程雪 蔣國慶 譚小林++楊輝++符巍+ 史戰(zhàn)明
[摘要] 目的 探討不同性別、年齡、受教育程度住院精神分裂癥患者抽象色彩偏好差異。 方法 納入1320名住院精神分裂癥患者及1005名正常人群作為研究對象,采用對偶比較法進行色彩偏好實驗。 結果 (1)精神分裂癥患者最偏愛藍色、綠色等冷色,與對照組色彩偏好順序傾向一致,對紫色、黑色的偏好程度高于對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。(2)不同性別、年齡、受教育程度精神分裂癥患者色彩偏好順序均傾向一致。男女均最偏好藍色;女性對橙色、灰色更為偏好,而男性更偏好綠色、藍色,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。不同年齡患者在紅色、白色、黑色上偏好程度上存在統(tǒng)計學差異(P<0.05)。不同受教育程度患者在紅色、藍色、白色、黑色、灰色偏好程度上存在統(tǒng)計學差異(P<0.05)。 結論 住院精神分裂癥患者偏愛藍色、綠色、紫色、黑色等冷色調;不同性別、年齡、受教育程度患者抽象色彩偏好順序傾向一致,但其偏好程度存在明顯差異。
[關鍵詞] 色彩偏好;精神分裂癥;性別;年齡;受教育程度
[中圖分類號] R749.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2017)03-0011-04
A control study of abstract color preferences in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia
CHENG Xue JIANG Guoqing TAN Xiaolin YANG Hui FU Wei SHI Zhanming YUAN Gang NIE Wenyan
Department of Geriatrics, Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 401147, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the differences of abstract color preference in schizophrenic patients with different gender, age and educational level. Methods 1320 hospitalized schizophrenic patients and 1005 normal people were selected as subjects. color preference test was conducted by dual comparative method. Results (1) Cool color such as blue and green was prefered by the patients with schizophrenia, which was in accordance with the color preference sequence of the control group. The preference of purple and black in study group was significantly higher than control group, the difference was significant(P<0.05). (2)The accordance of color preference sequence was found consistent among schizo-phrenic patients with different gender, age and educational level. Blue was the most preferred both in male and female. Orange and gray were more preferred by female, while green, blue were more preferred by male, the difference was significant(P<0.05). There was significant difference in red, white and black preference among patients on different ages(P<0.05). There was significant difference in red, blue, white, black and gray preference among patients with different educational levels(P<0.05). Conclusion Hospitalized patients with schizophrenia prefer cool colors such as blue, green, purple and black; The preference sequence of patients with different gender, age and educational level is consistent, but the preference degree is different.
[Key words] Color preference; Schizophrenia; Gender; Age; Educational level
不同色彩會對人們的心理活動產生不同的影響,如紅色引起興奮、喜悅感,藍色使人感到沉靜、舒適,紫色引起厭惡、憂郁等[1]。顏色不僅對人們的生理活動產生影響,也使我們日常生活中情緒、認知加工等心理活動發(fā)生變化[2]。色彩偏好是指人在心理上所喜愛或偏好的顏色,大量研究表明,色彩偏好順序及程度在性別、年齡、人格特征等方面存在顯著性差異[3,4],且與其心理健康水平密切相關,即各類不同的心理障礙患者其色彩偏好存在差異[5,6]。精神分裂癥是一種病因未明的慢性、致殘性精神障礙,臨床上主要表現(xiàn)為感知覺、思維、行為等方面的障礙。以往對精神分裂癥的研究主要集中在遺傳因素、神經發(fā)育、神經生化及心理社會因素等方面[7,8],對患者色彩偏好的相關研究較少,因此,本文作了相關調查,采用抽象色塊作為實驗材料,即不附加于任何具體事物之上的顏色,突出顏色本身的屬性,反映患者對顏色的單純喜愛,以期待完善此類人群的色彩偏好趨勢及相關影響因素。