巴朝軍

英語中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)常常容易被考生忽視?？v觀歷年高考試題，短文改錯(cuò)、語法填空中都出現(xiàn)過一些利用逗號設(shè)置陷阱的題目。題目中的逗號常常是我們借以判斷的重要信號，研究逗號的功能對我們分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、理清解題思路有著十分重要的作用。

一、巧用逗號，區(qū)分謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞

【試題特征】句子中出現(xiàn)逗號連接的幾個(gè)動(dòng)作，考查學(xué)生區(qū)分謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的能力。

【解題思路一】結(jié)構(gòu)分析法。

利用句子中能夠顯示結(jié)構(gòu)的標(biāo)志性詞匯，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定空白處在整個(gè)句子中所作的句子成分。

【典例1】Dont panic or get out of line， and trying to remain quiet and calmly （calm）. （2014年四川卷，短文改錯(cuò)）

【解析】trying→try。Dont是一個(gè)標(biāo)志性詞匯，表明本句是一個(gè)祈使句，此處與前面的panic和get并列，因此用動(dòng)詞原形。

【典例2】________（search）the website of the Fire Department in your city， and you will learn a lot about firefighting.

【解析】Search。句子中的連詞and是標(biāo)志性詞匯，整個(gè)句子構(gòu)成“祈使句+and +陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此用動(dòng)詞原形。

【典例3】It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular， and ________ （introduce） better ones of your own.

【解析】introducing。解此題應(yīng)利用好并列關(guān)系，并列關(guān)系要求前后結(jié)構(gòu)對等。結(jié)合句子的意思，空白處與considering并列，故用introducing 。

【典例4】We can lie on the grass for a rest， sat by the lake listening（to）music.（2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷II，短文改錯(cuò)）

【解析】sat→sit。此處與前面的lie并列，因此用動(dòng)詞原形。

【解題思路二】意義分析法。分析句子意義，確定是謂語還是狀語。

【重要提示】英語中，用謂語動(dòng)詞表達(dá)主要信息，而對謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行修飾，說明謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、方式，或者是伴隨動(dòng)作、補(bǔ)充說明等，用非謂語動(dòng)詞。

【典例5】One evening at sunset， we sat by the fire， have our barbecue. （2014年陜西卷， 短文改錯(cuò)）

【解析】have→having。結(jié)合句子的意思可知，have our barbecue應(yīng)是伴隨著sat by the fire，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語having our barbecue作狀語，表示伴隨動(dòng)作。

二、巧用逗號，區(qū)分簡單句和并列句

【典例6】It was time for her to have a new baby， 70 it was also time for the young panda to be independent. （2016年四川卷， 語法填空）

【解析】and。逗號不能連接兩個(gè)句子，因此空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)連詞。

【典例7】With little sleep and hardly any break， so he works from morning till night. （短文改錯(cuò)）

【解析】去掉so。逗號前是一個(gè)介詞短語，作句子的狀語，逗號后應(yīng)該是一個(gè)句子，構(gòu)成簡單句，而非并列分句，因此不需要并列連詞。

【典例8】The lecture have been given， a lively question-and-answer session followed. （短文改錯(cuò)）

【解析】have→ having。逗號不能連接兩個(gè)并列分句，逗號前用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。

【注意】“分句+逗號+分句”結(jié)構(gòu)是錯(cuò)誤的，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以變?yōu)椋?/p>

（1）“狀語+逗號+句子”， 構(gòu)成簡單句；

（2）“分句+逗號+并列連詞+分句”，構(gòu)成并列句。

三、巧用逗號，區(qū)分并列句和復(fù)合句

【典例9】Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _______ didnt help. （語法填空）

【解析】it。句中的but是并列連詞，因此整句是并列句，故填代詞it。

請比較下例：

【典例10】Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，_______ didnt help.

【解析】which。句中無并列連詞，因此不是并列句。結(jié)合句子的意思可知，后一句話是對前一句話的補(bǔ)充說明，因此是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。

【典例11】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s， 65 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （2016年全國卷I ，語法填空）

【解析】when。句中無并列連詞，因此不是并列句。結(jié)合句子的意思可知，后一句話是對前一句話的補(bǔ)充說明，因此是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，故填when。

四、巧用逗號，分析較為復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)（含有復(fù)合句和并列句）

【典例12】It could be anything—gardening， cooking， music， sports—but whatever it is， 70 （make） sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. （2016年全國卷II， 語法填空）

【解析】make。句中but為并列連詞，后面連接一個(gè)復(fù)合句。“whatever it is”是一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，其后應(yīng)是主句。結(jié)合語境可知，應(yīng)是一個(gè)祈使句，故用動(dòng)詞原形。這是一個(gè)“從句+逗號+主句”結(jié)構(gòu)。

綜上所述，分析、歸納含有逗號的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可以幫助我們準(zhǔn)確區(qū)分謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞，科學(xué)判斷句子的類型（簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句），從而提高我們語言知識運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性。

五、鞏固練習(xí)

（一）短句改錯(cuò)

1. I hurried to the classroom， finding my seat and sat down to read.

2. In the presence of so many people he was nervous， that was understandable.

3. Living near the sea， so we enjoy healthy air and beautiful sight.

4. It is known to everybody， it may now be too late to clean up the river.

5. Turning to the left， and youll find the post office. You cant miss it.

6. Saw the door locked， he realized that he would have to turn back in vain again.

7. They sent us their statement， hoped to get our support.

8. Many trees， flowers， and grass were planted， our newly-built school looked more beautiful.

9. Qinghai Lake， is the largest inland body of salt water in China，lies 3198 metres above sea level.

10. Mr Smith，from him I have learned a lot， is a famous scientist

11. The manager looks relaxed， many things were settled.

12. Our guide，was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.

13. He will put off the picnic until May 1st， then he will be free.

14. As the development of modern economy， more and more people choose to go abroad for a holiday.

15. They reached London yesterday， there a negotiation of sale will be held.

（二）語法填空

If you have ever seen the Milky Way galaxy（銀河系）， you know what a beautiful sight it is： a truly massive group of shining stars 1

（stretch） across the night sky.

But a new study finds that one-third of the worlds population no longer can see the Milky Way 2 night.

The findings were reported in the journal Science Advances， 3 （say） that in the United States， it is even harder to see the Milky Way. For 80 percent of Americans， it is 4

（possible） or very difficult to see the galaxy at night. The Milky Way is a spiral structure. NASA， the American space agency， 5

（say） the Milky Way is about 100，000 light years across， from one end to 6 other. Our galaxy has hundreds of billions of stars.

Light pollution causes the problem， 7

（block） our viewing of the stars and planets， affecting natural events or activities on Earth. The sky is brightened at night by street lights and other artificial lighting， 8 is especially true in big cities.

Researchers 9 （look） into the increase of artificial light over the years. They say not only does it affect our view of the Milky Way， but it has been 10 （show） to have a big impact on human health and on wildlife， too.