張 歲,賈 蓓,郭翠敏,王海舫,周 靖
(河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院中西醫(yī)結(jié)合肝病診療中心,河北 石家莊 050031)
·論 著·
經(jīng)外周靜脈移植臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療乙型肝炎肝硬化的效果觀察
張 歲,賈 蓓,郭翠敏,王海舫,周 靖*
(河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一醫(yī)院中西醫(yī)結(jié)合肝病診療中心,河北 石家莊 050031)
目的評(píng)價(jià)經(jīng)外周靜脈移植臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療乙型肝炎肝硬化的臨床效果。方法選擇乙型肝炎肝硬化患者60例,分為治療組和對(duì)照組各30例,治療組在內(nèi)科綜合治療的基礎(chǔ)上給予臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞移植治療,對(duì)照組給予內(nèi)科綜合治療。觀察2組治療后2、4、12、24周生化指標(biāo)變化情況、臨床癥狀改善情況及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果治療4周后,治療組乏力、腹脹、食欲、腹腔積液改善率均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。2組隨治療時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、總膽紅素均呈下降趨勢(shì),時(shí)點(diǎn)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),組間、組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);白蛋白、膽堿酯酶、凝血酶原活動(dòng)度均呈升高趨勢(shì),時(shí)點(diǎn)間、組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。2組均未發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)和并發(fā)癥。結(jié)論經(jīng)外周靜脈移植臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療乙型肝炎肝硬化安全有效。
肝硬化;乙型肝炎;間質(zhì)干細(xì)胞移植
肝硬化是以肝組織彌漫性肝纖維化、假小葉和再生結(jié)節(jié)為組織學(xué)特征的進(jìn)行性慢性肝病,是眾多肝病的終末期階段。每年新增肝硬化患者30萬(wàn)左右[1],死于肝硬化及其并發(fā)癥者近50萬(wàn)[2]。由乙型肝炎病毒導(dǎo)致的肝硬化占肝硬化患者總數(shù)的80%左右[3]。目前治療終末期或失代償期肝硬化最有效的方法為肝移植,但肝移植也伴隨著諸多問(wèn)題,如肝源缺乏、長(zhǎng)期服用免疫抑制劑、手術(shù)費(fèi)用昂貴等,限制了其臨床廣泛應(yīng)用。干細(xì)胞移植技術(shù)的發(fā)展為肝硬化的治療提供了一條新途徑。臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞來(lái)源豐富,取材方便,無(wú)倫理問(wèn)題,且細(xì)胞含量高、增殖能力強(qiáng)、免疫原性低,越來(lái)越受到研究者的關(guān)注[4],被廣泛應(yīng)用于肝臟疾病的臨床研究,并取得了一定的療效[5-7]。本研究采用經(jīng)外周靜脈移植臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞方法治療乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,并對(duì)其安全性及臨床療效進(jìn)行評(píng)估,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料 選取2012年9月—2015年9月我院診治的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者60例,均符合2000年《病毒性肝炎防治方法》中肝硬化的臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):確診肝臟或其他臟器腫瘤;重型肝炎急性期;嚴(yán)重感染;消化道大出血;肝腎綜合征;Ⅲ期以上肝性腦病;嚴(yán)重腦、心、肺疾病以及衰竭狀態(tài)患者;有精神疾病者;高度過(guò)敏體質(zhì)者。采用單盲、平行對(duì)照分為治療組和對(duì)照組。治療組30例,男性17例,女性13例,年齡33~72歲,平均(55.97±9.08)歲;Child-Pugh分級(jí):A級(jí)7例,B級(jí)12例,C級(jí)11例;乙型肝炎病毒DNA<102U/mL 12例,102~104U/mL 8例,>104U/mL 10例;腹腔積液22例。對(duì)照組30例,男性18例,女性12例,年齡33~71歲,平均(55.53±9.27)歲;Child-Pugh分級(jí):A級(jí)6例,B級(jí)14例,C級(jí)10例;乙型肝炎病毒DNA<102U/mL 13例,102~104U/mL 6例,>104U/mL 11例;腹腔積液23例。2組性別、年齡、Child-Pugh分級(jí)、病毒復(fù)制、腹腔積液情況差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)許可,所有患者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
所有患者均給予口服核苷類(lèi)藥物抗病毒、保肝降酶等內(nèi)科綜合治療。治療組在此基礎(chǔ)上給予臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞輸注治療。
