shù)葐?wèn)題。
第四紀(jì)(Quaternary):至今未有該時(shí)期的吉丁化石被正式描述報(bào)道。
2.2 中國(guó)吉丁科化石的地理分布
吉丁科化石在中國(guó)的產(chǎn)地主要為內(nèi)蒙古東部、遼寧西部、山東等地;中生代吉丁科化石的研究多數(shù)集中在中侏羅世和早白堊世時(shí)期,新生代吉丁科化石的研究集中在中新世時(shí)期(潘曉雄,2012)。
這其中當(dāng)以中國(guó)東北地區(qū)的化石為代表,該地區(qū)中生代陸相生物地層十分發(fā)育,產(chǎn)出了豐富的甲蟲(chóng)化石(Jiaetal., 2011;Yueetal., 2011;Yanetal., 2012)。目前,中國(guó)已發(fā)現(xiàn)的吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石主要來(lái)自于道虎溝生物群(隸屬于燕遼生物群)和熱河生物群。道虎溝生物化石于21世紀(jì)初被報(bào)道,最初其地質(zhì)年代存在巨大爭(zhēng)議。汪筱林(2000),王原(2000)等認(rèn)為該化石層的時(shí)代為早白堊世,張俊峰(2002)等提出其屬于晚侏羅世,但多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為道虎溝化石層屬于中侏羅世(任東等,2002;陳文等,2004;柳永清等,2004;Huangetal., 2006;Sullivanetal., 2014),其地質(zhì)年齡約為165 Ma。熱河生物群中重要的特異埋藏化石產(chǎn)出層位為義縣組,其層位劃分與對(duì)比、剖面描述等方面研究較為深入與透徹,目前絕大多數(shù)學(xué)者在時(shí)代歸屬問(wèn)題上觀點(diǎn)一致,認(rèn)為該化石層屬于早白堊世(Swisheretal., 1999;Li and Batten, 2007;Zhuetal.,2007),絕對(duì)地質(zhì)年齡約為125 Ma。
昆蟲(chóng)與植物的相互關(guān)系包括昆蟲(chóng)取食植物、植物為昆蟲(chóng)提供棲息的環(huán)境、植物利用昆蟲(chóng)傳粉、散布種子以及植物對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)的防御、引誘等多個(gè)方面(欽俊德,1987),甲蟲(chóng)亦如此。
現(xiàn)生的吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)大多具明亮的彩虹色或深色的圖案或不規(guī)則的有色斑紋(Bellamy, 2002),是常見(jiàn)的訪(fǎng)花者。近年來(lái)報(bào)道的義縣組吉丁科新屬Trapezitergum(圖3)和Mongoligenula(圖 4)的鞘翅上均具有不規(guī)則的斑紋,加之所處地層含有豐富的植物化石(Sunetal., 1998;Sunetal., 2002;Jietal., 2004;Wangetal., 2012),推測(cè)早期吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)可能是早白堊世訪(fǎng)花甲蟲(chóng)中的一員,只是在當(dāng)時(shí)訪(fǎng)被子植物的花是相當(dāng)有限的。
圖3 Trapezitergum grande Yu et al., 2013(照片引自Yu et al., 2013,比例尺=5 mm)Fig.3 Trapezitergum grande Yu et al., 2013 (photograph updated from Yu et al., 2013, scale bars=5mm)
圖4 Mongoligenula altilabdominis Yu et al., 2015(照片引自Yu et al., 2015,比例尺=1 mm)Fig.4 Mongoligenula altilabdominis Yu et al., 2015 (Photograph updated from Yu et al., 2015, scale bars=1 mm)注:A-B,正模;C-D,副模。Note: A-B, holotype; C-D, paratype.
