WANG+Lei　ZHANG+Pei-yu

【Abstract】The author summarized the physiological activity of carrageenan，——antioxidant， antiviral and anti coagulation.The article compared and analysed three methods of decomposing carrageenan to carrageenan oligosaccharides.And it emphatically pointed out that biological enzyme method is better than chemical method and physical method on degradation of carrageenan and its good application prospect.？In addition，the article clarified the possibility of obtaining new carrageenase from Polar microorganisms from the special biological environment，the microorganisms special physical and chemical characteristics and so on.In order to provide reference for the search of the industrial production of carrageenan oligosaccharides by enzymatic degradation.

【Key words】Carrageenan；Carrageenan oligosaccharide；Polar microorganisms；Carrageenase

1 Carrageenan oligosaccharide activity characteristics

Compared with carrageenan， carrageenan oligosaccharides molecular weight is small， easy to be absorbed by the body， in the field of medicine has a broader application prospects. Carrageenan oligosaccharides have a lot of biological activity.

1.1 Antitumor activity

The study of the anti-tumor activity of carrageenan oligosaccharides by Mou et al.[1] found that κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides have a strong inhibitory effect on S180 sarcoma in mice.

1.2 protect the body from the role of radioactive damag

Mice were treated with mice without the addition of carrageenan oligosaccharides after exposure to X-rays， and the mice treated with carrageenan oligosaccharides were 90% after X-ray exposure， even at low doses The carrageenan oligosaccharides also increased the survival rate of mice. It can be seen， carrageenan oligosaccharides with the protection of the body from the role of radioactive damage.

1.3 can inhibit vascular growth

Experiments show that[2] λ-carrageenan oligosaccharides can inhibit the production of in vitro blood vessels， and in chick embryo allantoic membrane （CAM） as a model of the test， λ-carrageenan oligosaccharides can effectively inhibit the CAM microvascular behavior The

1.4 Antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity

Yuan et al.[3] prepared the kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharides and the kappa-carrageenan oligosaccharide persulfated derivatives， acetylated derivatives and phosphorylated derivatives in the experiments while conducting their in vitro antioxidant activity Determination shows that different carrageenan oligosaccharide derivatives in the measured antioxidant model are marked you have a higher antioxidant activity.

2 The status of the Carrageenan enzyme research

Molecular biology technology is progressing， but the current type of carrageenan obtained by cloning is not much， between 1991 and 1998， Potion et al.， Barbeyron cloned to obtain the κ-carrageenin gene， and in 2012 Kobayashi et al. Alkaline carrageenan gene， but the gene in E. coli in the heterologous expression of carrageenan can not be secreted to the outside， and can not achieve the purpose of mass production of carrageenan.

3 The feasibility of obtaining a new type of highly efficient carrageenan degrading enzyme by polar microbes

The special geographical environment of the Arctic region creates its special climate and environment， and the special climate environment creates a special microbial community. Polar region has a rich microbial community， to produce a special nature of metabolites， Arenz et al[4-6] experiments show that the polar regions of the micro-organisms can produce more active enzyme.

4 Conclusion and outlook

Carrageenan-degrading bacteria are mostly distributed in the ocean， land and fresh water less， we know little about the sea， due to the polar environment and the marine environment of the particularity of the polar ocean of carrageenan degrading bacteria development and utilization is less And less. It has a wide range of research prospects for the discovery of carrageenan enzymes with high activity and high expression from the Antarctic oceans， and then by enzymatic degradation to produce a large number of carrageenan oligosaccharides with biologically active function.

【References】

[1]Mou H J，Jiang X L，Guan H S. Aκ-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide prepared by enzymatic degradation containing antitumor activity[J].Appl Phycol，2003，15（4）：297-303.

[2]Yuan Huamao， Song Jinming， Li Xuegang，et al.Immunomodulation and antitumor activity ofκ-carrageenan oligosaccharides[J].Cancer Letters，2006，243（2）：228-234.

[3]Yuan Huamao，Zhang Weiwei，Li Xuegang，et al.Preparation and in vitro antioxidant activity ofκ-carrageenan oligosaccharides and their oversulfated， acetylated and phosphorylated derivatives[J].Carbohydrate Research，2005，340（4）：685-692.

[4]Yujiao Sun， Bingying Yang， Yanmin Wu. Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides degraded by different methods[J].Food Chemistry，2015，178（2015）：311-318.

[5]BRIDGE P D， NEWSHAM K K. Soil fungal community composition at Mars Oasis， a southern maritime Antarctic site， assessed by PCR amplification and cloning[J]. Fungal Ecology ， 2009， 5：66-74.

[6]ARENZ B E，BLANCHETTE R A.Distribution and abundance of soilfungi in Antarctica at sites on the Peninsula， Ross Sea Region and McMurdo Dry Valleys[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry，2011，43：308-315.

[責(zé)任編輯：朱麗娜]