1.2 臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞制備 選擇健康產(chǎn)婦,排除艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎及其他傳染性疾病,無(wú)病理妊娠者,并獲產(chǎn)婦同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。臍帶自手術(shù)臺(tái)取下后,浸入含抗生素的0.9%氯化鈉注射液中,4 ℃保存,在超凈臺(tái)取出臍帶,用PBS沖洗干凈臍靜脈和臍動(dòng)脈內(nèi)的殘余血液,用剪刀和止血鉗清除上述血管,將臍帶剪成1 mm3大小的組織塊,通過(guò)100 目篩網(wǎng)過(guò)濾并收集細(xì)胞。置于37 ℃,5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。3 d后更換培養(yǎng)液,棄去雜質(zhì)和未貼壁的細(xì)胞,第6~7天后顯微鏡下可見(jiàn)貼壁生長(zhǎng)的單個(gè)梭形細(xì)胞從組織塊中游離出來(lái),再次更換培養(yǎng)液。待細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)到80%融合時(shí),用0.25%胰蛋白酶進(jìn)行消化;將細(xì)胞懸液1 500 r/min離心5 min,原代細(xì)胞以1∶1的比例進(jìn)行傳代,記為P1代。直至細(xì)胞彼此融合,鋪滿瓶底再重復(fù)上述操作。P2代以后按1∶3或1∶4的比例傳代。臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞傳代到第3代,鏡下觀察,可見(jiàn)細(xì)胞貼壁良好,融合密度達(dá)85%。進(jìn)行流式染色后,流式細(xì)胞儀上機(jī)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞表型確定為臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞。收集培養(yǎng)至第4代的細(xì)胞。
1.3 細(xì)胞回輸 經(jīng)外周靜脈回輸臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞,輸注前20 min給予肌肉注射苯海拉明注射液20 mg,輸注前后給予生理鹽水100 mL沖管。每次回輸?shù)哪殠чg充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞數(shù)量為(2~4)×107/mL,用生理鹽水稀釋至100 mL,靜脈滴注。每半月輸注1次,共2次。
1.4 療效評(píng)估 治療前及治療后2、4、12、24周檢測(cè)患者丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)、總膽紅素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、膽堿酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE)、凝血酶原活動(dòng)度(prothrombin activity,PTA)水平,觀察臨床癥狀乏力、腹脹、食欲的改善情況,腹部超聲了解腹腔積液情況,觀察治療后不良反應(yīng)、病死率及肝癌發(fā)生率。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)量資料比較采用重復(fù)測(cè)量的方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 臨床癥狀改善情況 治療4周后,治療組乏力、腹脹、食欲、腹腔積液改善率高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 生化指標(biāo)改善情況 2組隨治療時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)ALT、AST、TBIL均呈下降趨勢(shì),時(shí)點(diǎn)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),組間、組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);ALB、CHE、PTA均呈升高趨勢(shì),時(shí)點(diǎn)間、組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 不良反應(yīng) 隨訪24周2組均未發(fā)生不良反應(yīng)和并發(fā)癥,無(wú)肝癌發(fā)生,無(wú)死亡患者。
表1 2組臨床癥狀改善情況比較
表2 2組生化指標(biāo)變化
組別 ALT(U/L)治療前治療2周治療4周治療12周治療24周治療組 42.35±21.3041.94±18.1439.94±16.7438.16±16.0535.68±11.68對(duì)照組 41.23±23.8338.36±21.6437.25±15.8334.83±17.0434.48±13.38組間 F=0.347 P=0.558時(shí)點(diǎn)間 F=4.655 P=0.006組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=0.215 P=0.858組別 AST(U/L)治療前治療2周治療4周治療12周治療24周治療組 53.05±27.4949.84±20.4249.68±20.1744.30±16.7442.35±15.22對(duì)照組 54.12±31.1151.07±26.4648.95±22.2345.02±18.0343.88±16.12組間 F=0.024 P=0.878時(shí)點(diǎn)間 F=7.591 P=0.001組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=0.080 P=0.924組別 TBIL(umol/L)治療前治療2周治療4周治療12周治療24周治療組 