此外,Ding等(2014)在義縣組的闊葉松柏類(lèi)植物上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的植物損傷遺跡FossafoliaoffaeDing, Labandeira & Ren, ichnosp. 2014,該潛道形態(tài)與現(xiàn)生吉丁甲科潛葉者的潛道形態(tài)最接近,尤其是排泄物排列方式。因此推測(cè),吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)是F.offae最可能的制造者。此外,根據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛道寬度,Ding等(2014)認(rèn)為該潛葉者的成蟲(chóng)體寬應(yīng)該不大于2 mm,體長(zhǎng)不超過(guò)10 mm。義縣組發(fā)現(xiàn)的MongoligenulaaltilabdominisYuetal., 2015和M.gracilisYuetal., 2015蟲(chóng)體寬小于2 mm,長(zhǎng)為4-5 mm(Yuetal., 2015),很可能就是F.offae的制造者(Dingetal., 2014)。
4.1 吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石研究中存在的問(wèn)題
(1)分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)不穩(wěn)定。吉丁科雖然為鞘翅目中最大的科之一,全世界包括大約50個(gè)族,520個(gè)屬以及超過(guò)15000種(Bellamy, 2002, 2008, 2009)。但對(duì)于如此多樣和重要的類(lèi)群,卻沒(méi)有普遍接受的高級(jí)階元的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系研究,公認(rèn)的亞科數(shù)也從4個(gè)到15個(gè)不等(Cobos, 1980;Holynski, 1993)。由于一直沒(méi)有一個(gè)廣泛認(rèn)可的分類(lèi)系統(tǒng),不同學(xué)者提出的吉丁科分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)所包括的亞科、族不同,使得吉丁科的亞科級(jí)分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)比較混亂,爭(zhēng)議較大,給我們的分類(lèi)工作帶來(lái)了很大困難。
(2)現(xiàn)生分類(lèi)鑒定的方法難以完全應(yīng)用到化石分類(lèi)中?,F(xiàn)生吉丁科建立新屬時(shí),分類(lèi)學(xué)家通??紤]一些明顯且關(guān)鍵的特征,如后足基節(jié)片的形狀,中-后胸腹板的結(jié)構(gòu),跗節(jié)上爪墊的分布,觸角感受器的分布,小盾片的可見(jiàn)性,復(fù)眼的形狀,生殖器的形態(tài)等。然而,由于化石保存的不完整性,很難甚至不可能將同樣的特征用于對(duì)吉丁化石的鑒定,因?yàn)楹芏嗵卣髟诓煌暾臉?biāo)本中未保存或者不可見(jiàn)。
(3)鑒于化石保存的局限性和分類(lèi)學(xué)者的主觀性,增加了同物異名的幾率并導(dǎo)致分類(lèi)鑒定一定程度上的不準(zhǔn)確。吉丁科中的化石種大多是相對(duì)小或中等體型的甲蟲(chóng),歸為滅絕亞科Parathyreinae Alekseev(1993),鑒別特征為具有一條直的或弱彎曲的后胸腹板橫縫,但該特征從未經(jīng)過(guò)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育學(xué)的檢測(cè)。極少有侏羅紀(jì)和早白堊世的吉丁被歸為現(xiàn)生吉丁亞科,這些化石通常是基于身體的片段或者分離的鞘翅而被歸為Buprestidaeincertaesedis,如AndhkhdukiaAlexeev(2008)和MetabuprestiumAlexeev(1995, 1996, 2000, 2008)。
(4)早期國(guó)際交流合作較少,使得產(chǎn)生了許多異物同名的問(wèn)題。如:CrassisomaAlexeev 與CrassisomaAlessandrini是異物同名,后被重新命名為CretocrassisomaAlexeev, 2000 nom. nov。ElegantellaAlexeev與ElegantellaPchelintsev(腹足綱)是異物同名,后被重新命名為CretoelegantellaAlexeev, 2000 nom. nov。DicercomorphaAlexeev與DicercomorphaDeyrolle 是異物同名,后被重新命名為DicercopteraAlexeev, 1993 nom. nov。
(5)已報(bào)道的部分化石種類(lèi)描述較粗糙、照片不清晰、線(xiàn)條圖不準(zhǔn)確,使得后來(lái)學(xué)者很難進(jìn)行更加深入的研究,也增加了修訂工作。吉丁科化石多次存在屬的變更情況,舉例如下:ChrysobothrisballaeWhalley & Jarzembowski, 1985后被歸為PseudochrysobothrisAlexeev, 1993屬中。BuprestitesalutaceaGiebel, 1852被Germar(1837)歸為Buprestis屬,后被Giebel(1852)歸為Buprestites屬,被Handlirsch(1908)歸為Buprestites屬。BuprestitescarbonumGiebel, 1852被Germar(1837)歸為Buprestis屬,后被Heer(1847)歸為Dicerca屬,被Giebel(1852)歸為Buprestites屬。BuprestitesxylographicaGiebel, 1852被Germar(1849)歸為Buprestis屬,后被Giebel(1852)歸為Buprestites屬,被Giebel(1856)歸為Chrysobothris屬,被Handlirsch(1908)歸為Buprestites屬。
