趙湘
我國人口老齡化進入了快速發(fā)展階段,辦好養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè),事關(guān)中國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展全局。聽聞由杭州市濱江區(qū)政府投資建設(shè)、浙江綠康醫(yī)養(yǎng)集團運營管理的杭州濱江陽光家園社會福利中心建成,懷著欣喜,筆者走進這新型養(yǎng)老服務(wù)單位,感受近十年來中國養(yǎng)老模式的變遷。
公建民營 嶄新的運營模式
2006年的一個炎炎夏日,杭州綠康醫(yī)院投資管理有限公司董事長卓永岳,在杭州市江干區(qū)政府及丁橋鎮(zhèn)政府的支持下,將丁橋鎮(zhèn)敬老院改建為杭州綠康老年康復醫(yī)院(以下簡稱綠康醫(yī)院)。該院以嶄新的“公建民營,民辦公助”運營模式,創(chuàng)辦了國內(nèi)首個“醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合,康復養(yǎng)老助殘”機構(gòu)。
2016年,杭州濱江陽光家園社會福利中心(以下簡稱陽光家園)建成開園,作為杭州濱江重點民生工程之一,濱江區(qū)政府投資5個億,其總建筑面積為10萬平方米,床位2000余張,成為杭州規(guī)模最大、設(shè)施最先進的養(yǎng)老機構(gòu)。十年來,已改稱的浙江綠康醫(yī)院投資管理有限公司(即綠康醫(yī)養(yǎng)集團,以下簡稱綠康集團),在浙江杭州、寧波、臺州、紹興、嘉興、湖州及江西南昌等地打造了15家老年康復護理醫(yī)療機構(gòu)、8家養(yǎng)老護理機構(gòu),在管理機制上,這些養(yǎng)老機構(gòu)全部以公建民營的模式運營。良好的信譽、專業(yè)的團隊、嚴謹?shù)墓芾怼⒏咝У倪\營是公建民營運營的前提條件。綠康集團堅持“以人為本、老人至上”的方針,弘揚中華孝道文化,堅持醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合服務(wù)理念,全方位為老人的健康生活服務(wù),在行業(yè)內(nèi)脫穎而出,贏得了各級政府的信任,成為國內(nèi)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)“公建民營”領(lǐng)域的拓荒者和引領(lǐng)者。
醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合 全新的養(yǎng)老方式
筆者先后走訪了綠康醫(yī)院和陽光家園,仿佛穿越十年,看到了養(yǎng)老機構(gòu)從滿足養(yǎng)老剛需到服務(wù)享老的發(fā)展格局,也看到中國人的養(yǎng)老觀念正在悄然發(fā)生改變。
陽光家園坐落在白馬湖生態(tài)創(chuàng)意區(qū),北臨冠山,南接越王城山,回馬河由北向南蜿蜒而過。
走進園區(qū),入口處一大片綠色草坪上立著一塊石碑,石碑的正反面鐫刻六個大字——天行健,地勢坤。綠康集團副總經(jīng)理卓雷介紹說,這六個字既是陽光家園的園訓,也彰顯了集團的文化養(yǎng)老內(nèi)涵。園內(nèi)共有10幢大樓,設(shè)有自理養(yǎng)老院、康復護理區(qū)、醫(yī)院、多功能活動中心、營養(yǎng)食堂等。在自理養(yǎng)老區(qū),筆者參觀了“標間”和“套房”:落地窗、大陽臺、床頭燈、格子床單,完全是“賓館式”的標配。開闊的景觀陽臺,還能俯瞰白馬湖勝景。綠康集團科研所所長盧亦魯教授說,目前正在建設(shè)白馬湖沿湖風光帶,將來老人們閑暇之余散步、垂釣、種菜……
養(yǎng)老院、護理區(qū)、醫(yī)院都設(shè)有專業(yè)的護士站?;顒又行挠衅迮剖?、書畫室、會客廳、餐廳等,甚至還設(shè)置了老年大學、兒童游戲區(qū)。園區(qū)里還設(shè)計了一系列休閑設(shè)施,包括花房、動物喂食區(qū)、門球場。綠康集團董事長助理唐瑞告訴筆者,園區(qū)還設(shè)有二級康復??漆t(yī)院,為入住園區(qū)的老人及周邊轄區(qū)居民提供基本醫(yī)療服務(wù)。園區(qū)內(nèi)所有的設(shè)置都圍繞“醫(yī)養(yǎng)融合”理念建設(shè),實現(xiàn)醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生和養(yǎng)老服務(wù)資源有序共享。