44.76±18.6243.14±19.2842.69±17.3740.66±19.5637.44±14.82對(duì)照組 43.27±18.2339.54±17.5839.30±18.6839.13±19.0635.91±13.33組間 F=0.301 P=0.585時(shí)點(diǎn)間 F=6.749 P=0.000組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=0.281 P=0.864組別 ALB(g/L)治療前治療2周治療4周治療12周治療24周治療組 30.78±5.5931.37±4.2932.31±4.6333.65±5.1235.05±5.93對(duì)照組 31.45±6.0532.01±6.7332.16±5.7031.06±4.7131.83±5.94組間 F=0.490 P=0.487時(shí)點(diǎn)間 F=6.992 P=0.011組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=8.247 P=0.006組別 CHE(U/L)治療前治療2周治療4周治療12周治療24周治療組 2940.53±1275.502977.83±1302.453215.13±1267.853547.13±1374.223840.63±1403.62對(duì)照組 3001.87±1321.032988.97±1295.892873.93±1117.752895.07±1064.693107.87±1210.16組間 F=1.144 P=0.289時(shí)點(diǎn)間 F=12.575 P=0.000組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=9.332 P=0.000
表2 (續(xù))
肝硬化是嚴(yán)重威脅人類(lèi)健康的肝臟疾病,常并發(fā)上消化道出血、肝性腦病、繼發(fā)感染等而死亡,內(nèi)科治療手段有限。臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞起源于中胚層,可以分化為中胚層的間質(zhì)組織,具備干細(xì)胞的2個(gè)重要特征,即自我更新和多向分化潛能,具有減輕和消除炎癥、修復(fù)組織損傷、免疫調(diào)節(jié)和改善造血等生物學(xué)功能,已越來(lái)越多地應(yīng)用于器官損傷的治療,為肝硬化的治療提供了一種新方法。Yang等[8]給肝硬化小鼠通過(guò)尾靜脈注入臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞,結(jié)果顯示血清ALT水平顯著降低,血清ALB水平顯著升高,表明臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞移植可以改善小鼠的肝功能,還發(fā)現(xiàn)間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞發(fā)揮治療作用的機(jī)制為可以分化為肝細(xì)胞樣細(xì)胞。Hong等[9]通過(guò)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)給肝硬化小鼠注入臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞可以通過(guò)分解膠原纖維改善肝硬化的程度。本研究通過(guò)外周靜脈途徑移植臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,并對(duì)其安全性和臨床療效進(jìn)行分析。
本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),2組治療隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)ALB、CHE、PTA水平呈升高趨勢(shì),ALB、CHE、PTA均為肝臟合成功能的指標(biāo),提示臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞可以改善肝硬化患者的合成功能,其可能機(jī)制為:①干細(xì)胞“歸巢”到達(dá)受損傷的肝臟后可以分化為功能性肝細(xì)胞,抑制肝細(xì)胞的凋亡,分泌多種生物活性因子促進(jìn)肝細(xì)胞的再生[10-12];②肝纖維化是所有慢性肝病的共同病理基礎(chǔ),干細(xì)胞抑制肝纖維化[13-17]可能為其改善肝功能的機(jī)制之一;③氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)誘發(fā)肝損傷,干細(xì)胞的抗氧化活性起到了降低肝損傷的作用[18];④炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和免疫損傷在肝硬化的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程中起了重要推動(dòng)作用,研究證明干細(xì)胞可表達(dá)各種可溶性因子,如前列腺素E2、吲哚胺2,3雙加氧酶、白細(xì)胞介素6、白細(xì)胞介素10和人白細(xì)胞抗原G,這些可溶性因子可調(diào)節(jié)各種免疫細(xì)胞的增殖和功能[19],另外干細(xì)胞可以減少CD4+T細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)和激活,抑制Th1輔助細(xì)胞,誘導(dǎo)調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞,并可調(diào)控樹(shù)突細(xì)胞,樹(shù)突細(xì)胞通過(guò)表皮生長(zhǎng)因子β的產(chǎn)生誘導(dǎo)調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞分化[20]。