(6)客觀上各國(guó)地層發(fā)育程度不同,主觀上不同國(guó)家的研究投入也不同,致使化石分類(lèi)研究不均衡,這也是造成現(xiàn)生和古生吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)分布格局有著明顯差異的原因之一。研究現(xiàn)生甲蟲(chóng)的專(zhuān)家很多,但從事鞘翅目化石研究的學(xué)者卻相對(duì)較少,致使化石研究相當(dāng)零散。
(7)現(xiàn)有的吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石研究絕大多數(shù)局限于基本的分類(lèi)鑒定,有關(guān)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系、古生態(tài)、古地理、古氣候等方面的研究十分有限。
4.2 中國(guó)吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石研究展望
中國(guó)吉丁科化石豐富,但因研究起步較晚,基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱,在未來(lái)需要拓寬研究對(duì)象,深入研究方向,從而走出目前較為狹窄的局面。(1)目前仍有大量的化石種類(lèi)有待研究,需要在已有吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石材料基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)我國(guó)代表性地區(qū)尤其是中國(guó)東北地區(qū)(如遼寧凌源地區(qū)、朝陽(yáng)地區(qū)、北票地區(qū),內(nèi)蒙古寧城地區(qū)等)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的補(bǔ)充采集,盡可能豐富研究材料。并在修復(fù)整理的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行大量詳細(xì)的基礎(chǔ)分類(lèi)工作,厘清我國(guó)不同地層中吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)的種類(lèi)分布規(guī)律。(2)吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系存在爭(zhēng)議,因此明確化石類(lèi)群的系統(tǒng)位置、以及與現(xiàn)生類(lèi)群的系統(tǒng)關(guān)系將是一個(gè)亟待解決的問(wèn)題?;谪S富的化石材料,并結(jié)合現(xiàn)生標(biāo)本,依據(jù)形態(tài)學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)及分子學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行全證據(jù)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析,將有望構(gòu)建出理想的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù)。(3)吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)與植物的關(guān)系密切,在整理吉丁科化石的同時(shí)統(tǒng)計(jì)整理同時(shí)期其它伴生植物化石資料,探尋吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)與植物的協(xié)同演化關(guān)系,結(jié)合地質(zhì)學(xué)、古地理和古氣候等相關(guān)知識(shí),將有助于再現(xiàn)當(dāng)時(shí)的生態(tài)環(huán)境。
綜上所述,目前吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石的研究仍有大量發(fā)展的空間,鑒定描述了一些新屬種,豐富了這一類(lèi)群,但研究工作中還存在很多問(wèn)題。隨著今后新技術(shù)、新方法的不斷運(yùn)用,吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石的研究工作必定會(huì)穩(wěn)步向前推進(jìn)。
References)
Alexeev AV. Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from Eurasia [J].PaleontologicalJournal, 1993, 27 (1A): 9-34.
Alexeev AV. Novye formy zhukov-zlatok (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) iz mezozoiskikh otlozhenii Rossii, Kazakhstana I Mongolii [New forms of metallic wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from the Mesozoic of Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia] [J].PaleontologicheskiiZhurnal, 1995, 4: 75-85.
Alexeev AV. Novyye zlatki (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) i skhodnyye zhuki iz melovykh i nizhnepaleogenovykh otlozhenii Azii [New jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) and similar beetles from the Cretaceous and early Paleogene of Asia] [J].PaleonotologicheskiiZhurnal, 2008, 1: 55-61.
