李文華 韓子華
[摘要] 目的 探討膀胱移行細胞癌組織中 TIP30/CC3 蛋白的表達及其與患者生物學行為的關系。 方法 選取接受手術治療的膀胱移行細胞癌(BTCC)存檔蠟塊 60 例。免疫組化 S-P 法檢測 BTCC 標本中 TIP30/CC3 蛋白的表達,并探討其與患者生物學行為的關系。另取癌旁正常的膀胱組織 10 例(距腫瘤緣 3~5 cm)作對照。 結(jié)果 60 例BTCC標本中TIP30/CC3表達陽性19例(31.7%);10 例癌旁正常的膀胱組織 TIP30/CC3表達陽性9 例(90.0%)。BTCC標本中TIP30/CC3陽性率低于癌旁正常的膀胱組織(χ2=9.84,P<0.01)。BTCC 組織中TIP30/CC3表達的腫瘤數(shù)量、性別、腫瘤是否復發(fā)及轉(zhuǎn)移情況等無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),與 UICC 分期和病理分級密切相關(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 BTCC 組織中 TIP30/CC3 的表達下調(diào)或失表達極有可能會促成膀胱癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。BTCC 組織中 TIP30/CC3 的表達與UICC分期和病理分級等生物學行為明顯相關,可能參與了膀胱癌發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤的過程,可作為判斷其浸潤深度、術后復發(fā)和預后的評估指標。
[關鍵詞] 膀胱移行細胞癌;免疫組化;TIP30/CC3蛋白;生物學行為
[中圖分類號] R737.14 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2016)36-0029-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression of TIP30/CC3 protein in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and its relationship with the biological behavior in patients. Methods 60 archival paraffin blocks of bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC) treated with surgical treatment were chosen. The expression of TIP30/CC3 protein in BTCC specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry S-P method, and the relationship between TIP30/CC3 protein expression and the biological behavior was explored. Another 10 cases of normal bladder tissue adjacent to the tumor(3-5 cm away from the tumor margin) as the control group. Results TIP30/CC3 expression was positive in 19 cases of 60 BTCC specimens(31.7%). The positive expression of TIP30/CC3 was found in 9 cases(90.0%) of 10 normal bladder tissues. The positive rate of TIP30/CC3 in BTCC specimens was lower than that in normal bladder tissue(χ2=9.84, P<0.01). The expression of TIP30/CC3 in BTCC tissues was not correlated with the tumor quantity, gender, tumor recurrence and metastasis(P>0.05), but was closely correlated with UICC staging and pathological grade (P<0.05). Conclusion Down-regulation or loss of TIP30/CC3 expression in BTCC tissues may contribute to the development and progression of bladder cancer. The expression of TIP30/CC3 in BTCC is significantly correlated with the biological behavior such as UICC staging and pathological grading, and may be involved in the development, metastasis and infiltration of bladder cancer. The expression of TIP30/CC3 in BTCC tissue can be used as an index to judge the depth of invasion, recurrence and prognosis.
[Key words] Bladder transitional cell carcinoma;Immunohistochemistry;TIP30/CC3 protein;Biological behavior
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程是一個多基因參與、受多因素影響的、多階段的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程,與腫瘤細胞的過度生長與增殖密切相關[1]。TIP30/CC3 是一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移抑制相關基因,能促進腫瘤細胞的凋亡,抑制其轉(zhuǎn)移和血管形成等,在大多數(shù)正常成人組織中高表達,而在一些腫瘤組織中不表達或表達較弱[2-5]。TIP30/CC3 的促進腫瘤細胞凋亡效應及腫瘤中的作用越來越受臨床重視,使其有望成為腫瘤診斷及治療的新靶點[6-9]。本研究觀察了在膀胱移行細胞癌(bladder transitional cell carcinoma,BTCC)組織中TIP30/CC3蛋白的表達及與生物學行為的關系?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2012年1月~2016年1月我院泌尿科接受手術治療的 BTCC 存檔蠟塊 60 例。納入患者均具有完整臨床資料且術后病理證實為BTCC,術前均未行放、化療。其中男 42 例,女 18 例;年齡 39~87 歲,平均(70.3±6.1)歲。另取癌旁正常的膀胱組織10例(距腫瘤緣 3~5 cm)作為對照。