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,2組隨治療時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)ALT、AST、TBIL均呈下降趨勢(shì),但2組的改善趨勢(shì)無(wú)差異,考慮2組ALT、AST、TBIL治療后較治療前降低與保肝降酶效果顯著有關(guān),影響了臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞對(duì)上述指標(biāo)的改善效果。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療組臨床癥狀明顯改善,未發(fā)生與干細(xì)胞移植相關(guān)的不良反應(yīng),安全性好。既往有研究指出干細(xì)胞可通過(guò)直接轉(zhuǎn)化、抑制抗腫瘤免疫反應(yīng)和對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的營(yíng)養(yǎng)作用等導(dǎo)致腫瘤發(fā)生[21]。但也有報(bào)道認(rèn)為干細(xì)胞移植可能對(duì)肝硬化患者發(fā)揮了更好的保護(hù)作用,防止了肝癌發(fā)生[22]。本研究2組乙型肝炎肝硬化患者隨訪24周均無(wú)肝癌發(fā)生,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療的安全性。
綜上所述,經(jīng)外周靜脈移植臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療乙型肝炎肝硬化患者,可以改善其肝功能和臨床癥狀,無(wú)嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生,安全有效,與既往報(bào)道的臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞移植可以改善患者肝功能的結(jié)果相似[5-7]。但本研究病例數(shù)量少,隨訪時(shí)間短,仍需設(shè)計(jì)大樣本對(duì)照試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期隨訪觀察。
[1] 楊上文,汪劍波,葉斌,等.食管靜脈曲張與胃左靜脈血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的關(guān)系[J].現(xiàn)代實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué),2015,27(11):1445-1446.
[2] 汪建中.肝硬化腹水的臨床治療效果觀察[J].現(xiàn)代診斷與治療,2013,24(17):4030.
[3] 蔣兆榮,顧生旺,劉歡,等.益氣散結(jié)消臌湯配合西藥治療乙肝肝硬化腹水的臨床觀察[J].中國(guó)中醫(yī)急癥,2015,24(11):2000-2002.
[4] 韓華,薛改,張俊勤,等.人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞的分離、培養(yǎng)及鑒定[J].河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2015,36(1):21-23.
[5] Xue HL,Zeng WZ,Wu XL,et al. Clinical therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-drived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the treatmentof end-stage liver disease[J]. Transplant Proc,2015,47(2):412-418.
[6] Yu SJ,Chen LM,Lyu S,et al. Safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord derived-mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treating patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis [J]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi,2016,24(1):51-55.
[7] 佟立新,張歲,閆寶勇,等.人臍帶間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞經(jīng)外周靜脈移植治療失代償期肝硬化的臨床療效[J].世界華人消化雜志,2015,23(15):2457-2462.
[8] Yang L,Wang Y,Wang X,et al. Effect of allogeneic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis [J]. J Tradit Chin Med,2015,35(1):63-68.
[9] Hong J,Jin H,Han J,et al. Infusion of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells effectively relieves liver cirrhosis in DEN-induced rats[J]. Mol Med Rep,2014,9(14):1103-1111.
[10] Eow YW,Shim KY,Baik SK. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver fibrosis[J]. Korean J Intern Med,2015,30(5):580-589.
[11] Al Ghrbawy NM,Afify RA,Dyaa N,et al. Differentiation of bone marrow:derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells[J]. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus,2016,32(3):276-283.
