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        紫堇科二新種

        2017-05-30 10:48:04王文采
        廣西植物 2017年9期
        關(guān)鍵詞:新種中國(guó)

        王文采

        摘要: 該文描述了紫堇科二新種:(1)自云南省發(fā)現(xiàn)的紫堇科紫堇屬一新種,寬鱗紫堇。此新種與波密紫堇相近似,與后者的區(qū)別在于本新種的根狀莖鱗片半透明,具三條脈,莖無葉,外花瓣無雞冠狀突起,雄蕊束具2花藥,花絲條形,無脈,子房寬條形。(2)自黑龍江省發(fā)現(xiàn)的紫堇科紫堇屬一新種,鶴崗延胡索。此種與新疆元胡相似,但本種葉的小葉多在頂端,具1~5牙齒,花序苞片有3~5小裂片,上花瓣及其瓣片和距均較小,蜜腺呈狹卵球形,彎曲,頂端尖銳而與新疆元胡相區(qū)別。

        關(guān)鍵詞: 紫堇科, 紫堇屬, 新種, 中國(guó)

        中圖分類號(hào): Q949文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A文章編號(hào): 10003142(2017)09108305

        Abstract: Two new species of Fumariaceae are described in this paper: (1) A species of the genus Corydalis (Fumariaceae), C. latilepidota, is described as new from Yunnan Province. It is related to C. pseudoadoxa C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang, differing in its semihyaline, trinerved scales of rhizome, leafless stem, uncrested outer petals, stamen bundle with two anthers, linear and nerveless filament, and broadly linear ovary. (2) A species of the genus Corydalis (Fumariaceae), C. hegangensis, is described as new from Heilongjiang Province. It is similar to C. glaucescens Regel, differing in its usually apically 15dentate leaflets, 35lobutale bracts, smaller upper petal with shorter limb and shorter spur, and narrowly and curvedly ovoid nectary.

        Key words: Fumariaceae, Corydalis, new species, China

        寬鱗紫堇圖1

        Corydalis latilepidota W. T. Wang, sp. nov.Fig. 1.

        (sect. Fusiformes C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang)

        Obherbas perennes parvas glabras, rhizoma breve apice squamis aliquot praeditum, folia ternata, bracteas plerumque lanceolato-lineares integras, petala caerulea, petali superni calcar tubulare limbo subaequilongum species nova haec est affinis C. pseudoadoxae C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang, a qua rhizomatis squamis semihyalinis et longitudinaliter trinervibus, caule foliis carente, petalis externis dorso haud cristatis, fasciculo stamineo anthers duabus praedito, filamento lineari et nervis carente, ovario late lineari praeclare differt. In C. pseudoadoxa, rhizomatis squamae haud semihyalinae et nervis carentes, caulis plerumque 1foliatus, petala externa dorso cristata, fasciculus stamineus antheris tribus praeditus, filamentum anguste ovatum et longitudinaliter trinerve, et ovarium ovatum est.

        Small perennial, glabrous herbs. Rhizome very short, inconspicuous, with ca. 6 terete fibrous roots 0.6-2.5 cm long, 0.2 mm in diam., and on apex with ca. 4 scales and 2 bulbils; scales semihyaline, orbicularelliptic, 6.8 × 4 mm, longitudinally trinerved, apex shortly and thickly apiculate, margin entire; bulbils white, broadly ovoid, ca. 3 × 2 mm, smooth, apex caudatecuspidate. Basal leaf possibly singular, ternate, long(?) petiolate; blade papery, broadly ovate, ca. 6 × 7.5 mm, central leaflet shortly petiolualate, subflabellate, ca. 4 × 6.5 mm, 3parted, with lobes narrowly obovate, lateral leaflets sessile, obliquely broadly obovate, unequally 2parted. Scapes ca. 2, 6-8.5 cm tall, 0.5-1 mm in diam., simple. Raceme terminal, 1-2.5 cm long, densely 38flowered; bracts sessile, the lowermost one nearly to base 2parted or undivided, others all undivided, linear or lanceolatelinear, rarely long elliptic, 6-10 × 0.2-1 (-3) mm, margin entire; pedicels slender, 6-10 mm long. Flower: Sepals caducous, unknown. Petals blue, not crested, margin entire; upper petal ca. 11 mm long, with limb navicularovate, 6.5 × 2.6 mm, at apex acute, and with spur tubular, 6.2 × 1.2 mm; lower petal unregularly oblong, ca. 8 × 2 mm, at both ends attenuate; inner petals with limb elliptic, ca. 3.6 × 1.8 mm, below the middle of lower margin constricted, darkblue on upper part, abaxially longitudinally 1ribbed, and with white claw ca. 1 mm long. Stamen bundle ca. 4 mm long; filament white, linear, ca. 3 × 0.3 mm, without nerves; anthers 2, yellowish, broadly oblong, ca. 0.5 mm long. Nectar filiform, straight, ca. 3.5 mm long. Pistil ca. 6 mm long; ovary green, broadly linear, ca. 3.2 × 0.7 mm; style 2.6 mm long; stigma lunulate, ca. 1 mm broad, with 4 papillae. Young capsule broadly linear, ca. 6 × 1.2 mm, with persistent style ca. 3.5 mm long.

