羅俊++胡忠坤++涂良成++楊山清

摘 要：廣義相對(duì)論（經(jīng)典的引力理論）和粒子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型理論（量子規(guī)范理論）是目前最成功的基礎(chǔ)物理理論，兩個(gè)理論都通過(guò)了迄今為止所有的實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)。但可惜的是兩個(gè)理論目前并不兼容。因此，對(duì)于物理學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)能統(tǒng)合自然界所有基本相互作用的理論框架就顯得非常重要。引力及其相關(guān)物理規(guī)律的研究對(duì)于深入理解引力的性質(zhì)和規(guī)律、尋找新的基本力和最終統(tǒng)一描述4種基本相互作用具有重要指導(dǎo)意義。由于實(shí)驗(yàn)是檢驗(yàn)物理理論正確與否最有效的判據(jù)，人們期待著利用更精密的實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)和更巧妙的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法，在更廣的相互作用范圍和更高的實(shí)驗(yàn)精度上檢驗(yàn)廣義相對(duì)論與量子理論基本假設(shè)的正確性以及相關(guān)的預(yù)言。該研究的基本出發(fā)點(diǎn)是尋找新的相互作用，開展引力基本規(guī)律和QED理論檢驗(yàn)。在引力基本規(guī)律研究中，進(jìn)行萬(wàn)有引力定律和等效原理的實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)。對(duì)萬(wàn)有引力定律的檢驗(yàn)包括兩個(gè)方面：分別是進(jìn)行萬(wàn)有引力常數(shù)G的精確測(cè)量和近距離牛頓反平方定律的實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)。在等效原理的實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)中，分別通過(guò)精密扭秤、冷原子自由落體和旋轉(zhuǎn)冷分子3種方式進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)。另外，擬通過(guò)對(duì)Li+離子的精密光譜測(cè)量開展關(guān)于束縛態(tài)QED理論的實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)，進(jìn)行精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)常數(shù)α的測(cè)量。研究緊密圍繞目前物理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究中的最前沿，任何一個(gè)課題的突破都將對(duì)物理學(xué)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生極其深遠(yuǎn)的影響，并使我國(guó)在該領(lǐng)域的研究在國(guó)際學(xué)術(shù)界占有一席之地。

關(guān)鍵詞：精密測(cè)量 引力實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論 等效原理 牛頓反平方 量子電動(dòng)力學(xué)

Project Report about Researches on Gravitation and its Related Laws based on Precision Measurement Physics

Luo Jun Hu Zhongkun Tu Liangcheng Yang Shanqing

（School of Physics，HUST）

Abstract：The General Relativity and Standard Model， describing the fundamental physical laws of nature currently， have both passed all experimental tests to date successfully. However， the two theories are essentially incompatible. Many theoretical physicists are devoted to searching for a framework to cover the four fundamental interactions， but up to now， they cannot answer the question that why the gravitation is so weak compared with the other force. A number of theoretical speculations are proposed and typically involve new physical interactions， some of which could manifest themselves as violations of the Einsteins equivalence principle， variation of the universally fundamental constants （such as G）， breaking of the Lorenz-symmetry， deviation of the Newtonian inverse square law， and so on. Each of these manifestations offers an opportunity for experiment and could result a new discovery. Therefore， any experimental effort devoted to validating these expectations will help to understand the fundamental nature of gravity. This project will carry out experimental and theoretical researches to test the basic physical laws of general relativity and QED theories. The assignments include gravitational experiments such as the precision measurement of G， testing of Newtonian inverse square law at short ranges， testing of the equivalence principle with three different methods： torsion balance， the free-fall of cold atoms and rotating cold molecules. And laboratory tests of bound state QED theories by precisely measuring the spectroscopy of Li+ and the determination of fine structure constant α are also involved. All these issues are settled according to the most significant end of recent fundamental researches of physics. If any of the issues make a breakthrough， It will bring great influence on the development of physics and promote the status of our country in the international academe.

Key Words：Precision measurement； Gravitaional experiments and theories； Equivalence principle； Newtonian inverse square law； QED

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