[12] Liu WH,Song FQ,Ren LN,et al. The multiple functional roles of mesenchymal stem cells in participating in treating liver diseases[J]. J Cell Mol Med,2015,19(3):511-520.
[13] Chai NL,Zhang XB,Chen SW,et al. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleriate liver fibrosis in rats[J]. World J Gastroenterol,2016,22(26):6036-6048.
[14] Hirata M,Ishigami M,Matsushita Y,et al. Multifaceted therapeutic benefits of factors derived from dental pulp stem cells for mouse liver fibrosis[J]. Stem Cell Transl Med,2016,5(10):1416-1424.
[15] Zhang LT,Fang XQ,Chen QF,et al. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting the transforming growth factor β pathway[J]. Mol Med Rep,2015,12(5):7227-7232.
[16] Meier RP,Mahou R,Morel P,et al. Microencapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells decrease liver fibrosis in mice [J]. J Hepatol,2015,62(3):634-641.
[17] 曹慧穎,邵鵬,石金升.骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療肝纖維化研究進(jìn)展[J].河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2012,33(2):240-243.
[18] Quintanilha LF,Takami T,Hirose Y,et al. Canine mesenchymal stem cells show antioxidant properties against thioacetamide-induced liver injury in vitro and in vivo[J]. Hepatol Res,2014,44(10):E206-217.
[19] Sharma RR,Pollock K,Hubel A,et al. Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells:a review of clinical applications and manufacturing practices[J]. Transfusion,2014,54(5):1418-1437.
[20] Zhang Y,Cai W,Huang Q,et al. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate bacteria-induced liver injury in mice by inducing regulatory dendritic cells[J]. Hepatology,2014,59(2):671-682.
[21] Khan AA,Parveen N,Mahaboob VS,et al. Safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation through hepatic artery for the treatment of chronic liver failure:a preliminary study[J]. Transplant Proc,2008,40(4):1140-1144.
[22] Peng L,Xie DY,Lin BL,et al. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in liver failure patients caused by hepatitis B:short-term and long-term outcomes[J]. Hepatology,2011,54(3):820-828.
(本文編輯:趙麗潔)
Therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation via peripheral vein in the treatment of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis
ZHANG Sui, JIA Bei, GUO Cui-min, WANG Hai-fang, ZHOU Jing*
(DepartmentofLiveDiseaseDiagnosesandTreatmentCenterofChineseWesternMedicine,theFirstHospitalofHebeiMedicalUniversity,Shijiazhuang050031,China)
Objective To evaluate the curative effect of peripheral vein transplant human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis. Methods Sixty patients with hepatitis B liver cirrhosis were equally divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group was given umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the basis of comprehensive medical treatment and the control group was adapted with the comprehensive medical treatment. The changes of biochemical indexes, clinical symptoms and the occurrence of adverse reactions at 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks before and after treatment were observed. Results After 4-week treatment, the improvement rate of fatigue, abdominal distension, appetite and ascites in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group and the differences have statistical significance(P<0.05). With time extension, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin of the two groups were decreased, there was significant difference of time dissimilarity between two groups(P<0.05), but there were no significant differences of interblock and interaction of interblock with time dissimilarity between two groups(P>0.05). The albumin, cholinesterase and prothrombin activity showed an increasing trend and there were significant differences of time dissimilarity and interaction of interblock with time dissimilarity between two groups(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference of interblock between two groups(P>0.05). There were no suffered severe complications and adverse reactions in all groups. Conclusion Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via peripheral vein in the treatment of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis is safe and effective.
liver cirrhosis;hepatitis B;mesenchymal stem cell transplantation
2016-11-24;
2017-01-03
河北省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題(20150636)
張歲(1982-),女,河北辛集人,河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一
R575.2
A
1007-3205(2017)03-0270-05
10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2017.03.006
醫(yī)院主治醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士,從事肝臟疾病診治研究。
*通訊作者。E-mail:zj21362165@126.com