Alexeev AV. Novyye zhuki-zlatki (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) iz mela Rossii, Kazakhstana i Mongolii [New jewel beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from the Cretaceous of Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia] [J].PaleontologicheskiiZhurnal, 2009, 43 (3): 42-45.
Alexeev AV. On Mesozoic buprestids (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia [J].PaleontologicalJournal, 2000, 34 (Suppl. 3): S323-S326.
Alexeev AV. Zhuki-zlatki (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) iz mezozoiskikh i kainozoiskikh otlozhenii SNG [Buprestids (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from Mesozoic and Cenozoic deposits of CIS] [J].PaleontologicheskiiZhurnal, 1996, 4: 61-67.
Bellamy CL. A World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea), Volumes 1-4 [M]. Moscow: Pensoft Series Faunistica, Pensoft Publishers, 2008.
Bellamy CL. A World Catalogue and Bibliography of the Jewel Beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestoidea), Volume 5 [M]. Moscow: Pensoft Series Faunistica, Pensoft Publishers, 2009.
Bellamy CL. Buprestidae Leach 1815. In: Arnett RH, Thomas MC, Skelley PE,etal., eds. American Beetles. Vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea [C]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2002: 98-112.
Bellamy CL. Nomenclatural notes and corrections in Buprestidae (Coleoptera) [J].ThePan-PacificEntomologist, 2005, 81 (3/4): 145-158.
Bellamy CL. The world of jewel beetles [EB/OL]. [2014]. http://www.coleopsoc.org/buprestidae/index.html
Bellamy CL, Volkovitsh MG. Buprestidae Leach, 1815. In: Leschen RAB, Beutel RG, Lawrence JF, eds. Handbook of Zoology, Coleoptera Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Buprestidae, Buprestidea, Elateriformia partim) [C]. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2001: 461-468.
Berendt GC. Die im Bernstein Befindlichen Organischen Resten der Vorwelt, 2 volumes [M]. Berlin:Commission der Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, 1845-1856.
Brues CT, Melander AL, Carpenter FM. Classification of Insects: Keys to the Living and Extinct Families of Insects, and to the Living Families of other Terrestrial Arthropods [M]. Cambridge: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1954.
Cai CY, S' lipiński A, Huang DY. First false jewel beetle (Coleoptera: Schizopodidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of China [J].CretacousResearch, 2015, 52B: 490-494.
Chen W, Ji Q, Liu DY,etal. Isotope geochronology of the fossil-bearing beds in the Daohugou area, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia [J].GeologicalBulletinofChina, 2004, 23 (12), 1165-1169. [陳文, 季強(qiáng), 劉敦一, 等. 內(nèi)蒙古寧城地區(qū)道虎溝化石層同位素年代學(xué)[J]. 地質(zhì)通報(bào), 2004, 23 (12), 1165-1169]
Cobos A. Ensayo sobre los géneros de la subfamilia Polycestinae (Coleoptera,Buprestidae). Parte I [J].RevistaEspaoladeEntomología, 1980, 54: 15-94.
Ding QL, Labandeira CC, Ren D. Biology of a leaf miner (Coleoptera) onLiaoningocladusboii(Coniferales) from the Early Cretaceous of northeastern China and the leaf-mining biology of possible insect culprit clades [J].ArthropodSystematics&Phylogeny, 2014, 72: 281-308.
Etheridge RJ, Olliff AS. The Mesozoic and Tertiary insects of New South Wales [J].MemoirsoftheGeologicalSurveyofNewSouthWales,Palaeontology, 1890, 7: 1-12.
Gallego OF, Martins-Neto RG. La entomofauna mesozoica de la Argentina: Estado actual del conocimiento [J].RevistadelaSociedadEntomológicaArgentina, 1999, 58: 86-94.
Germar EF. Fauna Insectorum Europae [M]. Halae, Kümmel, Hefte, 1837.
Giebel CGA. Deutschlands Petrefacten. Ein systematisches Verzeichniss aller in Deutschland und den angrenzenden L?ndern vorkommenden Petrefacten, nebst Angabe der Synonymen und Fundorte [M]. Leipzig: A. Abel, 1852.