1.2 免疫組化
采用S-P法。將標本固定于10%福爾馬林液中,石蠟包埋后連續(xù)4 μm 切片,采用高溫修復抗原,室溫自然冷卻,正常羊血清37℃ 封閉10 min 以減少非特異性背景,傾去血清分別滴加 TIP30/CC3一抗工作液 4℃ 孵育過夜,余操作均參照說明書進行。采用滴加新鮮配置DAB顯色,蘇木素襯染,梯度酒精脫水,透明、中性樹膠封片和鏡檢。試劑公司購買的陽性切片作陽性對照,以PBS代替一抗作陰性對照。TIP30/CC3蛋白單克隆抗體、多聚賴氨酸和超敏即用型免疫組化S-P試劑盒(通用型)購買自北京中杉生物公司。
1.3 結(jié)果判定
TIP30/CC3免疫組化結(jié)果以胞膜或胞質(zhì)出現(xiàn)棕黃色顆粒為陽性細胞。陰性染色除細胞核染成藍色外,無棕黃色顆粒。按照高倍鏡視野下細胞染色強度與陽性細胞比例進行評分,其中染色強度:無色、淺色、棕黃色和褐色分別為 0、1、2 和 3 分;陽性細胞比例:≤10%、11%~50%、51%~75%和>75%分別為0、1、2 和 3 分。染色強度記分×陽性細胞比例記分≥2分為TIP30/CC3(+)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理
應用 SPSS18.0軟件,計數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 BTCC 和癌旁正常膀胱組織中TIP30/CC3表達差異
60 例BTCC中TIP30/CC3表達陽性19例(31.7%);10 例癌旁正常膀胱組織TIP30/CC3表達陽性9例(90.0%)。BTCC 標本中TIP30/CC3的陽性率低于癌旁正常膀胱組織(χ2=9.84,P<0.01)。
2.2 BTCC 組織中 TIP30/CC3 表達與生物學行為關系
BTCC中TIP30/CC3表達的腫瘤數(shù)量、性別、腫瘤是否復發(fā)及轉(zhuǎn)移情況等差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),與 UICC分期和病理分級密切相關(P<0.05)。見表1。
3 討論
TIP30/CC3 基因是一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)的與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移抑制相關的基因,其蛋白編碼產(chǎn)物 TIP30/CC3(Tat interacting protein 30)蛋白是一種分子量為 30 kDa的轉(zhuǎn)錄共分子,其本質(zhì)是一種絲氨酸、蘇氨酸激酶,以細胞輔助因子為個體的具有活化并增高人類免疫缺陷病毒-1(HIV-1)轉(zhuǎn)錄,可特異性地提高 HIV-1 增殖調(diào)節(jié)蛋白 Tat 的轉(zhuǎn)錄[10]。研究已證實TIP30/CC3基因可抑制腫瘤細胞生長,促進其凋亡,抑制腫瘤血管形成,從而抑制腫瘤的浸潤與轉(zhuǎn)移[11-14]。TIP30/CC3基因在肺癌、黑色素瘤、腦瘤、膀胱癌、乳癌、胃腸道癌和肝癌等多種腫瘤中表達下調(diào)[15-17]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌組織中 TIP30/CC3 基因的表達水平與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和血管侵襲等病理特征呈負相關。肝癌細胞中上調(diào) TIP30/CC3 基因的表達水平可明顯抑制肝癌細胞的增殖和侵襲,下調(diào)TIP30/CC3基因的表達水平可加快癌細胞的生長、增殖和侵襲[18]。TIP30/CC3基因在評價腫瘤的預后及基因的靶向治療中具有重要意義。
近年來 TIP30/CC3 基因在膀胱癌組織中的表達作用越來越引起臨床重視。楊濤等[19]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)抑癌基因 TIP30/CC3 基因在膀胱癌組織呈低表達或表達缺失狀態(tài)可能促進膀胱尿路上皮癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展及浸潤,在膀胱癌患者的治療以及預防中需重視 TIP30/CC3基因的表達情況。陜光等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)抑癌基因 TIP30/CC3 基因在膀胱癌癌組織中呈低表達或表達缺失狀態(tài),可能促進 BTCC 的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,并參與其浸潤轉(zhuǎn)移過程。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn) BTCC 標本中TIP30/CC3 的表達陽性率明顯低于癌旁正常的膀胱組織,表明 BTCC 組織中 TIP30/CC3 的表達下調(diào)或失表達極有可能會促成膀胱癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。TIP30/CC3基因具有促凋亡的作用,能夠幫助患者抑制腫瘤的生長,抑制膀胱尿路上皮癌組織中的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,在對患者臨床早期的診斷以及治療的過程中有指導性的作用。癌旁組織中TIP30/CC3的高表達可抑制膀胱尿路上皮癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,對臨床的早診斷及治療起指導效應。同時研究發(fā)現(xiàn) BTCC 組織中TIP30/CC3的表達與UICC分期和病理分級等生物學行為明顯相關,表明TIP30/CC3的的表達與 BTCC的惡性程度與浸潤深度呈負相關,可能參與了膀胱癌發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤的過程,可作為判斷其浸潤深度、術后復發(fā)和預后的評估指標。有關TIP30/CC3基因在膀胱癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤中的作用和相關機制仍需進一步深入研究探討,以期為膀胱腫瘤的基因靶向治療提供理論依據(jù)。
總之,BTCC 組織中TIP30/CC3的表達下調(diào)或失表達極有可能會促成膀胱癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。BTCC 組織中 TIP30/CC3 的表達與 UICC 分期和病理分級等生物學行為明顯相關,可能參與了膀胱癌發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)移和浸潤的過程,可作為判斷其浸潤深度、術后復發(fā)和預后的評估指標。
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