2008年10月31日,時任中共中央政治局常委、國家副主席習近平親臨杭州綠康老年康復醫(yī)院視察,指出:“綠康”這種康復式養(yǎng)老模式是今后機構(gòu)養(yǎng)老發(fā)展的一個方向。習近平同志的肯定,使卓永岳董事長萬分激動,更堅定了浙江綠康醫(yī)養(yǎng)集團“醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合”的養(yǎng)老理念,成為行業(yè)的拓荒者和先行者。在2017年3月5日召開的第十二屆全國人民代表大會上,李克強總理也指出:要加快發(fā)展服務(wù)消費,支持社會力量提供教育、養(yǎng)老、醫(yī)療等服務(wù),發(fā)展醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合……等新興消費。政府的政策引導,使廣大老年人更能安享老有所養(yǎng)、老有所醫(yī)、老有所樂的晚年生活。
88歲的吳云老人和老伴在陽光家園試營業(yè)時就入住其中。他倆退休前從事教師職業(yè),入住以后好像回到青年時代,吳老教書畫,老伴教視唱,每一天都充滿樂趣。吳老感慨地說:“像陽光家園這樣的養(yǎng)老機構(gòu)真正是幫天下兒女盡孝、替世上父母解難、為黨和政府分憂?。 ?/p>
護理員節(jié) 全國首創(chuàng)廣泛推廣
早在2011年,綠康集團就在國內(nèi)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)率先創(chuàng)辦了“5·29護理員節(jié)”,倡議“關(guān)愛老年人,從尊重護理員開始”。董事長卓永岳表示:5月12日是國際護士節(jié),護理員的節(jié)日放在同一個月比較合適,而“529”的諧音是“我愛九”,即“我愛老人、我愛長者”。
綠康集團通過設(shè)立護理員節(jié),在院內(nèi)逐步形成“尊重護理員、理解護理員、愛護護理員、關(guān)心護理員”的新風尚,提高護理員的社會地位,增強了護理員的榮譽感和責任感,提高了護理員為老年人服務(wù)的主動性和積極性。
在綠康醫(yī)院,筆者遇見護工小陳正在幫助一位老人進行機體康復訓練。由于半身不遂,老人每天的吃喝拉撒和身體按摩都要靠小陳才能完成。老人感激地說:“多虧了小陳,我才能恢復得這么好?!毙£愳t腆地笑笑,說:“以前曾經(jīng)覺得護工年紀大、沒文化、地位低,現(xiàn)在做了護工才知道,做一名優(yōu)秀的護工不容易,不僅需要有愛心,還要有一定的專業(yè)醫(yī)護知識?!比缃瘢G康醫(yī)院對護工也實行“倒班制”,目的就是避免護工連續(xù)工作,過度勞累。
護理員節(jié)的持續(xù)舉辦引發(fā)了社會各界的關(guān)注,迄今已有浙江海寧、湖南長沙、江蘇無錫、山東青島和德州等地的民政部門或者養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)同行,借鑒綠康集團創(chuàng)立的理念,在當?shù)嘏e辦護理員節(jié)活動。
舒緩療護 闡釋嶄新“生死觀”
“舒緩療護”這一概念最早出現(xiàn)在西方發(fā)達國家,涵義是讓老年人在臨終時享受舒緩療護,避免經(jīng)過各種創(chuàng)傷性搶救的折磨,而是按照自己的意愿,更加舒服而有尊嚴地離世。綠康集團推動“舒緩療護”與“生前預囑”,力圖闡釋一種新的“生死觀”,倡導“尊嚴死”。副總經(jīng)理卓雷介紹,舒緩療護病區(qū)是本院的重點病區(qū),收治重癥而無望治愈的臨終老人。
在舒緩呵護病房,筆者看到粉紅色的房間,溫馨的愛心墻,舒適的病床……如此這般,讓人不敢相信這是病房。
“這里就像患者老人的家?!痹谡勑氖?,家屬李女士告訴筆者,她母親患有多種疾病,估計時日不多。“看到媽媽能這么安靜地走完人生最后一程,我們心里也舒服一些?!?