Giebel CGA. Fauna der Vorwelt, Bd. II. Die Insekten and Spinnen der Vorwelt. F. U. Brodhaus [M]. Leipzig. xviii, 1856.
Goldfuss GA. Nova acta physico-medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturaae Curisorum [J]. 1831, 7 (1): 118.
Handlirsch A. Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen, Ein Handbuch für Pal?ontologen und Zoologen [M]. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 19061908.
Haupt H. Die K?fer (Coleoptera) aus der eoz?nen Braunkohle des Geiseltales [J].Geologica, 1950, 6: 1-168.
Heer O. Beitrage zur Insectenfauna Oehnigens. Coleoptera-Geodephagen, Hydrocanthariden, Gyriniden, Brachylytren, Clavicornen, Lamellicornen und Buprestiden [J].NatuurkundigeverhandelingenvandeHollandschemaatschappijderwetschappenteHaarlem, 1862, 2 (16): 1-90.
Heer O. Die Insektenfauna der Terti?rgebilde von Oeningen und Rodoboj in Croatien [M]. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1847.
Heer O. Ueber fossile Insekten der Rh?n [M]. Würzburger Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift, 1860, 1: 79.
Holynski R. A reassessment of the internal classification of the Buprestidae Leach (Coleoptera) [J].CrystalSeriesZoologica, 1993, 1: 1-42.
Hong YC, Wang WL. Insect fossils of Laiyang Formation. In: The Regional Geological Surveying Team, Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, ed. The Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province [C]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1990. [洪友崇, 王文利. 萊陽(yáng)組昆蟲(chóng)化石. 見(jiàn): 山東省地質(zhì)礦產(chǎn)局區(qū)調(diào)隊(duì), 山東萊陽(yáng)盆地地層古生物[C]. 北京: 地質(zhì)出版社, 1990]
Huang DY, Nel A, Shen YB,etal. Discussions on the age of the Daohugou fauna—evidence from invertebrates [J].ProgressinNaturalScience, 2006, 16 (Suppl.1): 309-312.
Hunt T, Bergsten J, Levkanicova Z,etal. A comprehensive phylogeny of beetles reveals the evolutionary origins of a superradiation [J].Science, 2007, 318 (5858): 1913-1916.
Ji Q, Chen W, Wang WL,etal. Mesozoic Jehol Biota of Western Liaoning, China [M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2004.
Jia T, Liang HB, Chang HL,etal. A new genus and species of fossil Eodromeinae from the Yixian Formation of Western Liaoning, China (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Trachypachidae) [J].Zootaxa, 2011, 2736 (1): 63-68.
Kirejtshuk AG, Ponomarenko AG. Taxonomical list of fossil beetles of the suborder Scarabaeina [EB/OL]. [2017]. http://www.zin.ru/animalia/Coleoptera/rus/paleosy2.htm.
Li J, Batten DJ. Palynological evidence of an Early Cretaceous age for the Yixian Formation at Sihetun, western Liaoning, China [J].CretaceousResearch, 2007, 28 (2): 333-338.
Liu YQ, Liu YX, Li PX,etal. Daohugou biota-bearing lithostratigraphic succession on the southeastern margin of the Ningcheng Basin, Inner Mongolia, and its geochronology [J].GeologicalBulletinofChina, 2004, 23 (12): 1180-1187. [柳永清, 劉燕學(xué), 李佩賢, 等. 內(nèi)蒙古寧城盆地東南緣含道虎溝生物群巖石地層序列特征及時(shí)代歸屬[J]. 地質(zhì)通報(bào), 2004, 23 (12): 1180-1187]
McKenna DD, Farrell B. Beetles (Coleoptera). In: Hedges SB, Kumar S, eds. The Time Tree of Life [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Murray A. Notes on some fossil insects from Nαgpur [J].QuarterlyJournaloftheGeologicalSocietyofLondon, 1860, 16: 182-185.
Pan XX. Buprestidae (Coleoptera) from the Late Mesozoic in Northeast China [D]. Beijing: Capital Normal University, 2012. [潘曉雄. 中國(guó)東北中生代晚期吉丁科化石研究(昆蟲(chóng)綱:鞘翅目)[D]. 北京: 首都師范大學(xué), 2012]
Pan XX, Chang HL, Ren D,etal. The first fossil buprestids from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of China (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) [J].Zootaxa, 2011, 2745 (5): 53-62.
