Jeans

When my great-grandparents were growing up,jeans were only worn by poor people and labourers①labourer 英 ['le?b(?)r?] 美 ['leb?r?] n. 勞動(dòng)者；勞工. It was cheap and highly valued as work wear because of its durability②durability[,dj?r?'b?l?ti] n. 耐久性；堅(jiān)固；耐用年限. The term "jeans" has been in use since the early 1600s, where it was used as a catch-all term to describe the "rough clothing worn by working men".The average farmer or labourer would thus wear something like this.

People from the middle class and upper echelons of society would never be caught wearing jeans. They wore suits often made of materials such as linens. Your average middle class man would look something like this.

So when did jeans become trendy③trendy 英 ['trend?] 美 ['tr?ndi]adj. 時(shí)髦的，流行的n. 追求時(shí)髦者；新潮人物?

Well according to one website, it was a group of factors.

1. The expiration of a patent held by Levi’s in 1908 led to an infl ux④infl ux 英 ['?nfl ?ks] 美 ['?nfl ?ks]n. 流入；匯集；河流的匯集處of imitation jeans fl ooding the market.

2. The romanticization⑤romanticization[r??,m?nt?sa?'ze???n] 浪漫化of the "cowboy lifestyle"made jeans popular.

3. A third thing that helped denim jeans become popular, particularly overseas, was their popularity with servicemen in the 1940s and 1950s, who often liked to wear them when they were off duty.

牛仔褲

我的曾祖父母長(zhǎng)大的那個(gè)年代，只有窮人和體力勞動(dòng)者才穿牛仔褲。牛仔褲很廉價(jià)，作為勞動(dòng)服，因?yàn)槟痛┧詡涫芊Q贊。“牛仔褲”一詞可以追溯到17世紀(jì)早期，這個(gè)詞很準(zhǔn)確地描述了“勞工穿的粗糙衣服”。普通農(nóng)民或勞工就穿成這樣。

你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)看見中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和上層社會(huì)的人穿牛仔褲，他們穿的套裝通常是亞麻布料。普通中產(chǎn)階級(jí)男士穿成這樣。

那么牛仔褲什么時(shí)候開始流行的呢？

一個(gè)網(wǎng)站給出了幾點(diǎn)原因。

1. 1908年李維斯專利到期導(dǎo)致高仿牛仔褲大量涌入市場(chǎng)。

2.“牛仔生活方式”的浪漫化使牛仔褲流行起來。

3. 牛仔褲流行起來（尤其是在海外）的第三個(gè)原因，就是20世紀(jì)四五十年代牛仔褲在技工中廣受歡迎，他們不上班時(shí)也經(jīng)常喜歡穿。

4. 最后，第四個(gè)原因，牛仔褲受到年輕人歡迎的原因，是電影《無因的叛逆》和《飛車黨》的上映，影片的主角都穿牛仔褲，以顯示對(duì)社會(huì)期望的反抗。到了80

4. And finally, the fourth thing that made jeans popular with the younger generation was the release of films like Rebel Without a Cause and The Wild One, in which the protagonists⑥protagonist英 [pr?'t?g(?)n?st] 美 [pr?'t?ɡ?n?st]n. 主角，主演；主要人物，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者wore jeans as a way of rebelling against societal expectations. In the 1980s, interest in jeans went nuclear with the release of a series of sexually charged, strong armed ads.

Busyness

Or rather, lack of leisure.

Leisure in the past was, in a way, a symbol of status. Only the well-to-do could afford to loiter⑦loiter英 ['l??t?] 美 ['l??t?]vi. 虛度；閑蕩；徘徊vt. 虛度；閑蕩；混about, and not be busy all the time.

But now, being busy is what's classy.

From an online story on Why you feel busy all the time(when you're actually not):

Historically, the ultimate symbol of wealth, achievement and social superiority⑧superiority 英 [su?,p??r?'?r?t?; sju?-] 美 [su,p?r?'?r?ti]n. 優(yōu)越，優(yōu)勢(shì)；優(yōu)越性was the freedom not to work: the true badge of honour... was leisure. Now, it's busyness that has become the indicator of high status. "The best-off in our society are often very busy, and have to be," says Gershuny."You ask me, am I busy, and I tell you: 'Yes, of course I'm busy – because I'm an important person!'"

Being busy is cool. A busier person is assumed to be more important.

In one study on why busyness is considered impressive published in Harvard Business Review, the authors deduce the change in perception to be due to changes in economy.

So, ya even though we complain about it most of the time, being busy has become classy.年代，隨著一系列充斥著色情和暴力的廣告的播出，人們穿牛仔褲的熱情空前高漲。

忙碌

更準(zhǔn)確地說，缺少閑暇時(shí)間。

從某種意義上說，在過去，閑暇是地位的象征，只有富裕人家才有資格消磨時(shí)間，而且從來不忙。

但現(xiàn)在忙碌才是正 道。

下面是網(wǎng)上的一則故事，講的是為什么根本不忙的時(shí)候你還是總感覺自己很忙：

從歷史的角度來說，財(cái)富、成就和社會(huì)優(yōu)越感的終極象征就是不用工作的自由：榮譽(yù)的真正象征是…閑暇?，F(xiàn)在繁忙卻變成了社會(huì)地位高的標(biāo)桿。Gershuny說：“社會(huì)上最優(yōu)越的人通常很忙，而且必須得忙。你要是問我忙不忙，我會(huì)告訴你‘對(duì)，我當(dāng)然忙，因?yàn)槲沂侵匾宋铮　?/p>

忙很好，越忙說明你越重要。

《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于“忙碌為什么令人欽佩”的研究，研究者得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論：人們看法的變化源于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

所以，年輕人，即使我們經(jīng)常抱怨，但忙碌確實(shí)備受推崇。