        云南(Yunnan):德欽縣,永中村(Deqin Xian, Yongzhong Cun), alt. 4 150-4 400 m,灌叢草甸 (on scrubmeadow),19810824,中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所橫斷山隊(duì) (Hengduan Mountain Exped. from Inst. of Botany, CAS) 3557 (holotype, PE)。

        本種為多年生無毛小草本植物,根狀莖很短,在頂端具數(shù)枚鱗片,葉為三出復(fù)葉,花序苞片多呈披針狀條形,全緣,花瓣藍(lán)色,上花瓣之距呈桶狀,與上花瓣瓣片近等長(zhǎng),因此與也具有上述諸特征的波密紫堇(Corydalis pseudoadoxa C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang)在親緣關(guān)系上相接近,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的根狀莖鱗片半透明,具3條縱脈,莖無葉,外花瓣背面無雞冠狀突起,雄蕊束具2枚花藥,花絲呈條形,無脈,子房呈寬條形。在波密紫堇,根狀莖鱗片不半透明,無脈,莖多具1葉,外花瓣背面具雞冠狀突起,雄蕊束具3枚花藥,花絲呈狹卵形,并具3條縱脈,子房呈狹卵形 (Zhang et al, 2008)。

        鶴崗延胡索圖2

        Corydalis hegangensis W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig. 2.

        (sect. Corydalis)

        Ob plantam tubere globoso praeditam, caulem supra basin folio squamiformi unico praeditum, folia biternata, nectarem brevisissimum 1-1.5 mm longum species nova haec est similis C. glaucescenti Regel, a qua foliolis plerumque apice 15dentatis, racemi bracteis 35lobulatis, petalo supero minore 18 mm longo cum limbo 11 mm longo et calcari 7 mm longo, nectare anguste et curvate ovoideo apice acuto differt. In C. glaucescente, foliola plerumque 3fida vel 3partita, racemi bracteae indivisae, petalum superum majus 20-50 mm longum cum limbo 10-11 mm longo et calcari 10-14 mm longo, et nectar filioforme rectum apice obtusum est.

        Herbs prennial, glabrous, tuberbearing.Tuber globose, ca. 1.8 cm in diam. Stem ca. 12 cm tall, below scalelike leaf downwards thinning, with one scalelike leaf and three true leaves, from axil of the scalelike leaf with one flowering branch ca. 8 cm long. Scalelike leaf papery, narrowly ovate, ca. 2 × 0.85 cm, apex slightly acute, margin entire. Leaves bibernate, petiolate; blade broadly rhombic in outline, 3-6 × 3.2-4.5 cm; leaflets long or shortly petiolulate, rarely sessile, obovate or cuneateobovate, rarely elliptic, 0.64-2.4 × 0.25-1.3 cm, apex subtruncate and 15dentate, rarely acute and entire, base cuneate, with petiolules 0.1-1.8 cm long; petioles 1.2-2 cm long. Racemes terminal, that of stem 3.5 cm long, densely 8flowered, that of branch 1 cm long, densely 4flowered; bracts cuneateobovate or broadly rhombic, 6-11 × 3-4.5 mm, apex with 3-5 narrowly triangular or linear lobules unequal in size; pedicels (2) 4-7 mm long. Flower: Sepals caducous, unknown. Petals purple (?), not crested; upper petal ca. 18 mm long, with limb obtrapeziform, 11 × 5 mm, at apex subtruncate and retuse, and spur tubular, ca. 7 mm long, 1.8-2 mm in diam., straight; lower petal similar to upper petal both in shape and size, above base slightly saccate; inner petals ca. 11 mm long, with limbs coherent apically, narrowly ellipticobovate, 6 × 2.2 mm, and claws slender, ca. 5 mm long. Stamens with filaments thinly membranous, lanceolatelinear. ca. 8 × 0.8 mm, longitudinally 1nerved and anthers yellowish, narrowly oblong, 0.6-0.8 mm long. Nectary black, narrowly ovoid, ca. 1.2 mm long, slightly curved, at apex acute. Pistil 8-9.5 mm long; ovary green, linear, 5-5.5 × 0.5-0.7 mm; style ca. 2.5 mm long; stigma orbicular, ca. 1.2 mm in diam., with 8 dense yellowish subglobose tubercles. Capsule unknown.

        黑龍江 (Heilongjiang): 鶴崗市,鶴北 (Hegang Shi, Hebei),鶴北林業(yè)局,北影場(chǎng),河岸草地 (Hebei Forestry Bureau, Beiyingchang, in grassy place on river bank), 19950715,東北林學(xué)院植物調(diào)查隊(duì) (Pl. Exped. from N.E Forest. Inst.) 9531023 (holotype, PE)。

        本種的植株具球形塊莖,莖基部之上具一鱗片狀葉,蜜腺極短,長(zhǎng)在1~1.5 mm之間,因此與也具有上述形態(tài)特征的新疆元胡(Corydalis glaucescens Regel)相似,與后者的區(qū)別在于本種葉的小葉多在頂端具1~5枚牙齒,花序苞片頂端有3~5枚小裂片,上花瓣較小,長(zhǎng)18 mm,其瓣片長(zhǎng)11 mm,其距長(zhǎng)7 mm,蜜腺狹卵球形,彎曲,頂端尖銳。在新疆元胡,葉的小葉多為三中裂或三深裂,花序苞片不分裂,上花瓣較大,長(zhǎng)20~25 mm,其瓣片長(zhǎng)10~11 mm,其距長(zhǎng)10~14 mm,蜜腺呈絲形,直,頂端鈍(吳征鎰等,1999)。

        致謝深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪圖。

        參考文獻(xiàn):

        ZHANG ML, SU ZY, MLIDEN, 2008. Corydalis DC. [M]//WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 7: 295-428.

        WU CY,CHUANG H,SU ZY, 1999. Corydalis [M]//Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Beijing: Science Press, 32: 96-481. [吳征鎰,莊璇,蘇志云, 1999. 紫堇屬 [M]//中國(guó)植物志. 北京: 科學(xué)出版社, 32: 96-481.]

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