Pongrαcz A. Die eoz?ne Insektenfauna des Geiseltales [J].NovaActaLeopoldina, 1935, 2(3/4): 485-572.
Ponomarenko AG. Insects of the Early Cretaceous ecosystems of the West Mongolia. Descriptions of fossil Scarabaeida (=Coleoptera) [J].SovmestnayaSovetsko-MongolskayaPaleontologichekayaEkspeditsia, 1986, 28: 84-101.
Qin JD. Insect-plant Associations [M]. Beijing: Science Publishing House, 1987. [欽俊德. 昆蟲(chóng)與植物的關(guān)系[M]. 北京: 科學(xué)出版社, 1987]
Ren D, Gao KQ, Guo ZG,etal. Stratigraphic division of the Jurassic in the Daohugou area, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia [J].GeologicalBulletinofChina, 2002, 21: 584-591. [任東, 高克勤, 郭子光, 等. 內(nèi)蒙古寧城道虎溝地區(qū)侏羅紀(jì)地層劃分及時(shí)代探討[J]. 地質(zhì)通報(bào), 2002, 21: 584-591.]
Robert E. Lettre sure les observations faites en Danemarck, en Norvège, et en Suède et dans laquelle il parle du succin, etc [J].BulletindelaSociétéGeologiquedeFrance, 1838, 9: 114-118.
Scudder SH. Adephagous and Clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary Deposits at Florissant, Colorado with Descriptions of a few other Forms and a Systematic List of the Non-rhyncophorus Tertiary Coleoptera of North America [M]. US Government Printing Office, 1900.
Scudder SH. The Miocene insect-fauna of Oeningen, Baden [J].GeologicalMagazine(decade 4) 1895, 2: 116-122.
Serres PMT. Géognosie des Terrains Tertiaires, ou Tableau des Principaux Animaux Invertébrés des Terrains Marins Tertiaires du midi de la France [M]. Montpellier & Paris: Chez Pomathio-Durville, 1829.
Sullivan C, Wang Y, Hone DW,etal. The vertebrates of the Jurassic Daohugou Biota of northeastern China [J].JournalofVertebratePaleontology, 2014, 34: 243-280.
Sun G, Dilcher DL, Zheng SL,etal. In search of the first flower: A Jurassic angiosperm,Archaefructus, from Northeast China [J].Science, 1998, 282: 1692.
Sun G, Ji Q, Dilcher DL,etal. Archaefructaceae, a new basal angiosperm family [J].Science, 2002, 296 (5569): 899-904.
Swisher CC, Wang YQ, Wang XL,etal. Cretaceous age for the feathered dinosaurs of Liaoning, China [J].Nature, 1999, 400 (6739): 58-61.
Tillyard RJ, Dunstan B. Introduction and Coleoptera. In: Tillyard RJ, ed. Mesozoic Insects of Queensland [C]. Brisbane: Queensland Geological Survey Press, 1923.
Wang XL, Zhou ZH, He HY,etal. Stratigraphy and age of the Daohugou bed in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia [J].ScienceBulletin, 2005, 50 (20): 2369-2376. [汪筱林, 周忠和, 賀懷宇, 等. 內(nèi)蒙古寧城道虎溝化石層的地層關(guān)系與時(shí)代討論[J]. 科學(xué)通報(bào), 2005, 50 (20): 2369-2376]
Wang Y. A new salamander (Amphibia, Caudata) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota [J].VertebrataPalasiatica, 2000, 38 (2): 100-103. [王原. 早白堊世熱河生物群一新的有尾兩棲類(lèi)[J]. 古脊椎動(dòng)物學(xué)報(bào), 2000, 38 (2): 100-103]
Wang YJ, Labandeira CC, Shih CK,etal. Jurassic mimicry between a hangingfly and a ginkgo from China [J].ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences, 2012, 109 (50): 20514-20519.
Westwood JO. Contributions to fossil entomology [J].QuarterlyJournaloftheGeologicalSocietyofLondon, 1854, 10 (1-2): 378-396.
