胡赟鵬++沈彩耀++沈智翔++張德偉++屠振

摘 要：深空通信射頻技術(shù)是深空通信關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一，該課題圍繞我國未來深空探測任務(wù)的需求，重點突破適應(yīng)深空通信需求的低噪聲溫度射頻前端設(shè)計與多天線組陣增強系統(tǒng)相關(guān)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)深空探測數(shù)據(jù)回傳的高效可靠接收。課題設(shè)計完成低噪聲溫度射頻前端，X/Ka頻段等效噪聲溫度達到25 K/50 K以下。突破HEMT晶體管低溫建模關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，實現(xiàn)低溫器件參數(shù)的高精度提取。針對超導(dǎo)濾波器的關(guān)鍵工藝技術(shù)，以及超導(dǎo)濾波器運用軟件精確設(shè)計展開研究。提出了支持現(xiàn)有天線以任意形態(tài)組陣的全新多天線信號增強處理結(jié)構(gòu)，同時設(shè)計研制了多天線信號合成樣機及試驗驗證系統(tǒng)。該結(jié)構(gòu)可充分利用現(xiàn)有的接收天線和接收機，適用于非均勻組陣下各種調(diào)制方式、不同調(diào)制參數(shù)信號的無數(shù)據(jù)輔助合成，實現(xiàn)了對信號的盲處理。區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的僅利用固定參考信號實現(xiàn)信號間的時延估計方法，提出了一種基于準合成輸出信號作為參考時延對準算法，提高參考信號的信噪比，時延估計性能在低信噪比條件下其估計性能改善更為明顯。提出并實現(xiàn)了一種不依賴于單路信號信噪比計算的多天線信號合成權(quán)值盲估計算法，該算法無需任何信號先驗信息和定時同步，解決了信號最大比合并中權(quán)值估計的通用性問題。針對通信信號特點，研究了多天線信號多層次聯(lián)合處理結(jié)構(gòu)，同時實現(xiàn)了符號檢測與同步的聯(lián)合處理，以及各路信號間的聯(lián)合同步與聯(lián)合符號檢測。在多路極低信噪比條件下，與傳統(tǒng)合成結(jié)構(gòu)的相比能夠進一步提升處理增益。課題所取得成果對拓展更遠距離的深空探測，實現(xiàn)極低信噪比條件下，大容量回傳數(shù)據(jù)的可靠接收具有十分重要的意義。針對我國深空探測發(fā)展的需求，該課題通過關(guān)鍵技術(shù)突破與創(chuàng)新有效提升深空數(shù)據(jù)傳輸能力，為我國未來深空科學(xué)技術(shù)與工程實施提供有力支撐，推動我國空間科學(xué)與應(yīng)用的原創(chuàng)性發(fā)展。

關(guān)鍵詞：深空通信 低噪聲溫度射頻前端 多天線信號合成

Abstract： Deep space communication radio frequency （RF） technology is one of the key technologies for deep space communication. Around the needs of the deep space exploration， this subject has made a significant breakthrough in key areas of low noise temperature RF front-end design as well as multiple antenna arraying techniques to meet the needs of high reliable and efficient data transmission in deep space communication. This project developed a low noise temperature RF front-end with X/Ka band equivalent noise temperature reached 25 K/50 K. It made breakthrough in the key technology of modeling HEMT transistor in low temperature， and also realized the high-precision extraction of low temperature parameters. Superconducting filter on the key technology and using software accurate designing are specially researched. Besides， this project proposed a new multiple-antenna signal enhancement processing structure， which supports the existing antenna array in arbitrary form， and designed multiple antennas combining prototype and test system. This structure is suitable for non-uniform group array under various signal modulation mode， different modulation parameters. This project proposed a new time delay alignment algorithm using quasi combined signal as the reference， which improve the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） of the reference signal， thus improve the time delay estimation performance. This project proposed a new weights estimation method， which is independent on single channel signal SNR calculation and does not need any priori information and timing synchronization. For the characteristics of communication signals， this project studied multi-antenna multi-level joint processing structure， achieving joint symbol detection and synchronization， as well as multiple signals joint synchronization and symbol detection. The above cooperative processing structure can achieve parameters estimation from multiple antenna at the same time， which can further enhance the processing gain under low SNR conditions. The above achievements are significant to be expanded to greater distance deep space exploration， achieving high-capacity high reliable data reception under low SNR condition. This project can effectively improve the deep space data transmission ability， which provide strong support for future deep space science， technology and engineering implementation in China.

Key Words： Deep space communication； Low noise temperature RF front-end； Multiple-antenna signal combining

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