重點(diǎn)詞匯
1.begin v. (began) 開(kāi)始
I’ll begin whenever you’re ready.
你什么時(shí)候準(zhǔn)備好我就開(kāi)始。
常用結(jié)構(gòu):begin to do sth與begin doing sth
一般來(lái)說(shuō),begin to do和begin doing可以互換。
2.heavily adv. 在很大程度上;大量地
My father smokes heavily.
我父親抽煙很兇。
注意:形容雨雪下得大用heavily或hard。
It rained heavily, so he didn’t go to work yesterday.
雨下得很大,因此他昨天沒(méi)去上班。
heavy adj. 重的
Peter is heavier than his sister.
彼得比他妹妹重。
3.strange adj. 奇特的;奇怪的
A strange thing happened this morning.
今天上午發(fā)生了一件怪事。
stranger n. 陌生人
4.light n. 光;光線(xiàn);光亮
注意:light意為“光;光線(xiàn);光亮”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。
(1) 作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)意為“電燈”。
(2) 作形容詞時(shí)意為“輕的;淺色的”。
Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
離開(kāi)教室時(shí)關(guān)掉燈。
Is the box heavy or light?
盒子重不重?
I like the light green dress.
我喜歡那條淺綠色的裙子。
(3) 作動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“點(diǎn)燃;照亮”。
He sat down and lit a cigarette.
他坐下來(lái)點(diǎn)了一根煙。
5.report v. n. 報(bào)道;公布
Call me if you have something to report.
如果你有什么事要向我報(bào)告就給我打電話(huà)。
make a report 做報(bào)告 weather report 天氣預(yù)報(bào)
It’s reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道……
It’s reported that it will rain heavily tonight.
據(jù)報(bào)道,今夜有大雨。
6.beat v. 敲打;打敗
Someone is beating the door.
有人在敲門(mén)。
We beat them by 3:2.
我們以3比2打敗了他們。
辨析:beat與win
beat 后常接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
We beat them by the score of 2 to 1.
我們以2:1贏了他們。
win指贏得比賽、游戲獎(jiǎng)杯、獎(jiǎng)牌等。
Which team won the football match?
哪個(gè)隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)足球賽?
7.against prep. 倚;碰;撞
The teacher’s desk is against the wall.
老師的辦公桌靠墻放著。
He stood against the tree.
他靠樹(shù)站著。
表示“反對(duì)”,其反義詞為 for。
Are you for or against the plan?
你對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃是贊成還是反對(duì)呢?
8.rise v. n. 升起;增加;提高
I’m going to ask for a rise.
我將申請(qǐng)加薪。
辨析:rise與raise
rise 升起;上升。指主語(yǔ)自身移向較高位置。
Price rose gradually.
價(jià)格慢慢上漲了。
raise 舉起;提高。指主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作作用于其他事物。
Let’s raise our glasses to Tom.
讓我們?yōu)闇放e起酒杯。
9.realize v. 理解;領(lǐng)會(huì);認(rèn)識(shí)到
(1) realize+名詞
She didn’t realize her mistake.
她沒(méi)有意識(shí)到她的錯(cuò)誤。
(2) realize+從句
I didn’t realize that you were so unhappy.
我沒(méi)有意識(shí)到你這么不開(kāi)心。
10. silence n. 沉默;緘默;無(wú)聲
There’s nothing but silence in the room.
屋內(nèi)寂靜無(wú)聲。
silent adj. 沉默的;寂靜的
The old house was silent.
這老房子寂靜無(wú)聲。
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.go off (鬧鐘) 發(fā)出響聲
The alarm went off just now.
剛才警鈴響了。
go over 復(fù)習(xí) go away 離開(kāi)
go by (時(shí)間) 過(guò)去
2.fall asleep 進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng);睡著
辨析:fall asleep, go to sleep與go to bed
(1) fall asleep“入睡;睡著”,指進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng),往往含有“不知不覺(jué)就睡著了”的意思。
He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.
他剛要入睡時(shí),傳來(lái)了響亮的敲門(mén)聲。
(2) go to sleep強(qiáng)調(diào)“入睡;進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作。
I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.
我只是想閉上眼睛,盡快地睡上一覺(jué)。
(3) go to bed意為“就寢;上床睡覺(jué)”,指“上床去睡”這個(gè)動(dòng)作,與get up相對(duì)應(yīng)。
The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.
我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生通常早晨六點(diǎn)起床,晚上九點(diǎn)半睡覺(jué)。
3.die down 逐漸變?nèi)?;逐漸消失
辨析:die down與die out
指火的熄滅時(shí),用die down或die out皆可。
die down往往指火勢(shì)由強(qiáng)到弱慢慢熄滅,植物慢慢死亡這一過(guò)程;
die out則指熄滅這一事實(shí),而且不及die down用的普遍。
die down指風(fēng)、聲音、憤怒、掌聲、戰(zhàn)斗等平息下來(lái)。
die out指家庭、種族、物種、組織、信仰等的消失或消亡。
4.make one’s way to... 前往;費(fèi)力的前進(jìn)
I’ll make my way to the school now.
現(xiàn)在我要去學(xué)校。
即時(shí)練習(xí)
1. Ben didn’t fall asleep until the wind ______ (die down) at around 3:00 am.
2. I was too tired and still sleeping when my alarm _____ (go off).
3. The river ______ two inches this morning.
A. rose B. raisedC. are getting upD. grow
4. 寫(xiě)出下面單詞的過(guò)去式
beat ______ rise ______
fall ______ begin ______
5. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換
heavy ______ (adv.)sudden ______ (adv.)
recent ______ (adv.)complete ______ (adv.)
sleep ______ (adj.)ice ______ (adj.)
silent ______ (n.)true ______ (n.)
report ______ (n.)strange ______ (n.)
參考答案:
基本語(yǔ)法
一、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
1. 定義:表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2. 用法:
(1) 過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
He was cooking at six last night.
昨天晚上六點(diǎn),他正在做飯。
(2) 過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
I was staying here from March to May last year.
去年從3月到5月,我一直待在這里。
(3) 與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有 at nine last night/at that time/at this time yesterday或有when the teacher came in/while he was reading等提示。
(4) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
(5) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was /were+doing sth+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
He was cooking at six last night.
昨晚六點(diǎn)他在做飯。
否定句:主語(yǔ)+was /were+not+doing sth+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
He was not cooking at six last night.
昨晚六點(diǎn)他沒(méi)有做飯。
一般疑問(wèn)句:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+doing sth+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?
Was he cooking at six last night?
昨晚六點(diǎn)他在做飯嗎?
肯定和否定回答:
Yes, he was. /No, he wasn’t.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:What...+was/were+主語(yǔ)+doing+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?
What was he doing at six last night?
昨晚六點(diǎn)他在做什么?
二、when與while的用法與區(qū)別
1. when 與while 都有“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”的意思。
(1) when 既可表示某一時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可表示某一段時(shí)間。在when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的,可與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可在其后發(fā)生。
I was just reading a book when she came into my room.
她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí),我正在看書(shū)。
(2) while 只能表示某一段時(shí)間。在while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在。
You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。
2. when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用一般時(shí)態(tài),而while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上媽媽回家的時(shí)候,我正在做家庭作業(yè)。
While they were talking, the bell rang.
他們正在談話(huà)的時(shí)候,上課鈴響了。