Whalley P, Jarzembowski EA. Fossil insects from the lithographic limestone of Montsech (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous), Lérida Province, Spain [J].BulletinoftheBritishMuseum(NaturalHistory),Geology, 1985, 38 (5): 381-412.
Wickham HF. New species of fossil beetles from Florissant, Colorado [J].ProceedingsoftheUnitedStatesNationalMuseum, 1917, 52 (2189): 463-472.
Yan Z, Bai M, Ren D. A new genus and species of fossil Hybosoridae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China [J].Alcheringa, 2012, 37 (2): 139-145.
Yue YL, Ren D, Solodovnikov A. The oldest fossil species of the rove beetle subfamily Oxyporinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Early Cretaceous (Yixian Formation, China) and its phylogenetic significance [J].JournalofSystematicPalaeontology, 2011, 9 (4): 467-471.
Yu YL, S' lipiński SA, Pang H,etal. A new genus and two new species of Buprestidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Yixian Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Liaoning, China [J].CretaceousResearch, 2015, 52B: 480-489.
Yu YL,S' lipiński A, Shih CK,etal. A new fossil jewel beetle (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China [J].Zootaxa, 2013, 3637 (3): 355-360.
Yue YL. Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) from the Late Mesozoic in Northeast China [D]. Beijing: Capital Normal University, 2011. [岳艷麗. 中國(guó)東北中生代晚期隱翅蟲(chóng)科化石研究(昆蟲(chóng)綱:鞘翅目)[D]. 首都師范大學(xué), 2011.]
Zhang JF. Discovery of Daohugou Biota (pre-Jehol Biota) with a discussion on its geological age [J].JournalofStratigraphy, 2002, 26 (3): 173-177. [張俊峰. 道虎溝生物群(前熱河生物群)的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其地質(zhì)時(shí)代[J]. 地層學(xué)雜志, 2002, 26 (3): 173-177]
Zhang JF. Fossil insects from Shanwang, Shandong, China [M]. Jinan: Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House, 1989. [張俊峰. 山旺昆蟲(chóng)化石[M]. 濟(jì)南: 山東科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 1989]
Zhang JF, Sun B, Zhang XY. Miocene Insects and Spiders from Shanwang, Shandong [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994. [張俊峰, 孫博, 張希雨. 山東山旺中新世昆蟲(chóng)與蜘蛛[M]. 北京: 科學(xué)出版社, 1994]
Zhu RX, Pan YX, Shi RP,etal. Palaeomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar dating constraints on the age of the Jehol Biota and the duration of deposition of the Sihetun fossil-bearing lake sediments, northeast China [J].CretaceousResearch, 2007, 28 (2): 171-176.
A brief review of fossil Buprestidae (Coleoptera)
YU Ya-Li1, 2, REN Dong2, JIN Jian-Hua1, PANG Hong1*
(1. Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Museum of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; 2. Capital Normal University, School of Life Sciences, Beijing 100048, China)
The family Buprestidae is a large beetle group with an extensive fossil record among all Coleoptera. The research progress of fossil Buprestidae is reviewed herein. The distribution and geological age of all known fossil Buprestidae are given and summarized, and the coevolution between buprestids and plants are speculated. Furthermore, we suggest that the current obstacles need to be tackled, and propose outlooks for future research.
Buprestidae; fossil; insect; taxonomy; research progress
國(guó)家科技基礎(chǔ)條件平臺(tái)工作重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(2005DKA21402);國(guó)家標(biāo)本平臺(tái)教學(xué)標(biāo)本子平臺(tái);中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金(2015M580750)
俞雅麗,女,1988年生,博士后,研究方向?yàn)槔ハx(chóng)分類(lèi)與系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化,E-mail: yuyali2934@126.com
*通訊作者Author for correspondence,E-mail: lsshpang@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Received: 2017-02-28;接受日期Accepted: 2017-03-19
Q961
A
1674-0858(2017)02-0291-11
俞雅麗,任東,金建華,等.吉丁科昆蟲(chóng)化石研究概述[J].環(huán)境昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)報(bào),2017,39(2):291-301.