卓雷對筆者說:“舒緩療護是一個團隊互動的過程,醫(yī)護人員和老人家屬、志愿者共同組成團隊。除了對老人的撫慰,還要對老人的親屬進行哀傷心理疏導,同時幫助老人家屬處理一些老人的身后事。”
由韓啟德副主席率領(lǐng)的全國政協(xié)教科文衛(wèi)體委員會“推進安寧療護發(fā)展”專題調(diào)研組,考察綠康醫(yī)院后,對此醫(yī)養(yǎng)護一體化新服務(wù)模式和舒緩療護工作給予高度肯定和贊許。
面對我國人口老齡化的嚴峻現(xiàn)實,養(yǎng)老服務(wù)業(yè)的發(fā)展應(yīng)當有新的更高的要求。在陽光家園,“做養(yǎng)老服務(wù),越做越有信心,也越來越體會到人生的真正意義。因為當你看到養(yǎng)老服務(wù)行業(yè)的不斷創(chuàng)新,也看到了自己未來老去的樣子,這非常有意思”,董事長助理唐瑞說。
As a greater part of the population gets into old age in China, care for the elderly people has become a top priority for the government and a grave concern for the public. Zhejiang Lvkang Medical Care & Senior Services Investment Management Co Ltd is a national leader in providing homes and medical care for senior citizens. Headquartered in Hangzhou, Lvkang aka Green Health started its senior services in 2006.
In 2006, Dingqiao Home for the Elderly, a government institution, was transformed into Hangzhou Green Health Hospital for Seniors. The hardware was constructed by the government and the assets are in the name of the government, but Green Health, a private business, operates the hospital and acts as a service provider with subsidies from the government. It was the first of its kind in China. Green Health has pioneered a new path for providing medical care for senior citizens. Over the past 10 years, it has set up 15 medical care institutions for health rehabilitation and 8 medical care homes for senior citizens in Hangzhou, Ningbo, Taizhou, Shaoxing, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Nanchang. All these institutions run on the aforementioned mode: hardware constructed and owned by the government and daily operation by a private business.
Toward the end of 2016, a 500 million social welfare and medical care center for senior citizens became operational in Binjiang District of Hangzhou. The center, also known as Sunshine Garden Home, has over 2,000 beds, making it the biggest home for elderly people in Hangzhou. It is operated by Green Health.
Located in the scenic White Horse Lake across the Qiantang River, the centers ten buildings provide different functions, services and purposes. One part of the center is assigned to old people who can take care of themselves. This part of the center provides hotel rooms. There are standard rooms and suites. A commanding view from these verandas of the building can take in the beauty of the White Horse Lake. At present, a stroll path is being built around the lake. The path will be equipped with facilities where senior people at the center can take a stroll, fish, even work in a vegetable garden.
On October 31, 2008, Xi Jinping, then member of the standing committee of the politburo of the central committee of CPC and vice president of the Peoples Republic of China, visited Hangzhou Lvkang Hospital. During the inspection, he said that the health care and medical care mode developed by the business was one direction for future. At the Fifth Session of the 12th National People Congress in 2017, Premier Li Keqiang stated a series of policies for healthcare and medical care for the elderly. As more government policies will be implemented and more social resources are plowed into the cause of taking care of the aged, senior citizens will be well taken care of.
Green Health is a creative business. What it has developed is more than a medical care business mode for taking care of senior citizens. In 2011, it started a caretaker day on May 29. Green Health promotes this day in order to make the public aware of the hard work by those who take care of aged people.
A group of senior members of the CPPCC has visited Hangzhou Lykang Hospital to see how the group works the healthcare and medical care for senior citizens.
Tang Rui, an assistant to the President of Green Health, sums up groups dedication to the cause in simple words: “The more we work for the elderly people, the more confident we are. In the work we find the true meaning of life. When you see how the service sector works hard in an innovative way, you see how you will look like in the future and what kind of care you can expect in the future. It is interesting.”