張 光 云
(重慶工商大學(xué) 數(shù)學(xué)與統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)院,重慶 400067)
永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)模型的動(dòng)力學(xué)研究及其數(shù)值仿真
張 光 云
(重慶工商大學(xué) 數(shù)學(xué)與統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)院,重慶 400067)
在已有文獻(xiàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,利用微分方程與動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的基本理論與方法,首先從解析上推導(dǎo)出永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)混沌模型的全局吸引域,然后對(duì)這個(gè)理論結(jié)果進(jìn)行仿真;理論分析及數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果表明:該永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)混沌模型全局吸引集的研究結(jié)果是正確的; 研究結(jié)果對(duì)保證電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行具有較好的參考價(jià)值;同時(shí),為永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)混沌系統(tǒng)在工程中的應(yīng)用和電路設(shè)計(jì)提供了理論依據(jù)。
永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī);混沌吸引子;全局吸引域;工程應(yīng)用
混沌一詞來源于希臘,意味著非預(yù)測(cè)性,混沌是有序和無序的統(tǒng)一[1]?;煦鐭o處不在,人們并不陌生,它存在于非線性科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的很多分支,如物理學(xué)、生物學(xué)、化學(xué)、電子學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、生命科學(xué)、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)、金融學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)等。很多專著從多個(gè)角度來研究混沌系統(tǒng)的性質(zhì)及其在非線性科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用[1-10]。1977年,在意大利召開了有關(guān)混沌的首次國際學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議,從而混沌控制的研究正式在全球開始。1990年,德國專門舉行了關(guān)于混沌分岔的學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議。1984年,郝柏林院士[2]專著《chaos》出版,書中系統(tǒng)地介紹了有關(guān)混沌的前沿學(xué)術(shù)成果。在數(shù)學(xué)上存在一些研究混沌系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)性質(zhì)的方法,例如Bifurcation圖、Poincare映射、Poincare截面、平衡點(diǎn)的局部拓?fù)漕愋?、周期解的存在性和穩(wěn)定性、同宿規(guī)、異宿軌的存在性和保持性等[11-13]。
鑒于混沌系統(tǒng)重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,此處將研究一個(gè)永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)混沌模型,以便為該永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)混沌系統(tǒng)在工程中的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。
經(jīng)過變換的均勻氣隙永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型為[14]
(1)
式(1)中,x1,x2,x3為無量綱狀態(tài)變量,分別為d軸定子電流、q軸定子電流和轉(zhuǎn)子機(jī)械角速度;ud,uq和TL分別為d軸定子電壓、q軸定子電壓和負(fù)載扭矩;γ>0和σ>0為系統(tǒng)參數(shù)。
當(dāng)ud=uq=TL=0時(shí),可以看作是永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)空載運(yùn)行一段時(shí)間后突然斷電,外部輸入項(xiàng)為零的情形,此時(shí)永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)的數(shù)學(xué)模型為[14]
(2)
其中γ>0,σ>0為系統(tǒng)(2)的參數(shù),當(dāng)σ=4,γ=50時(shí),系統(tǒng)(2)進(jìn)入混沌狀態(tài),混沌吸引子見圖1(圖1中x,y,z分別代表x1,x2,x3)。
圖1 系統(tǒng)(2)在三維空間中的混沌吸引子Fig.1 Chaotic attractor of system (2) in the 3D space
定理1 對(duì)任意的?γ>0,σ>0,令
θ=min{σ,1}>0
X(t)=(x1(t),x2(t),x3(t))
X(t0)=(x1(t0),x2(t0),x3(t0))
則當(dāng)V(X(t))≥L,V(X0)>L(t≥t0)時(shí),系統(tǒng)(1)的正半軌線有估計(jì)式:
V(X(t))-L≤[V(X(t0))-L]e-θ(t-t0)
從而,
(3)
為永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)(1)的一個(gè)全局指數(shù)吸引集。
證明 記函數(shù):
則有
作廣義Lyapunov函數(shù):
當(dāng)V(X(t))≥L,V(X0)>L(t≥t0)時(shí),計(jì)算V(X(t))對(duì)時(shí)間t的導(dǎo)數(shù):
2(x1-γ-σ)(-x1+x2x3+ud)+
2x2(-x2-x1x3+γx3+uq)+2x3[σ(x2-x3)-TL]=
2uqx2-2TLx3-2(γ+σ)ud=
g(x3)+(γ+σ)2-2(γ+σ)ud≤
-θV(X)+θL≤-θ(V(X)-L)<0
(4)
當(dāng)V(X(t))≥L,V(X0)>L(t≥t0)時(shí),對(duì)不等式(4)兩邊積分:
V(X(t0))e-θ(t-t0)+L(1-e-θ(t-t0))
(5)
整理得:
V(X(t))-L≤[V(X0)-L]e-θ(t-t0)
(6)
令不等式(6)兩邊t→+∞,取上極限:
從而,
為永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)(1)的一個(gè)全局吸引集。
定理2 對(duì)任意的?γ>0,σ>0,令
X(t)=(x1(t),x2(t),x3(t))
X(t0)=(x1(t0),x2(t0),x3(t0))
則當(dāng)V(X(t))≥L0,V(X0)>L0(t≥t0)時(shí),系統(tǒng)(2)的正半軌線有估計(jì)式:
V(X(t))-L0≤[V(X(t0))-L0]e-θ(t-t0)
從而,
(7)
為永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)(2)的一個(gè)全局指數(shù)吸引集.
證明 證明方法與定理1的證明方法類似.
圖2 系統(tǒng)(2)的軌線最終進(jìn)入Ω1,1之內(nèi)Fig.2 The trajectory of system (2) finally enters into Ω1,1
研究了永磁同步電動(dòng)機(jī)混沌系統(tǒng)的全局吸引性,研究方法適用于其他混沌系統(tǒng)的研究,研究結(jié)果對(duì)電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的混沌控制的應(yīng)用將起到一定的參考價(jià)值。
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責(zé)任編輯:李翠薇
Research on Dynamics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor and Its Numerical Simulation
ZHANG Guang-yun
(School of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China)
On the basis of the existing literature research, this paper uses the basic theory and method of differential equation and dynamics system to firstly derive the global attraction region of the chaotic model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and then to make simulation on the theoretical results. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the studying result of global attraction set of the chaotic model of this permanent magnet synchronous motor is correct. The studying result has good reference value for the stable operation of the gearing system of the motor, and meanwhile, the research results provide theoretical basis for the motor to be used in circuit design and engineering of the chaotic system of the motor.
permanent magnet synchronous motor; chaotic attractor; global attractive region; engineering application
10.16055/j.issn.1672-058X.2017.0001.008
2016-09-14;
2016-10-23.
張光云(1983-),女,山東臨沂人,助教,碩士,從事外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)、常微分方程的理論研究.
TP393
A
1672-058X(2017)01-0041-04